Chirongwa chemuhoro wekurarama paUniversity yeVirginia chave kumanikidza vatungamiri veyunivhesiti iyi kuti vabate vashandi vayo zviri nani kwemakore gumi nemana apfuura, dzimwe nguva vachihwina mihoro yakawanda, asi vachigara vachiona vachipedzwa nekukwira kwemitengo yekurarama. muCharlottesville. Vashandi ava, kushaya mubatanidzwa, uye vachiona kutsiva kune vamwe vataura izvi, vanga vasingadi kutungamira muhondo iyi, asi vadzidzi vawedzera basa.
Kubva Kukadzi 18 kusvika Kurume 1, vadzidzi veUVA - gumi nevaviri pakutanga, asi vachikura kusvika kuboka remakumi maviri - vakaramba kudya. Vamwe vakapedza mazuva 20 ose vasina zvokudya. Vamwe vakatsanya nokuda kwezvikonzero zvokurapa. Vese vairwadziwa nekuneta. Majoini avo anorwadza. Makumbo avo akatanga kupera simba. Vainetseka kukwira masitepisi. Vakaona zvakaoma kutakura mabhuku, uye zvakaoma kuisa pfungwa. Vaipfeka akawanda akaturikidzana kunyangwe machirimo-akaita semamiriro ekunze, uye vachiri kunzwa kutonhora. Asi vati vakawana simba nekudziya mukukura kwerutsigiro rwavapa kuti vatange kuramwa nzara.
"Zvakaoma kusadya," akadaro Marguerite Beattie, mukuru wezvepfungwa wegore rechina, "asi kufungidzira zviri kuitika nevashandi kunoita kuti zvive nyore." "Ndinoona vashandi mazuva ese," akadaro. "Vanochenesa imba yangu yekurara, zvimbudzi, mvura yekugeza, zuva nezuva. Pane imwe nguva patakanga tichienda kuzororo, ndakabvunza mumwe mukadzi kana aiva nehurongwa hwezororo. Akati aingova pazororo kamwe chete muupenyu hwake hwose. "
UVA yakagara yakaviga vashandi vayo vasina kubhadharwa zvakanyanya pamabhuku evakontrakta vakazvimiririra uye yakaramba kutaura kuti vangani vavo kana kuti vanobhadharwa chii. Mushandirapamwe wekurarama-mubairo uchangobva kuhwina kuzvipira kubva kuyunivhesiti kuongorora makondirakiti ayo uye nekutaura nezvehuwandu hwevashandi nemuhoro wavo. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakahwinawo rubatsiro kubva kune vese AFL-CIO neSEIU, mumwe wevagari venzvimbo iyi achangozvipira kuronga vashandi vekondirakiti yeUVA. Mushandirapamwe unotungamirwa nevadzidzi uri kugadzirira kuratidzira uye mubatanidzwa kuronga chitubu chino, asi chii chakawana budiriro idzi uye chii chatungamira vadzidzi (uye vakapedza kudzidza seni, vaive chikamu chemushandirapamwe makore gumi nemana apfuura) kutaura kuti zvese- nguva yakakwirira yasvikwa muUVA activism ndiko kushandiswa kwekugadzira kusaita mhirizhonga - nzara yakashandiswa nevadzidzi mwedzi uno mushure mekunge mamwe maitiro asingaverengeki atadza kubereka zvibereko.
Pakati pevakauya vakataura pamisangano yemazuva ese paive nevanhu venyika vakaita saJill Stein, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weGreen Party, uye vamiriri vemasangano maviri evashandi vakangoerekana vafemerwa kutsigira vashandi veUVA. Joseph Williams, mumwe wevatambi venzara, mutambi wenhabvu wevarsity aida kuisa chinzvimbo chake panjodzi muchikwata ichi. Chibayiro ichocho chakakwezva vamwe vadzidzi uye vezvenhau munyika kune chikonzero.
Kushanda MuJefferson's Sweatshop
Teresa Sullivan akava purezidhendi wechikadzi wekutanga weUVA muna 2010. Sullivan inyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu akanyorerana bhuku rinoti, "Kubhadharwa muripo wehupenyu hwebasa rako chinhu chinodiwa kuti uzvigadziriseโฆ.Kupihwa muhoro wakakwana kuti usangane nawo zvinodiwa zvinokosha chinhu chinokosha basa risati raonekwa serinopa mubayiro uye rine chinangwa." Asi kwemakore maviri apfuura Sullivan haasati aita chimwe chinhu kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemubairo wemubairo wekurarama kupfuura akamutangira.
Chikonzero chinoita kuti vashandi vazhinji vepaUVA vasatore zororo (kana kudyira mumaresitorendi kana kuenda kumabhaisikopo) ndechekuti, kunyangwe vachishanda nguva yakazara, zvavanobhadharwa hazvibhadhare mabhiri avo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandirwa neyunivhesiti, kungave zvakananga kana kuburikidza nemakondirakiti, vanotora mabasa echipiri. Vamwe vane mabasa echitatu. Vamwe vanoshanda mabasa echipiri paUVA pamubhadharo weawa yakaderera pane pabasa ravo rekutanga - muitiro ungaite sekutyora zvinodiwa nemutemo zvenguva nehafu yenguva yakawandisa, kunze kwekuti mabasa maviri aya ndeehunyanzvi hwevashandirwi vakasiyana, mumwe ari. iyo yunivhesiti uye imwe yevashandi vayo. Maawa marefu aya anoripwa zvisina kunaka zvokuti vakawanda vanotsamira panhengo dzemhuri uye rubatsiro rwehurumende kungobhadhara pokugara, zvokudya, zvokupfeka, uye chokufambisa. Hapana zvekuwedzera zvinopfuura izvo zvinodiwa.
Vatsigiri vemihoro yekurarama vanocherechedza kuti anenge munhu wose angada kubhadharwa zvakanaka nokuda kwebasa raanoita pane kushanda pasina muripo wakafanira uye kubatwa mumambure akachengeteka angangobatsira vasingashandi zviri nani. Mukukakavadzana pamusoro pezvikumbiro zvemuhoro wekurarama, anogara ari matangi ekufunga anoshandira hotera nenzvimbo yekudyira, senge Employment Policies Institute, inotsigira mihoro yemutero inowaniswa uye dzimwe nzira dzekuendesa mutoro wemubhadharo wevashandi kubva kune vashandirwi vakuru kuenda kune ruzhinji paruzhinji.
Vazhinji vevashandi vanobhadharwa zvakaderera paUVA vashandi vekondirakiti. Vanoshanda kune imwe yekambani iyo yunivhesiti inobhadhara kubika zvokudya, kucheka uswa, dzimba dzokugezera dzakachena, kupindura mafoni, nezvimwewo - makambani akadai seAramark, Turners Cleaning Service, uye Zaatar Services / Service Master Cleaning. "Bob," mushandi wekondirakiti anoshanda muhoro yekudyira akaudza mushandirapamwe wemuhoro wekurarama kuti akashanda maawa makumi mana neshanu pasvondo kwemakore gumi apfuura, asi akakwanisa kuwana muchengeti wevana vake vaviri vadiki nekuti aive atora basa. kushushikana kwemamwe maawa 45 pavhiki pabasa rechipiri.
Tom, mushandi akananga kuyunivhesiti (ose kunze kwerimwe remazita evashandi ava akachinjwa kudzivirira kuzivikanwa kwavo) inzvimbo yenzvimbo yeyunivhesiti. Tom akati haaigona kufunga nezvemumwe munhu mudhipatimendi rake asina basa rechipiri, uye vazhinji vaive nerechitatu, nepo vazhinji vachiri kuchemera nguva yakawandisa yavaigona kuwana pabasa ravo rekutanga. Kushushikana mupfungwa, akadaro, kwaikuvadza muviri nepfungwa.
Tom akati, "Vatungamiri vangave nani kuti vabhadhare mari yekurarama," akadaro Tom, "kuti vanhu vasarware nguva dzose, vachigara vachinetsana, vachirwa nemudzimai wavo nguva dzose. Kana iwe usingakwanise kubhadhara mari yako. nguva dzose mupfungwa dzako." Tom akati anopupurira kudhakwa nguva dzose, pamwe nenyaya dzemhirizhonga mudzimba mumakore aakashandira UVA.
Mumwe mushandi wezvekurima, Mike Henrietta (zita rake chairo), akati hazvishamisi kuti vavanoshanda navo vanovhima vagovane mhembwe, kana kuti avo vanopfuya huku vachigovana huku, nevashandi veUVA avo vari mumatambudziko kupfuura ivo. Tom akabvuma, achiti, "Bhora richaisa makirogiramu 80 enyama mufiriji yako, uye izvozvo zvinogona kuita musiyano mukuru. Vakomana vakawanda vanozviita, mukati nokubuda mumwaka [wokuvhima]."
Tom akanongedzerawo kudivi rakasviba rekupererwa nezano pakati pevashandi vepainowanzonzi Mr. Jefferson's University. "Ndakataura nemumwe wevatariri," akadaro. "Anga ane tambo yebhandi, ndikamubvunza kuti sei. Akati akanga asiya bhandi rake nebhurugwa pachigaro kwemaawa maviri uye mumwe webazi redu akazvibira." Taenda pamwe chete nebhurugwa nebhandi, Tom akati, chero chinhu chakasara chakati bvu, kusanganisira vanodya sora nevanofuridza. "Paunenge wapererwa, unowana zvigunwe zvinonamira."
Martha anoshanda semubatsiri wekutonga kune kondirakiti anonzi Morrison Management Specialists paUVA Hospital. Basa rake remaawa 40 rakaderedzwa kusvika kumaawa 36 makore akati kuti apfuura, zvichimusiyira muhoro wepagore uri pasi pe$27,000. Anokwanisa kubhadhara rendi nokugara imwe imba ine makamuri mana nevamwe vanhu vatatu. Vazhinji vaanoshanda navo, akadaro, vanoita zvishoma pane zvaanoita uye vane vana vekuchengeta. Chavanonyunyuta nacho zvikuru, akati, shangu, bhurugwa, mabhuku, nembatya dzevana vavo dzechikoro.
Jane, mumwe mushandi wekondirakiti anga achibatana nechirongwa chemuhoro wekurarama anopihwa madhora manomwe nemazana mashanu paawa. Ndiyo $7.50 pavhiki, kana $300 pagore. Iko hakusi "kutanga kubhadhara" iyo munhu angatarisira kukurumidza kuwedzera; atova nemakore achishanda ikoko. Haana mabhenefiti eutano uye anofanira kuzvibhadharira ega yunifomu nenzvimbo yekupaka. Kunyange mamaneja mukambani yaanoshandira vanongopihwa $15,600/awa.
Tichishanda netsvakiridzo neEconomic Policy Institute (isingazovhiringike neyakadudzwa Employment Policies Institute), mushandirapamwe weUVA wemuhoro wekurarama wakaverenga kuti muhoro wekurarama muCharlottesville, Virginia, imadhora gumi nematatu paawa pamwe nekuvharwa kwehutano. Mubayiro iwoyo, maererano neEPI, unofanira kubvumira vanhu vakuru vaviri vanoshanda nguva yakazara vane vana vaviri kubhadhara zvavanoda chete uye hapana chimwezve. Mhuri ine mari imwe chete, chokwadika, inosara ine chinetso chikuru. Vamwe vashandi veYunivhesiti yeVirginia, vakabhadharwa kuburikidza nemakambani anoita makondirakiti, vava kubhadharwa zvikamu makumi mashanu nesere kubva muzana zvezvavanoda, kana kuti pane zvavanoda kana vakapihwa hutano, izvo zvavasiri.
UVA ine chipo chinodarika mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora uye yakavaka zvivakwa zvakawanda zvitsva, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvemitambo, mumakore achangopfuura. Mumwe wevatevedzeri vayo akabhadharwa $5 muna 650,000, mumwe wemapurofesa ayo $2011, imwe $561,100, uye mutungamiri wayo mutsva, Teresa Sullivan, $518,900. David Mafashamo, mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza mune anthropology uye mumwe wevanoramwa nzara, akataura kuti fungidziro huru kwazvo yezvinoda yunivhesiti kuunza vashandi vese kumuhoro wekurarama ingave isingasviki 485,000 muzana yebhajeti regore reUVA. (Chiverengero chinofanira kufungidzira kusvika yunivhesiti yaita iyo odhita.)
Charlottesville ine vagari vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana chete, uye mushandirwi wayo mukuru, yunivhesiti, inoshandisa vanhu zviuru makumi maviri, vamwe vachifamba kubva kunze kweguta, vazhinji vacho pamuhoro wehurombo. Vanopfuura makumi maviri nenomwe muzana eCharlottesvilians vanogara pasi pemubatanidzwa wehurombo. Hurumende yeguta ine mutemo wemihoro yekurarama uye yakakumbira yunivhesiti kuti ifanane nayo. Vamwe vashandi veUVA vanovimba nedzimba dzeveruzhinji, masevhisi emagariro, uye zvitambi zvekudya. Imwe nhengo yekanzuru yeguta yakanyunyuta kuti "guta riri kupa mari yeUVA miripo yakaderera nemambure ekuchengetedza magariro."
Vavakidzani muCharlottesville vanonyanya kupatsanurwa nehupfumi uye rudzi, uye vashandi vari kunetsekana vanowanzosasvika kuvadzidzi kana vashanyi nezvavanonetsekana. Vashandi vanotya kutsiva kana vakataura. Muna Zvita 1999, mumwe mushandi wepachipatara cheUVA chekudya chekudya anonzi Richelle Burress akamiswa basa nekupfeka bhatani remuhoro wekurarama payunifomu yake. Tom akati akaona vashandi vaitaura vachishorwa uye vachiramba kukwidziridzwa. Wese munhu anomubvunza kuti mushandirapamwe uri kufamba sei, anodaro, asi hapana kana mumwe wavo achashinga kupinda nawo. Martha akabvuma, achiti, "Munzvimbo yekodzero yekushanda mushandirwi haadi chikonzero chekukudzinga, uye tinoziva izvozvo." Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinogonawo kuva zvechokwadi mune imwe nyika isina-kodzero yekushanda kana chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa chisingaiti.
Muna Kubvumbi 2011, yunivhesiti yakaburitsa chirevo ichiti, "Faculty nevashandi avo, nekutenda kwakanaka, vanopinda mubumbiro remutemo rakachengetedzwa rusununguko rwekutaura vanofanira kuita izvi vasingatyi kutsiva." Asi vakawanda havana chokwadi nazvo. Haisi chete iyo manejimendi yeyunivhesiti yanga ichiramba zvikumbiro zvekutaura kubva kune vezvenhau, sekureva kwemushandirapamwe wemuhoro wevanorarama wenhau Emily Filler, asi nguva pfupi yadarika yakaraira vashandi kuti vasataure nevatori venhau. David Flood, mudzidzi ari kurova nzara, akashora nzira dzakadai sedzisiri pamutemo, dzichityora kodzero dzeFirst Amendment nekodzero dzekutsiva kutsiva kubasa. โVashandi vakanzi vasadyidzane nesu,โ akadaro.
Kutora Chiito
Mafashama nevamwe vake "mabheji," sekuzvidaidza kwavanozviita, vakaronga, vakadzidzisa, vakaungana, vakaita nhanho dzekugara, vakahwina rutsigiro rwevanopfuura 300 nhengo dzefekisheni, vakatsvaga rubatsiro rwemasangano mazhinji pacampus uye kunze, uye akadhindwa uye akagadziridzwa gore negore. mushumo wemapeji 75 unonzi "Kuchengeta Zvipikirwa Zvedu," izvo zvinogadzira nharo yenhoroondo, yetsika, uye yepamutemo yemuhoro unorarama. Dzimwe nzvimbo dze150, uye makumi maviri nemaviri emayunivhesiti epamusoro-soro e22 munyika ane mitemo yemararamiro ehupenyu, uye tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakagumisa kuti dzinoderedza urombo pasina kuderedza basa.
Mushandirapamwe weUVA wemuhoro wekurarama, wekutanga pakambasi yekoreji, wakatangwa muna 1998, ichida muhoro wekurarama weUS$8/awa, wakanyorwa kuti uenderane nemutengo wekurarama. Muna 2000, UVA yakakwidza mubhadharo wayo wakaderera wevashandi vakananga kubva pamadhora matanhatu negumi kusvika pamadhora masere. Nehurombo, danho iri harina kubatsira vazhinji vevashandi vanotambira mari shoma, avo vanoshandirwa kuburikidza nemakondirakiti. Mushandirapamwe wemadhora masere wakahwina mibairo yekurarama kubva kuguta, hurongwa hwechikoro cheveruzhinji, uye vashandirwi vakawanda vakazvimirira muCharlottesville. Asi kuUVA mibairo yakaramba ichidonha mumashoko chaiwo sezvo mutengo wekurarama wakakwira.
Muna 2006, vadzidzi gumi nevanomwe vakasungwa nekugara muhofisi yemutungamiri wenyika, uye mumwe muzvinafundo akaedza kubatana navo akasungwa akazodzingwa basa. Yunivhesiti yakawedzera mihoro zvakare, zvakare isina kubvuma mushandirapamwe, uye zvakare isina kuaratidza kuinflation.
Mutungamiri Sullivan vakanongedzera kumaonero egweta rehurumende muna 2006 ekuti muhoro wekurarama kuUVA haungave wepamutemo, gakava iro mushandirapamwe wakapindura nemaonero ayo emutemo uye mienzaniso kubva kutenderera nyika. Sullivan akapokana kuti UVA yave kubhadhara madhora gumi nematatu pamwe nemabhenefiti akabatanidzwa, asi chinodiwa pamushandirapamwe ndechemadhora gumi nematatu pamwe nemabhenefiti, uye kuti vashandi vekondirakiti vavharwewo. Mutungamiriri wenyika akataura kuti haakwanise kuvimbisa kukwira kwemitengo yekurarama asingazive kuti bhajeti remangwana richange riri rei, kunyangwe mamwe madhizaini emadhora akawanda akazvipira. Akataura kuti mihoro yakatemerwa nehurumende haigone kufanotaurwa, asi chirongwa ichi chinoti kutonhora kwakadaro hakudzivisi kukwidza mwero wepasi.
Mutevedzeri wemutevedzeri wemutungamiri weUVA wezveruzhinji, Carol Wood, akaramba kutaura nezvechinyorwa ichi.
Kuramwa kwenzara kwakarongwa kuti kupindirane nemusangano wemazuva matatu weUVA's Board of Visitors. Iyo BOV ibhodhi remakambani eYunivhesiti yeVirginia, nhengo dzayo dzakagadzwa nagavhuna weVirginia uye dzakabvumidzwa neGeneral Assembly yenyika. Iyo BOV ine basa rekuronga kwenguva refu uye inobvumidza marongero matsva nemabhajeti kuUVA. Mafashamo nevamwe vadzidzi vakasangana kaviri naSullivan nevamwe vakuru vakuru. Mafashamo akatsanangura maitiro avo ekuita sarudzo se "opaque," asi akati haana kupokana kuti kana Sullivan nehutungamiriri hwake vakabvumirana nemuhoro wekurarama, vaigona kuishandisa uye nokudaro kuzivisa Bhodhi reVashanyi.
VaEmily Filler vakurudzirwa nekuramwa nzara vachiti mukati memavhiki maviri vanhu vange vachitariswa zvakanyanya, vadzidzi vakawanda vange vave kuziva nezvemushandirapamwe uyu, yunivhesiti iyi kekutanga yakabvuma kuongorora makondirakiti ayo uye kunyoresa. pahuwandu hwevashandi vayo uye zvavanopihwa, uye masangano maviri evashandi - SEIU neAFL-CIO - akaunzwa kucampus nekuda kwekutarisisa kwakatenderedza kuramwa nzara.
"Mushure mekuzorora kwechirimo," Filler akadaro, "tichatanga kuronga vashandi vekondirakiti."
Achibvunzwa kana mushandirapamwe wacho wakanga wapera iye zvino sezvo akanga ava kudzokera kunodya, Marguerite Beattie akati, โAa, hatisi kukanda mapfumo pasi kusvikira tawana muhoro wokurarama.
Nyaya iyi yakagadzirwa neyakazvimiririra Economic Hardship Reporting Project, yakapepetwa pamwe chete naBarbara Ehrenreich naLinda Jue.
Mabhuku aDavid Swanson anosanganisira "Hondo Ndicho Nhema." Anoita blog pa davidswanson.org uye warisacrime.org uye inoshandira iyo online activist sangano rootsaction.org. Anogadzirira Talk Nation Radio.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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