"Tinofanira kunge takasuwa," akadaro Emily Grijalva, achirangarira mazuva ekutanga ekuramwa kwa2019 nevadzidzisi veLos Angeles. Grijalva, iye zvino ari chikoro chenharaunda uye murongi wezvekururamisira pa Felicitas uye Gonzalo Mendez High School, akabatana nevamwe vake pamutsetse wepikicha muna 2019 kunyangwe kwaitonhora zvakanyanya uye nedutu remvura rakarebesa iro rakazadza migwagwa yemuguta nemumigwagwa nekunyudza mapikicha. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vasingapfeki, ndoda zvavo, giya remvura rakakodzera kumamiriro ekunze ekunze ekuSouthern California aiwanzogara ezuva, akapfava.
“Asi kunyangwe mukunaya uye kuchitonhora, takanzwa kubatana uye kutsigirwa kubva munharaunda. Mhuri dzakasiya chikafu chevadzidzisi, vana vechikoro nevabereki vauyawo nesu kumberi, vanhu ndokuvhura misha yavo vachitisiya tichiomesa kana kushandisa chimbuzi,” vanodaro.
Chiitiko chaGrijalva muna 2019 chinogona kuwana replay muna 2023 se, zvakare, vadzidzisi muLos Angeles. vakabatana mukuramwa mabasa kwemazuva matatu mukutsigira zviuru makumi matatu vashandi vechikoro avo vari kutungamira chiito chebasa. Chimwe chinhu chinogona kuve chakatanhamara mukona yevadzidzisi kubudirira kwavo muna 2019 pa kugutsa dunhu kupa mari yekushandura makampasi makumi matatu kune izvo zvinozivikanwa se zvikoro zvemunharaunda.
Nzira yezvikoro zvemunharaunda inoda kusimbisa hukama pakati pezvikoro zvehurumende nenharaunda dzazvo dzakapoteredza kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvidikanwi zvakakura uye zvido zvevana nemhuri uye kupa vadzidzi, vabereki, uye nhengo dzemunharaunda kuwedzera inzwi mukutungamirira mitemo yechikoro uye mapurogiramu.
In yayo nhoroondo ye2019 kurohwa, Dzorera Zvikoro zvedu LA (ROSLA) — mubatanidzwa wemapoka evagari pamwe nesangano revadzidzisi, United Teachers of Los Angeles (UTLA) — vakati chimwe chezvavakakunda munhaurirano dzekondirakiti yavo imari inosvika madhora miriyoni gumi nemaviri kubva kudunhu rebudiriro. zvezvikoro zvenharaunda.
Kudiwa kwacho kwakakura kubva muchibvumirano pakati pemapoka akaumba ROSLA muna 2016 kuita kuti zvikoro zvemunharaunda zvive chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekuronga hwemubatanidzwa. Zano iri raizosanganisira kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezvepfungwa yezvikoro zvemunharaunda uye kumanikidza hutungamiriri hwedunhu "kutora mativi: vaive ve-kana kupokana-iyi dhizaini inotsigirwa nechikoro?" as Nhoroondo yeROSLA ye2019 yekurova yakatsanangura. Zano racho rinoita serakashanda.
Chibvumirano che2019 chakaitwa nenyundo pakati peUTLA neLos Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) inodaidzira kuti zvikoro zvemunharaunda zviitwe mumakampasi makumi matatu, Capital neMain. Zvinonzi muna 2021, nekugoverwa kwe $150,000 mugore rokutanga reshanduko uye $250,000 mugore rechipiri. Yakasimbisa zvakare Community Schools Steering Committee, iyo inotarisira nzira yekushandura. Muna 2021, dunhu akawedzera mari yekushandura zvimwe zvikoro makumi mana zvemunharaunda mumakore matatu anotevera.
"Taiziva kuti pfungwa yezvikoro zvemunharaunda yaizogadzirisa zviri nani izvo zvinodiwa nevadzidzi vedu," akadaro Grijalva. Kunyangwe hazvo kuitwa kwemaitiro aya kuchiri kwakawanda muzvikamu zvavo zvekutanga, zvikoro, uye mhuri dzinopinda kwavari, vari kutoona mabhenefiti anobatika.
'Nzira Iyo Chikoro Chese Chinofanira Kuitwa'
"Ini hapana chandaiziva nezvezvikoro zvemunharaunda patakatanga kuramwa mabasa [muna 2019]," akadaro David George, murongi wechikoro chenharaunda. Marina del Rey Middle Chikoro uye Kuita Arts Magnet. Asi chimiro chemaitiro pachikuva chemubatanidzwa chakaita kuti averenge zvakawanda nezvazvo. “Iye zvino ndava kutenda zvikuru kuti aya ndiwo mafambisirwo anofanira kuitwa chikoro chose,” akadaro.
Yakawanda yekutendeuka kwaGeorge kunzira yezvikoro zvenharaunda imhaka yezvaiitirwa chikoro chake, kwaakadzidzisa nhoroondo kwemakore gumi nematanhatu kusvika achinja kuita basa rake razvino muna Ndira 16.
Chikoro ichi — musanganiswa wemagineti ekuita magineti anokwevera vadzidzi kubva kunze kwenharaunda yeSouth Los Angeles uye marine science academy inokwevera vadzidzi vazhinji vanobva munharaunda yakatenderedza — yakagara ichinetseka. Kunyoresa kwakadzikira mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, George akadaro, kubva pa1,400 paakatanga nechikoro muna 2004 kusvika pavadzidzi mazana mana nemakumi mashanu. Akacherekedza, zvakadaro, kuti pave nekukwira kuchangobva kuitika mukunyoresa mumakore maviri apfuura.
Vadzidzi vechikoro ichi 45 muzana Hispanic uye 50 muzana yeVatema, maviri ehuwandu hwevanhu mudunhu iri. zvishoma zvakabudirira pakudzidzisa. Sekureva kwaGeorge, vangangoita vadzidzi vese vanokodzera yehurumende yemubatanidzwa chirongwa chekudya chemahara uye chakaderedzwa-mutengo, chiratidzo chinozivikanwa cheurombo. “Chikoro ichi chine zvibodzwa zvakaderera kubvira ndichishanda pano,” akadaro.
Mwedzi mishoma yekutanga yaGeorge semurongi wechikoro chenharaunda yaive yekubhabhatidzwa nemoto. Kwangosara mazuva makumi matanhatu mushure mekunge atanga, denda rakavhara chikoro chake ndokutumira vadzidzi nevadzidzisi mune yakakurumidza kugadzirwa online mode yekudzidza. Asi akakurumidza kudzidza kuti huzivi hwemaitiro akabatsira sei chikoro kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko akaomarara edenda.
Kutanga, nekuti imwe yekutsigira mbiru yehurongwa hwezvikoro zvenharaunda ndeye "kuita basa remhuri nenharaunda," George nevamwe vake vaive vatoenderana nekudiwa kwekusvika kumhuri, uye vaive vagadzira matangiro ehurongwa hwekuita izvozvo.
“Takakurumidza kuona kuti ndedzipi mhuri dzakanga dzabviswa pachikoro ichi, dzakanga dzave dzisina dzimba, uye dzaida kuudzwa nezvebhangi revhiki nevhiki rechikafu rakaumbwa nechikoro ichi nerubatsiro rweshamwari yeko,” vakadaro. "Patakaziva kuti taive nevadzidzi vaviri vane vabereki vakapfurwa vakaurayiwa, takakwanisa kuona kuti rudzii rwerutsigiro rwehutano hwepfungwa rwavaida uye kuti vangaruwana sei."
George nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakaunganawo kune imwe mbiru yemaitiro ezvikoro zvenharaunda: kukudziridza kudyidzana munharaunda yekubatanidza hutano, hutano, uye kumwe kutsigirwa kwevadzidzi nechirongwa chedzidzo.
“Takabudirira nekiriniki inofambisa mazino yakauya pachikoro apa. Ikozvino iri kuuya kaviri pagore,” akadaro. “Taive nekambani yezviono yakauya kuzoongorora vadzidzi vedu. Makumi matatu kubva muzana aive nenyaya dzine chekuita nemagirazi. Hafu yevadzidzi vakawana magirazi matsva vakanga vasati vambopfeka magirazi. Mumwe mudzidzi akanga asingaoni zviri pamutemo muziso rimwe, uye vabereki vake vaisatombozviziva.”
Kubva pakudzoka kuchikoro chemunhu, Marina del Rey kuita nzira yezvikoro zvenharaunda yakatarisana nekuwedzera mikana yekudzidza yevadzidzi, imwe. mbiru nzira yezvikoro zvemunharaunda.
Chikoro ichi chawedzera boka rekusimudzira vanasikana iro rinosangana kaviri pasvondo vachidzidza nezvemabhizimusi nezvimwe zvehupenyu. Inopawo marobhoti chirongwa, uye yave kuda kutanga chirongwa chekudzidzisa kukodha komputa. Chikoro ichi chakasuma vadzidzi vemuno veHispanic neBlack artists uye vakaita kuti maartist emuno auye kuzodzidzisa vadzidzi kupenda nekudhirowa.
Ichishandisa rubatsiro kubva kuCalifornia Dhipatimendi reChikafu uye Zvekurima, chikoro ichi chakatanga chirongwa chekutonga chezvekudya icho chine vadzidzi vari kukura nekukohwa chikafu chavo. “Apo ndakatora pikicha yomumwe wavadzidzi vaishanda mubindu ndokuitumira neemail kumubereki,” George anoyeuka kudaro, “ndakawana katsamba kakanaka zvikuru kaipindura, kaiti, ‘Hauzivi kuti izvi zvakaita kuti ndinzwe kufara sei. Mwana wangu akanga asisamirire kuuya kuchikoro nokuda kwechirongwa ichi.’”
Kumwe kuwedzera kutsva chirongwa chedzidzo yevakuru, kutanga nevadzidzi kudzidza Chirungu semutauro wechipiri. Hafu yevakuru vakanyoresa havasi kana vabereki vevadzidzi vepachikoro, asi vanogara munharaunda uye vachabatsira nekuvandudza mukurumbira wechikoro.
'Dzimba Dzedu'
Vamwe varongi vezvikoro zvenharaunda muLAUSD vanoshuma mabhenefiti akafanana kubva mukushandisa nzira iyi.
"Ini ndakanga ndisingazivi zvachose nezvehurongwa hwezvikoro zvemunharaunda kusvika mukuru wangu andikumbira kuti ndibatsire pachikumbiro," akadaro Julie Chun anove murongi pachikoro chenharaunda. John H. Francis Polytechnic Senior High School munzvimbo yeSun Valley. “Apo ndakadzidza izvo [zvikoro zvomunzanga] zvaibatanidza,” anoyeuka kudaro, “ndakaziva kuti zvaitsinhirana nechiono changu cheicho chikoro chinofanira kuva. Chikonzero chandakapinda mudzidzo kutanga kwaive kusimudzira kuenzana, uye zano rezvikoro zvenharaunda rinodaro. "
Chikoro ichi, chiri munharaunda yeSan Fernando Valley, chakakura chose chine vadzidzi vanosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana maviri, ruzhinji rwavo rwunozivikanwa seSpanish. Makumi mapfumbamwe nemana kubva muzana akaonekwa sevasina hupfumi hwemagariro, maererano naChun. Vazhinji vevadzidzi vanodomwawo sevadzidzi vemutauro weChirungu, uye vangangoita vese vanokodzera chirongwa chehurumende yemubatanidzwa chemahara uye chakaderedzwa-mutengo chekudya.
"Mbiru ina dzave dzimba dzedu dzemwenje," Chun akadaro, asi, kusvika parizvino, mazhinji esimba rake apinda mukuongorora midziyo uye zvinodiwa, danho rakakosha rekutanga mukuita zvikoro zvenharaunda.
"Mukuongorora kwedu, takawana humbowo hwakawanda hwefungidziro," Chun akadaro, "asi zvakatishamisa zvishoma." Semuyenzaniso, vadzidzi vaive nechido chikuru mukudzidza hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa basa repano neazvino kwete rebasa remangwana. Zvakare, pakanga paine kufarira kukuru mukudzidza mutauro weKorea netsika.
Saka, chikoro parizvino chine chirongwa chakazara cheKorea chekudzidza, uye chinopa vhiki yakazara yekuraira muhunyanzvi hwekugadzirira basa, kusanganisira kutsvaga basa uye hunyanzvi hwekubvunzurudza.
Chikoro chakaita mavhiki emabasa emabasa, chekupedzisira chakaunza vatengesi makumi maviri neshanu, Chun akadaro. “Handina manhamba, asi ndinoziva nezvevadzidzi vakakwanisa kuwana basa nekuda kweizvi.
'Nzira Yega Yaunowana Zvirinani Zvibodzwa Zvokuedzwa'
Havasi vese vashandi veLAUSD vari kuita zvikoro zvemunharaunda vakadzidza nezvazvo nekuda kwekuramwa mabasa. Martha Gonzalez, murongi wechikoro chenharaunda pa Lucille Roybal-Allard Elementary Chikoro, akatanga kuziva nezvemaitiro aya muna 2012 apo aibatsira kuronga nevabereki nevamwe vadzidzisi pachirongwa chekuyedza zano rechikoro chidiki mudunhu iri. Boka rakatsvaga zvikoro muChicago, uko dunhu raishanda pa saiti-based management pfungwa ine zvimwe zvakafanana nemaitiro ezvikoro zvemunharaunda.
“Pfungwa yedu yakanga iri yokuti chikoro chishande senzvimbo yenharaunda,” anoyeuka kudaro, “uye kuti chigadzirise zvinodikanwa zvenzanga nemirangariro zvoutano zvevadzidzi, kwete zvedzidzo chete.” Saka, akafara apo, semugumisiro wekuramwa mabasa kwa2019, dunhu rakabvuma kupa mari yekuti paitwe chirongwa chechikoro chenharaunda. “Kunyangwe kusati kwatanga kuramwa mabasa, takanga tine chiono nehunhu hwemafambiro ezvikoro zvemunharaunda, asi iko zvino tainge tava kuzowana rubatsiro nemari yatinoda,” vanodaro.
Kufanana nezvimwe zvikoro zveLAUSD zviri kuita nzira yechikoro chenharaunda, chikoro chaGonzalez chichiri kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya muchikamu chekuongorora. Asi zvimwe zvitsva zviri kutoitwa.
Chikoro ichi chakakwanisa kubatana nevekunze kuti vaunze vanachipangamazano vepfungwa. Yakavhura nzvimbo yehutano ine mukova wekunze kuti vabereki vakwanise kupinda munzvimbo iyi pasina kupfuura nechikoro.
Nemari kubva kudunhu, chikoro chakawedzera nguva yetsigiro yedzidziso mushure mezuva rechikoro uye neMugovera. Yakaunza vadzidzisi vekupindira kuti vagadzirise matambudziko ekudzidza evadzidzi vari kunetseka vasingakwanisi kuuya kune imwe nguva yekutsigira.
Chikoro ichi chakashandawo nemumwe wake kutanga makirasi emakombuta evabereki, uye chiri kushanda nedhipatimendi redunhu remapaki nekutandara kubata zviitiko zvekunze mupaki iri pedyo.
Sezvo nhaurirano dzekondirakiti dziripo pakati pedunhu neUTLA dzichienderera mberi, Gonzalez ane hanya kuti dunhu richadzokera kumashure pakutsigira kwaro zvikoro zvenharaunda. Anotya kuti, panzvimbo pezvo, kuongororwa kwevadzidzi uye kuzvidavirira kwechikoro, kunze kwezvikoro zvemunharaunda, zvichadzoka sekusimbisa.
Gonzalez anotenda kuti shanduko haina musoro. “Kana chaunokoshesa zviri zvibodzwa nenhamba,” akadaro, “ipapo unofanira kutanga wasimbisa zvikoro zvenharaunda, nekuti ndiyo chete nzira yaunowana nayo zvibodzwa zviri nani.”
'Kwete Nezve Kukurumidza Kubudirira uye Kurova Nhamba'
"Parizvino, kune nyaya dzakawanda dzebudiriro kubva pakuva zvikoro zvenharaunda," akadaro Grijalva, "asi vanhu vanofanirwa kuziva kuti izvi zvinotora nguva. Hazvisi zvekukurumidza kubudirira uye kurova nhamba. Ndinovimba, vanhu vachanzwisisa kuti kutora nzira iyi kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwenguva refu. "
Zvakadaro, varongi vezvikoro zvenharaunda Zvikoro zvedu zvakataura navo vari kushanda pakuwana data kuratidza nzira iri kufambisa tsono.
“Chikoro changu chave nenhamba huru yevadzidzisi, iro rave riri dambudziko guru,” akadaro George. “Asi isu tinovimba kuti nzira yezvikoro zvenharaunda ichatanga kushandura izvozvo. Zvakare, isu tiri kutarisira kuona kudzikira kwekunyoresa kwakadzikira uye kuti vave kutanga kusimuka. "
Vamwe varongi vezvikoro zvenharaunda vari kutarisira kuona kwakavandudzwa kupinda kwevadzidzi nekuda kwezvirongwa zvitsva nerutsigiro rwavakaisa. Vanotenda kuti kana vakakwanisa kuvandudza pamatanho ehuwandu senge kubatanidzwa kwemhuri, kuchengetwa kwevadzidzisi, uye kusaenda kwevadzidzi, ipapo zvibodzwa zvebvunzo zvinozotevera.
Kana pave paine yakaoma yekunamatira poindi kusvika parizvino, zvave zvine chekuita ne mbiru yechina yemaitiro ezvikoro zvemunharaunda, izvo zvinoda "maitiro ehutungamiriri akabatana." (Email kubva kuZvikoro Zvedu kumumiriri wedunhu achibvuma kubvunzurudzwa haina kuteverwa nenguva yekunyora.)
“Chokutanga,” akadaro George, “vamwe vanhu vanoona chinhu chipi nechipi chinobva mumubatanidzwa sokutengesa kwakaoma. Dai pfungwa iyi yabva kuvakuru vedunhu, vanhu vakawanda vangadai vakakurumidza kuigamuchira. "
Kupfuurirazve, varongi vezvikoro zvenharaunda Zvikoro zvedu zvakabvunzurudzwa vanotyira kuti manejimendi angatsigire masevhisi erutsigiro evadzidzi ane mukurumbira-nekuda kwekukosha kwehukama hwawo neruzhinji-pane kugashira huwandu hwese hwemisimboti iyo zvikoro zvenharaunda yakavakirwa pazviri.
Zvakare, vatungamiriri vematunhu vanoshandiswa kubatanidza masevhisi, zvirongwa, uye kuita sarudzo vanogona kuve nenguva yakaoma kubata imwe demokrasi yekutonga. “Apo chikoro chinozvipira kuita zvikoro zvomunzanga zvinosvika,” akadaro George, “vatungamiriri vanoerekana vabatwa zvisina kufanira. [Ivo] vanofanira kuva vakagadzirira kunzwa zvinhu zvakaipa pamusoro pezvikoro [zvavo] noutungamiriri [hwavo] uye vanoda kuteerera vamwe vanhu ndokuchinja.”
"Chinhu chakaomesesa chekuve chikoro chenharaunda kuona kuti zvese maitirwo," akadaro Grijalva, "uye kuti unofanirwa kubvunza vadzidzi nemhuri nezvemaonero avo pane zvese."
Zvisinei nekunetseka uku, vadzidzisi veLos Angeles vari kufara nezve tarisiro yekuenderera mberi nekubudirira kwavo nemaitiro ezvikoro zvenharaunda.
“Ndinovimba kuti hurongwa uhu huchatambirwa zvakanyanya, uye dunhu richabatsira nemari yakawanda,” akadaro George. “Chikoro chose mudunhu rino chinoda rubatsiro. Uye maitiro ezvikoro zvemunharaunda anogona kushandura dunhu rose. "
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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