Kunobva: The New Republic
Mufananidzo ne rblfmr/Shutterstock
Ndiani ari kuvharidzira kufambira mberi pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze? Makambani emafuta ezvicherwa nevezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzakapfuma, dzinoburitsa mhepo zhinji ndivo vanovhiringidza zvikuru—ivo vanorwira mamiriro ekunze vari kunangana nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, kuferefeta, uye zviito zvakananga. Asi semishumo miviri ichangoburwa yakajekesa, pane rimwe boka rinotarisa mamiriro ekunze rinofanira kufunga kana nyika ichida kudzivirira njodzi: maneja emidziyo.
Mafemu ekutarisira maasset anodzora nekudyara mari yakabatanidzwa yemunhu uye masangano anoisa mari semabhirioni, mari yepenjeni, uye makoreji. Iwo matatu makuru epasi rese mamaneja (BlackRock, Vanguard, uye UBS) ega kutonga $ 21 tiririyoni, zvakada kuenzana nehupfumi hwese hweUS muna 2017 uye zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura hedge fund yepasi rose, private equity, uye venture capital industries. kusanganiswa. Uye mafemu ekutonga midziyo ane chidimbu chechero indasitiri yese: Iyo "Big Three" yeBlackRock, Vanguard, uye State Street yavo. zvinopfuura 20 muzana yezvikamu muavhareji inotengeswa pachena S&P500 kambani uye zvakare vari vatambi vakuru mukati zvakaenzana zvakavanzika.
Makambani aya akatora chinyararire basa guru muhupenyu hwedu hwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. The Big Three inodarika 25 muzana emavhoti pamisangano yevagovani vemakambani, zvichireva kuti "vanoshandisa chimwe chinhu chakafanana nechiremera chehurumende pamusoro pemakambani makuru anotora chikamu chikuru chezvehupfumi mu ... hupfumi hwenyika," sezvakataurwa nemuongorori wezvekudyara Anusar Farooqui gore rapfuura. Haisi hutongi hwemubatanidzwa chete, kana: Sarudzo huru dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakatenderedza kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakakosha zveveruzhinji sekuvakwa kwemigwagwa nezvipatara zvakagadziridzwa kuitira kubvisa njodzi kune mamaneja emidziyo uye vatengi vavo sechikamu che "public-private kudyidzana." Muna 2020, purofesa uye nyanzvi yemutemo wezvemari William Birdthistle akaenda kusvika pakudaidza BlackRock kuti "bazi rechina rehurumende,” mushure meUS Federal Reserve zvakare yakazvinyorera kuti itsigire musika wese wemabhondi emakambani.
Kana kururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze kuchizobudirira, zvichasanganisira kutora bazi idzva rehurumende. Chirevo chitsva cheFriends of Earth US anoratidza kuti maBig Three asset managers vari pamwe chete vane zvikamu zvinopfuura makumi maviri nenomwe kubva muzana zvezvicherwa mumafuta makuru emafuta Chevron, ExxonMobil, neConoco Phillips uye anopfuura makumi matatu muzana emakambani makuru ezvekurima akaita seArcher-Daniels-Midland, zvichivaita pakati pevagovanisi vakuru mumaindasitiri maviri. inonyanya kukonzera kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuri kufambisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze.
Hofori dzemari dzisina kutariswa idzi hadzisi kungopinza mari mumakambani ari kukonzera matambudziko pachawo; vari kuwanawo purofiti yemhinduro dzisina kururama kumatambudziko aya. Ongororo yakamboitwa naJordi Calvo Rufanges inoona kuti aya mamaneja ehupfumi akakura ari pakati pevane mari hombe pasi rose. kutengesa zvombo. The Friends of the Earth ongororo inowedzera kuti mamaneja emidziyo ndivo vanoisa mari mumakambani anomhanyisa majeri akazvimirira uye nzvimbo dzevasungwa uye vanopa drone nebiometric tekinoroji. Revolutioning vari kuwedzera kuva nemauto mhirizhonga yemuganhu kurwisa vanhu vakadzingwa pasi rose. Zvese zvakataurwa, makambani ekutarisira midziyo ane mari inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora mumafuta epamusoro emafuta, bhizinesi rekurima, chengetedzo yemuganho, uye makambani ekutarisa akaongororwa neThe Friends of the Earth report.
Izvi zvinowedzera kumufananidzo wakashata wekururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze. Mhando dzebhizinesi dzakasimudzirwa nekudyara uku dzinokanganisa zvakanyanya nharaunda dzine mari yakaderera yeruvara kuchamhembe kwepasirese nepasirese maodzanyemba - vanhu vasina kubatsira mukuwedzera kuburitsa kwepasirese asi vari munjodzi nekubviswa kwemafuta. nzvimbo dzechibayiro uye zvekurima zvemaindasitiri kusvibiswa, tisingarevi kukanganiswa zvisina mwero nemafashamo, kukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya, nezvimwewo. Zvavanoda zvinogarofuratirwa: Nyika dzakafanana achivhura magonhi avo nechido yevapoteri vekuUkraine vakapedza makore gumi apfuura ndichivavhara nechido kune vapoteri vanobva kuAfrica neMiddle East, uku vachisimudzira yakanyanya-tech-tech, mauto miganhu uye nzvimbo dzehusungwa idzo mamaneja emidziyo vari kuisa mari mairi.
Hazvishamisi kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inomiririra "mukana" kune mamaneja emidziyo senge BlackRock CEO Larry Fink. Muna 2021, Fink akatora mukana wetsamba yegore negore yaBlackRock kune maCEO - chimwe chinhu chisina pamutemo State of the Union yerudzi rwepasi rose - kuyeuchidza vakuru vakuru kuti "hapana kambani ine bhizinesi remhando isingakanganisike zvakanyanya shanduko kuenda kune net-zero economy." Mamaneja makuru emidziyo ane masheya makuru muindasitiri yega yega uye kirasi yeasset papasi uye ane saizi uye anosvika kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti vanowana pundutso kubva kumaindasitiri ari kukonzera matambudziko uye nechisimba, kusaenzana "mhinduro" dzavanopa mari.
Zvichakadaro, nyika yanonoka makumi emakore uye mabhiriyoni emadhora ipfupi pamhinduro shoma dzedystopian kudambudziko remamiriro ekunze: Pane mikaha mikuru mumari inowanikwa shanduko yepasi rose kune simba rinogoneka izvo zvaizodzivirira kukanganisa kwakaipisisa, pamwe chete ne inowirirana kune zvinokanganisa zvatove pano. The mushumo mutsva weIPCC zvakajeka: "Hafu zviyero haisisiri sarudzo."
Vamwe vanogona kutarisira kuti mamaneja emidziyo angave simba rekufambira mberi padambudziko remamiriro ekunze, sezvo kusiyana kwekudyara kwemaneja weasethi kunoita kuti vaonekwe kune njodzi dzakasiyana siyana kupfuura varimi vazhinji. Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinoparadza nyika rinozopedzisira rakonzera kukanganisa kudzoka kwepotfolio, saka mafemu anotonga mapotfolio aya haafanire kuve nechido chemari chakananga kufambisa mutemo wemamiriro ekunze mberi here?
Asi izvi zvakakanganisika: Unogona kukwana tangi remafuta munzvimbo iri pakati pezvakanakira makambani ekutarisira zvinhu uye zvakanakira nyika. Makambani ekutarisira zvinhu anobhadharwa mari yedhora rimwe nerimwe ravanotonga—vanoita mhindu nokutarisira mari yakawanda sezvinobvira, kwete nokuitarisira zvakanaka. Kambani yega yega inotungamira maasset inozokurudzirwa kuisa mari zvakanaka, asi zvakanaka zvekuti vatengi vayo havatore mari yavo kumwe kunhu, vachikurudzira makambani kudzingirira hombe. kudzoka kwenguva pfupi kana kutarisana nekurasikirwa nenzvimbo kune vakwikwidzi.
Pamusoro peizvozvo, izvo zvakanakira mapotifolio, kunyanya munguva pfupi, hazvina hazvo kunaka kuvanhu: Kungofanana nekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu kunoita kuti dzimba ive mari inobhadhara uye chikamu chinokwezva chepotfolio ndicho chinokwezva zvakare. varidzi vemakambani kutumira rent kunyura munyika yose, kugadzira pokugara isingagoneki uye isingawanikwe kune ruzhinji rwevanhu pasi rose. Zvakare, vanhu vanozosungwa uye kutarisana nemiganhu yemauto vangangove vasiri vatengi veBlackRock kana Vanguard.
Sezvineiwo, mamaneja emidziyo havana kushandisa simba ravo rakakura kukurudzira kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze kana mhinduro dzekusimudzira kururamisira kudambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Pane kudaro, vakaita kazhinji vakavhota vachipokana kana kuramba pazvisungo zvevagovani zvinotsigira kumisikidzwa kwakakomba kwemamiriro ekunze kana kubvisa cheni dzekugovera kubva mukutema masango kuenda kuzvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze. Nguva yese iyi, vakaedza kuchenesa nzira yavo yekudyara ne "green investment funds," iyo kuraira vazhinji izvo zvisingaenderane nezvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze pasi rose zvichinyatsoenderana muzvinangwa zvevanoisa mari nemari. Tariq Fancy, aimbove mukuru wekudyara mari weSustainable BlackRock, akashevedzera pachena indasitiri yezvemari kuti "kunyengedza vanhu veAmerica” uye yakanyorwa kuti inosimudzira investing se“placebo ine ngozi inokuvadza zvido zvevanhu. "
Kururamisa kwemamiriro ekunze kunoda kururamiswa kwakakomba. Tinoda hurongwa hwakazara hwekutonga kuyera nzvimbo yekutamba pakati pemasangano ehurumende uye isingaverengeki yakazvimirira capital uye asset maneja mabhemoths anotonga mari yavo: kusanganisira mitero yehupfumi pamakambani emakambani, sezvakataurwa nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakaita saEmmanuel Saez naGabriel Zucman, pamwe chete kuvandudzwa kwemitero yepasi rose.
Asi izvi zvinongogona kudzikisira dambudziko rakadzama rehutongi hwemamiriro ekunze, kuri kuti kusarongeka kwave uye kucharamba kuripo. kunobatsira. Kuramba tichivimba nebazi rakazvimirira rekupa mari yemamiriro ekunze zvese asi zvinovimbisa kuti kuita purofiti kubva munhamo kucharamba kuchienderera. Chete a simba redemokrasi izvo zvinotora sarudzo dzakakosha dzemamiriro ekunze kubva mumaoko evanoisa mari uye mumaoko anozvidavirira pachena zvinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri guru. Izvi zvinoreva kuvaka hurongwa hweveruzhinji hwekudyara pasina "kudyidzana" nemari yakazvimirira. Sezvineiwo, nyanzvi uye varatidziri vakakurukura kwenguva refu sarudzo dzakawanda dziripo. Vagadziri vemitemo vanongoda kuashandisa.
Kunyangwe nekuvaka masangano matsva senge zviremera zvenyika zvekutsvaga mari kana kutsvaga nzira dzekuita masisitimu edu aripo ekushandisa zvakanyanya inoteerera maererano nedemocracy, shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika kune veruzhinji inodiwa. Tinofanira kutanga nezuro.
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò ndiye mubatsiri purofesa wefilosofi paGeorgetown University, uye munyori we Reconsidering Reparations uye iri kuuya Elite Capture.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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