Apryl Lewis ari muhondo yedzimba - zvakare. Panguva ino, ari kukurudzira kuti mhuri dzakawanda dzirege kubviswa muCharlotte yekugara kwenguva refu motel iyo yakarongerwa kuvharwa mukati memavhiki. Mamotel akadai anoita mari inosvika madhora mazana mashanu pasvondo rega rega, anodhura zvichienzaniswa nekugara kwenguva refu. Asi vazhinji vemhuri idzi vari kurarama mubhadharo-ku-paycheck kana pamihoro yakatarwa, uye havana imwe sarudzo.
"Havakwanise kutenga mari yekufambisa yefurati," Lewis akadaro. โVaridzi vemba vanoda rendi yepamberi nemidziyo yekushandisa pamwe nedhipoziti. Iye zvino vave kutoita kuti vanhu vabhadhare inishuwarenzi yokurenda.โ
Vamwe vanogara pamotel nekuti vanovharirwa dzimba dzechivanhu nekuda kwe kudzingwa kwakapfuura kana nhoroondo yemhosva. Vamwe vanongotadza kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera yekugara panguva iyo nzvimbo dzekurenda dziripo nhoroondo yakaderera.
Nhau dzakanaka kune vagari vemumotel ndedzekuti uku hakusi kurwa kwaLewis kwekutanga. Murongi we Action NC, Lewis akabatanidza "Cancel Rent" kuratidzira mudare renzvimbo mumazuva ekutanga edenda reCCIDIDA, akatungamira maroja munziyo dzekuti "imba ikodzero yevanhu" pamisangano yehurumende yakasiyana siyana, uye kuronga kuvhota uye kubhengi dzenhare, vachikweva pamwe chete maroja kutsigira kodzero dzavo. Chazvino chinotarisisa ndechekudaidza varidzi vemba vemakambani, senge muCharlotte aive yakataurwa kakawanda zvekuramba kutaura rampant mold, vermin uye njodzi wiring.
Mukutanga kwaGunyana, Lewis nevamwe vanoroja vakabatana nemamwe masangano ayo, seAction NC, akabatana neCentre for Popular Democracy, kuita chitarisiko chisina kukokwa pamusangano weWashington, D.C. wemubatanidzwa wevatengesi vevaridzi vemakambani. Mazana emaroja akatora imba yemusangano, akazvidurura magirazi emvura inoyevedza yeremoni nemvura yeorenji, ndokuimba, "Muridzi wemba haukwanise kuvanza, tiri kuona divi rako rine makaro."
"Tinofamba kwese," Lewis akadaro. "Hatingoendi paimba neimba chete, tinodonhedza mabhena uye kukanganisa misangano yepamutemo - ingovapo uye uite ruzha kuti vasazeye zviri kuitika kuvaroja ava."
Lewis akarwira imba yake, zvakare. Saamai vasina murume, kanopfuura kamwe aitofanira kutsvanzvadzira kuti asadzingwa, pasinei nekushanda mabasa maviri uye dzimwe nguva matatu. โMari yerendi yakaramba ichikwira, saka ndaifanira kuva nemanomano kuti ndigone kuchengeta mwanasikana wangu,โ akadaro. Lewis paakazotanga kushanda nepwere nemhuri sechipangamazano, matambudziko avakagovana naye akaramba achidzokera kumba, kure nekure. mari yepamusoro mumhuri dzakawanda dzeU.S.
Maroja anoshanda naLewis haasi ega. Vanopfuura mamirioni gumi vanorenda vekuUS zivisa kusaririra mari yerendi, uye nekudaro vari munjodzi yekudzingwa. Zvikamu makumi matanhatu nezvishanu kubva muzana zveavo vari kumashure pamari yavo yerendi vanhu vane ruvara. Vanhu vekuAmerica ava vanoda chaizvo rubatsiro rwedzimba, asi kusiyana neMedicaid kana SNAP (matampu ezvekudya), zvirongwa zvedzimba zvemubatanidzwa hazvisi kodzero. Mhuri nevanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kukodzera kuwana rubatsiro rwedzimba, asi vanongowana rubatsiro irworwo kana paine zvekushandisa. Uye kazhinji haisi kuwanikwa. Chete mumwe muvanhu vana vanokodzera vanokwanisa kuwana mari yemubatanidzwa, vachisiya mhuri dzinopfuura mamirioni masere dzinokodzera asi dzisina kutsigirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba idzodzo dzakaipa, dzinogona kunge dzichitowedzera kuipa. Mitengo yerendi paavhareji yakasimuka zvinopfuura 16 muzana muna 2021, uye yakakwira inopfuura 20 muzana mune mamwe maguta. Ongororo ichangoburwa neUS General Accounting Office yakawana kuti $100 yega yega paavhareji yekuwedzera yerendi pamwedzi inodyidzana kuwedzera kwe9 muzana mukushaya pokugara. Saka hazvishamise kuti, pakasvika pakati pa2022, dzimba dzekugara dzisina pekugara dzaishuma kuwanda kwevanhu vanokumbira rubatsiro, ine mazita ekumirira akapetwa kaviri uye katatu semhedzisiro.
Varidzi vedzimba dzemakambani uye kusarura kwedzimba
United States inowanzonzi ine hurongwa hwehupfumi hwemusika wakasununguka, asi dzimba munyika ino hadzina kufanana nemusika usina kuvharwa. Federal, nyika uye hurumende dzemuno dzakatora nechido mabasa sevatambi vakuru mubhizinesi redzimba. Dambudziko nderekuti kurema kwehurumende mudzimba kunowanzoiswa pachikero kudivi revakapfuma. Mumakore gumi apfuura, makambani akatora mukana we zvakakosha kubhadhara mutero to kuwedzera zvakanyanya kubata kwavo zvese zviri zviviri-multi-unit rental zvivakwa uye dzimba dzekugara. Varidzi vemasangano - makambani kana makambani ane zvikwereti zvishoma - ikozvino ndezvake ruzhinji rwese maU.S uye 80 muzana-pamwe chete yezvivakwa zvine makumi maviri neshanu kana kupfuura mauniti.
Sezvo Lewis nevamwe vanoziva dzimba dzekurenda dzeU.S. vanogona kupupura, iri idambudziko. Makambani ari kuratidzira kunyanya kuda kudzinga uye kusateerera kune zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza pane varidzi vemba vadiki. Maroja anonetsana nazvo varidzi vedzimba vari kunze kwenyika izvo zvinosiya mold isina kugadziriswa, midziyo nemahwindo zvakaputsika zvisina kugadzirwa, marara asina kunhongwa, uye kunyange kutadza kubhadhara mvura nemamwe mabasa. "Uye kazhinji vanopomera vanhu vanogara ikoko, vachiti havachengete dzimba dzavo dzakachena," Lewis akadaro. "Varidzi vedzimba vanofanirwa kudzorwa semabhangi."
Kusashanda zvakanaka kwedzimba dzeU.S. kwakavakirwa munhaka refu yemaitiro erusarura edzimba. Munguva yekutanga nepakati pezana ramakore rechi20, hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakashandisa rubatsiro rwevaridzi vemba kubatsira vachena uye kusabata Vatema, nepo zvibvumirano zveganhuriro zvaidzivirira vatema kuenda kunharaunda uko mbanje dzaive nyore kuwana. Nemuridzi wemba the kumusoro zvinoreva kuunganidza pfuma muU.S., zvizvarwa zvedzimba uye rusaruro rwemari zvakasiya Vatema varidzi vemba - uye hupfumi - iri pasi peavo vevachena vavo. Kusarura kwedzimba ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei mhuri dzevachena dzeU.S. dziine paavhareji 10 nguva pfuma vedzimba dzevatema.
Mafambiro arikuenderera mberi nhasi. Denda razvino revaridzi vemba vasipo uye kutenga dzimba zvekufungidzira is kushanyirwa zvisina mwero munharaunda dzevatema nevebrown. Itsika inoyeuchidza kutenga kwemakambani yakagadzirwa munharaunda idzodzo panguva yeGreat Recession ye2007-2009. Munguva yekuderera uku, hupfumi hwemhuri yevatema - huzhinji hwahwo hunoenderana nehunhu hwepamba - yakaderera inoda kusvika 50 muzana.
Izvo zvese zvinotungamira kune zvinosuruvarisa fungidziro mhedzisiro. Mhuri dzevatema ndizvo zvinopfuura kaviri zvichida kuva vanoroja semhuri dzevachena. Pakati pevanoroja, Black renters vari zvakanyanya kudzingwa kupfuura vachena vanoroja, nevakadzi vatema nevana vangangodzingwa mudzimba dzavo. Anenge mumwe muvana vashanu veBlack kana Hispanic vakambodzingwa nezera 15. "Zvinhu zvakawanda mudzimba hazvina kuchinja kubva panguva yeJim Crow," Lewis akadaro. "Kuti tigadzirise tinofanirwa kugadzirisa rusarura."
Kufamba kwakasimba uye kuri kukura
Varatidziri vakaita saApryl Lewis vane hanya neveruzhinji. Sarudzo dzinoratidza kushushikana kukuru kwemazuva ano nezvedzimba uye kuzvipira kugadzirisa dambudziko. Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2021 yakaratidza kuti zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevanhu vekuAmerica munzvimbo dziri kukura dzemutaundi โkunyanya/kunetsekanaโ nezvekushaya pekugara uye kudhura kwemba, vachichiisa sechinonyanya kukosha. "Dzimba ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kunharaunda inobudirira," Lewis akadaro. "Nyaya zhinji dzatiri kunetsekana nadzo, sekupara mhosva, dzakabatana nevanhu vasingakwanise kugara."
Pane imwe nhanho yemunhu, kusachengeteka kwedzimba kunobatanidzwa marudzi ese ehutano matambudziko, kubva asima uye chirwere chemwoyo kusvika kumhirizhonga uye kuzviuraya. โKana usina kuchengeteka mumba mako, utano hwako hwepfungwa huri munjodzi. You are always stressing, you are always at level 10 nekuti munenge muchirwira pekugara,โ Lewis akadaro. "Ini ndinogona kukuudza ini kuti ini ndakagara pano munzvimbo yakagadzikana mumba mangu, mafungiro angu ari nani pane pandakanga ndichinetsekana kugara."
Saka hazvifanire kushamisa kuti ongororo dzinoratidzawo kuti zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvevanhu vekuAmerica vanobvumirana nevanoimba varidzi muCharlotte uye nenyika yese: dzimba dzakachengeteka, dzakachengeteka dzinofanira kuonekwa sekodzero yevanhu. Vanhu vekuAmerica avo havasi kugutsikana kuti kodzero iyoyo ive yekungofungira: Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanoratidza rutsigiro rwedzimba sekodzero dzevanhu vanotsigirawo zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakawedzerwa kuita kuti kodzero iyi iite.
Kuedza kwedzimba kweFederal-level kunosanganisira Rep. Ilhan Omar's Dzimba dzeVose Act, iyo yaizopa $1 trillion mukuvaka 12 miriyoni mitsva, inokwanisika zvachose veruzhinji uye dzimba dzekugara. Iyo yaizobvisawo Faircloth Amendment, iyo muna 1998 yakapindura kuparara kwedzimba dzeveruzhinji nekuvharira kuvakwa kwedzimba dzeveruzhinji. Sangano reNational Low-Income Housing Coalition riri kutungamira a "HoUSed" mushandirapamwe kuwedzera rubatsiro rwekurenda kumhuri yega yega inokodzera uye kugadzira homwe yenyika yekudzikamisa dzimba kuti ipe rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi.
Zvichakadaro, kune kwakasimba uye kwakabudirira activism iri kuitika mudunhu uye munharaunda. Varatidziri vachishandisa matekiniki kubva kugara zvivakwa zvisina munhu Kutsvaga hurongwa hwekuvhota kwakahwina zvisungo zvekuwedzera rutsigiro rwedzimba mumaguta akaita seMinneapolis, Oakland, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Baltimore neLos Angeles. Varatidziri venharaunda vari kuita mishandirapamwe yedzimba yazvino muLas Vegas neNew York. Rent control advocacy irikuenderera mberi California, Florida uye Michigan, pamwe kukunda kuchangoburwa kwerendi muMinnesota. San Francisco yave kuda kuti varidzi vemba vazive uye vasangane nemasangano emaroja kana kutarisana nekudzikiswa kwerendi. Varatidziri mu maguta akaita seIndianapolis vari kunyengetedza hurumende dzenharaunda dzavo kuti dzitevedzere muenzaniso weEurope wekutungamira zvivakwa zveveruzhinji uye mari yeruzhinji kudzimba dzevanhu.
Masangano ezvitendero ari kubatanidzwa nesangano iri. Mushandirapamwe weHoUSed wemubatanidzwa unobatanidzwa neCatholic Charities USA, Union for Reform Judaism uye hutungamiriri hwenyika hwekereke dzeEpiscopal neMethodist. Kana iri yeAction NC imba yekuedza muCharlotte, inotora semubatsiri anokosha wechechi yeSt Martin's Episcopal.
Vanhu vanoverengeka vasina pokugara vanogara munhandare yeguta reCharlotte reSt. Martinโs, uye ungano inovagamuchira nokuvatsigira. Mushure mekushanya kweboka kudare rekudzingwa kwenzvimbo uye hurukuro nevatungamiriri vakati wandei veAction NC, ungano yakasarudza kutarisa nezvekutonga kwedzimba. "Taida kuona kuti tingabatsira sei mhuri isati yadzingwa, mumwe munhu asati ashaya pekugara," mutungamiri webhodhi remishoni yeSt. Martin Kay Miller akadaro.
Saka vatendi vechechi yeSt. Martin vakashanda parunhare rwekuroja uye vakatsvaga magweta epro bono kubatsira mhuri dzakatarisana nekudzingwa. Chikwata chitsva chakabatana kuita kutsvaga runhare kuvaroja vanogara mune dzimwe dzimba dzakashata dzemakambani muCharlotte. Vari kukurukura nezve mukana wekutevera mamwe machechi anotungamira mukubatsira varidzi vedzimba vane mari shoma kubhadhara mitero yezvivakwa nefaindi izvo zvinowanzokonzera mhuri kurasikirwa nemba, uye kunyange kuongorora nzira yekubatsira kugadzira dzimba dzinodhura.
"Ndinopa mbiri kuvanhu veSt. Martin's nekutiratidza kuti nharaunda uye mapoka ezvitendero anogona kubatsira chaizvo kufamba," akadaro Lewis. "Ini ndinoedza kusundira mapoka ezvitendero kuita chiito, kwete kungonamata, uye ivo vari kutora danho."
Zvekugarisana, kwete zvekubhadhara dzimba
Dingindira rakajairika rekuratidzira kwedzimba ndiko kudiwa kwekubva pane zvinotarisirwa kuti iyo yakavanzika, ye-purofiti musika ichagadzirisa dambudziko redu. Mufananidzo mukuru, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor akanyora mubhuku rake, "Mujaho wePurofiti: Mabhangi neIndasitiri yeReal Estate Zvakadzikisira Vatema Varidzi vemba,โ kureva kuti kupa kodzero yevanhu kumasangano ari kutsvaka purofiti kuchaita kuti vanhu vatambure. โKugutsa zvinodiwa nevanhu zvakakosha, sekupihwa pekugara, kurapwa, mvura kana dzidzo kunopesana nechinangwa chebhizinesi chekuwedzera kudzoka pakudyara kana kuita mari ... dzimba dzakanaka, dzinokwanisika uye dzakanaka kune wese munhu. Zvipingamupinyi kuchinangwa ichocho zvagara zviri pasi pebhizinesi.
Kuwedzera, vatsigiri vakakwanisa kugonesa hurumende dzematunhu nemaguta kuti Taylor akarurama: musika wedzimba wega hauzombofi wakazadzisa zvinodiwa nemunhu wese munharaunda yavo. Nyika dzakaita seRhode Island, Hawaii neColorado ndizvo kuisa mari mukuvaka dzimba dzehurumende, sezvakaita nharaunda dzakaita seMontgomery County, Maryland. Hurumende pamatunhu ose ane simba rekugadzirisa dambudziko redzimba. Vanogona kukwidza mari yedzimba dzakatsigirwa nekubhadharisa dzimba dzepamusoro-soro uye fungidziro yedzimba. Ivo vanogona kudzora zvakasimba kuita-purofiti yedzimba chiitiko uye Exercise eminent domain, kunyanya pazvivakwa zvekambani zvisina munhu kana kuti zvakashungurudzika. Hurumende dzinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya zviwanikwa uye simba remabhanga eminda yeveruzhinji kuti atore zvivakwa uye kuendesa kana kuvandudza dzimba dzinodhura, uye kupasisa Community Opportunities to Purchase Act, kana COPA, mutemo, unopa kodzero yekutanga yekutenga ivhu kuvaroja nenharaunda. . Hurumende dzinobva dzapa mari yekusimudzira nekugadzirisa masangano aya kuburikidza nemasangano ezvemari edzimba.
Zvido zvevaratidziri vedzimba seizvi zvinowanzogadzirwa neizwi rekuti "kugarisana kwevanhu." Dzimba dzemagariro ndedzehurumende kana masangano asingabatsiri anopindura hutongi hwegutsaruzhinji nevagari. Iyo yakasvibiswa - yakachengetedzwa kubva pakuita purofiti yemusika wega - uye inokwanisika kwehupenyu hwechivako kana unit, pasina zuva rekupera. Imba yekugara inoona pekugara sekodzero yemunhu, kwete mudziyo kana mudziyo wekuvaka hupfumi. Kufanana nedzidzo yeruzhinji, kuchengetedzeka kweveruzhinji, hurongwa hwedu hwekutonga, uye zvivakwa zvakaita semigwagwa nemasuweji nemvura, dzimba dzekugara dzinoziva kuti nzvimbo yekugara yakanaka yakanyanya kukosha kusiiwa ichienderana nekuti mhuri ine mari yakakwana yekuvimbisa purofiti. kumuridzi wemba akazvimiririra kana kubhanga.
Apryl Lewis akabatsira kuraira iyo Center for Popular Democracy mune yayo manifesto mukutsigira kwekugara kwevanhu rakabudiswa muna Kurume wegore rino. MuMinnesota neNew York, kudzvinyirirwa kwevaratidziri kwakakonzera kuti zvivakwa zvekambani zvive kushandurwa kuva muridzi wenharaunda, nepo madhora eruzhinji edzimba dzinodhura ari kusimudzwa muSan Francisco kuburikidza mitero padzimba dzepamusoro-soro. COPA mutemo yapfuura kana kuti yakamirira munzvimbo dzakawanda nenharaunda, kusanganisira Washington DC nePortland. Kumiririra nharaunda yeBaltimore kwakabudirira kumanikidza kusikwa kwe housing trust fund, uye North Dakota, Philadelphia neCalifornia zvino vane mabhanga ehurumende kuwana mari yekugara kwevanhu.
Imwe nzira yekugara kwevanhu inonakidzwa nekukura kwazvino inzvimbo dzinochengeterwa minda munharaunda, iyo ine nhaka inodzokera kumapurojekiti evatema seNew Communities izvo yakakura kubva muboka rekodzero dzevanhu rekumaodzanyemba kweU.S. Munharaunda yekuvimba kwenyika, iyo isiri-purofiti trust inochengeta muridzi wenzvimbo apo mugari anotenga imba pairi. Mari yekutenga inodzikiswa nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwekusatenga ivhu, uye kutenga kunowanzo kutsigirwa nerubatsiro. Mukuchinjana nemutengo wakaderedzwa uye rubatsiro, mutengo wemugari wekutengesa unogumira kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti imba yacho inokwanisika zvachose. Pane zvino pamusoro pe225 nharaunda dzepasi kuvimba muU.S., nehurumende dzenzvimbo dzichivatsigira nekutora nzvimbo nezvivakwa kubva kuvaridzi vega uye kuendesa zita kumatrust kuti vagadzire nekutonga.
Chikonzero chemashure ese aya mishandirapamwe chiri nyore, anoti Dianne Enriquez, murongi wedzimba weCentre for Popular Democracy. โIsu tinongoda kukoshesa vanoroja sezvatave tichiitira varidzi vemba. Kana paine chido, zvechokwadi pane nzira. "
Nhoroondo yekubudirira kwekuratidzira kwedzimba
Nhoroondo inonakidza yekuratidzira kwedzimba inotsigira tarisiro yaEnriquez. Nyika dzakaita seFinland, France neSingapore dzine dzimba dzakachipa zvakanyanya uye kushomeka kwekushaya pekugara kupfuura iyo US. muSweden, masangano makuru muGermany yekubvuta pfuma yevaridzi vemba, vatsigiri kugara mabhangi nedzimba muSpain uye sangano rakafara resocialist muAustria.
Finland, Germany, South Africa, France, Netherlands, nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzine akagadzira kodzero dzepamutemo dzekugara uye ndokutevera zviziviso nezvirongwa zvekuona kutevedzerwa kwavo. MuScotland, somuenzaniso, iyo yakasimbisa kodzero yokuva nedzimba mubumbiro rayo nemutemo, kushayikwa pokugara โchinhu chipfupi, chisingawanzoitiki uye chisingadzokororwi,โ akanyora Eric Tars weNational Law Center pamusoro peKushaya pekugara uye Hurombo.
IU.S. ine rekodhi yayo yekubudirira kwekuratidzira kwedzimba. Kuramwa mabasa kwerendi uye kuronga nharaunda kwakatungamira Matanho ekudzora rendi mu200-pamwe nemaguta eU.S. Kushevedzera kwakagadzira manyawi yeHome Mortgage Disclosure Act muna 1975, Community Reinvestment Act muna 1977, Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act muna 2010. The St. , yakabatsira kuumba Brooke Amendment ye1969. Iyo Brooke Amendment yakavhara rendi yevagari vedzimba uye yakawedzera mari yemubatanidzwa yedzimba. Sezvimwe zvekuratidzira kwedzimba dzemuUS, kuramwa mabasa kweSt. Louis kwaive nekubatana kwakadzama nenharaunda dzechitendero. Kuramwa kwacho kwakatungamirwa nechikamu cheUnited Church of Christ mushumiri Buck Jones, uye akatsigirwa nerutsigiro rwakakura kubva kuungano dzechitendero dzeko.
Pane dingindira rakagovaniswa pakati pemafambisirwo aya: Tinokwanisa uye tinofanirwa kudzoreredza hurongwa hwedzimba kubva kune avo vane chinangwa chavo chekutora mari yakawanda sezvinobvira kubva kuvanhu vanoda denga pamusoro pemisoro yavo kuti vararame. Iri dingindira rinochengetwa naApryl Lewis paanenge achirwa padivi pevamwe vake maroja. "Kuratidzira kwedu kwakadzama, kwete mhirizhonga," akadaro. โMhirizhonga iyi ndiyo iri kuitika kumaroja aya. Mabhiri anoramba achiuya uye ari kuwedzera asi mihoro haisi." Uye Lewis akadzokorora zviri kutaurwa nevaridzi munyika yose mumisangano yeruzhinji, zviitiko zvemakambani uye kuratidzira mumigwagwa. "Pakupera kwezuva, rendi yakakwira zvakanyanya."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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