Kwemakore gumi kubva pakatanga dambudziko rechikwereti cheGreece, vanoti nyika yawana "shure netsoka dzayo” zvinoita sezvisingaenderani nechokwadi. Njodzi yechitima yaFebruary 28 muTempi, iyo yakauraya vanhu makumi mashanu nevanomwe, yakapa chiyeuchidzo chinosuruvarisa chemaitiro enyika. raparadzwa nemakore ehusterity uye kuvhunduka privatizations.
Kutsvaga chinzvimbo chitsva musarudzo dzeSvondo, bapiro rekurudyi Idzva Democracy rinotarisana nekushoropodzwa kwete nekuda kwematambudziko ehupfumi evaGreek, asiwo rekodhi yehutongi uye. kusora vadzivisi. Zvakadaro mukwikwidzi wayo mukuru, Alexis Tsipras's Syriza, ari kunetseka kuunganidza kusagutsikana kwakakurumbira. Mushure mekunge apedza kuperetera kwake muhofisi kubva 2015 kusvika 2019 achiisa hunyoro hwaakange avimbisa kuramba, muGreek akasiya anoramba akaneta zvakanyanya.
Yanis Varoufakis aive gurukota rezvemari muhurumende yekutanga inotungamirwa neSyriza, achisiya basa iri muna Chikunguru 2015 pane kutevedzera dzidziso dzeausterian. Mushoropodzi akasimba werekodhi yeSyriza, Varoufakis nhasi inhengo inotungamira yebato rekuruboshwe MeRA25, iyo anga ari MP kubva 2019. JacobinDavid Broder akataura naye nezve mhedzisiro yekusagadzikana kuGreece, hwaro hwe "kudzoreredza" kwayo kwehupfumi, uye sarudzo yebato rake.
David Broder
Musi weSvondo, the Financial Times yakaburitsa chinyorwa chakatiudza kuti, mushure memakore gumi ekubhadhara mari uye kuomerwa, Greece yakanga yawedzera. GDP ichiri 80 muzana yemazinga e2008, uye mihoro iri pasi pe75 muzana, asi kukura kwave kukurumidza uye nyika iri padanho rekuwanazve chiyero chekudyara-giredhi. Musoro wenhau wakataura zvakataurwa nemukuru weEurobank kuti uku ndiko "kuchinja kukuru muhurongwa hwemari hweEurope." Uyu mufananidzo ndewechokwadi sei?
Yanis Varoufakis
Zvinoenderana nekuti unotora maonero ani. Kana iwe uine hanya nevanhu veGreece, saka zvese izvi manyepo eOrwellian. Kana iwe uri kutarisa kuGreece semuridzi wekunze, ichokwadi.
Greece yakadzika mugomba rekutadza hupfumi nhasi kupfuura zvayaive muna 2010, apo nyika yese yezvemari - International Monetary Fund, European Central Bank, neEuropean Commission - vakati takanga tabhuroka. Kare ikako, chikwereti chedu chaive chakafanana ne295 bhiriyoni uye mari yedu € 220 bhiriyoni, nepo nhasi chikwereti chiri €400 bhiriyoni uye mari yedu yenyika, mukutaura chaiko, € 192 bhiriyoni. Zvizhinji zvezvikwereti zvedu zvine chikwereti kune troika uye kune vekunze vanoisa mari. Saka, kuvimba kwedu pamutsa wevatorwa kwakakura kupfuura nakare kose.
Chiverengero chavagari vapasi cheGreece nhasi chine, paavhareji, 20 muzana mipimo yokurarama yakaderera kupfuura muna 2010; kana ukatarisa boka rinoshanda, kuderedzwa kweGDP per capita i45 percent. Kana zviri zvechikwereti chebazi rakazvimirira, vangangoita mamirioni maviri kubva pamamiriyoni gumi evaGiriki vane kusaenzana kwakashata uye zvikwereti zvisingaite. Irekodhi renyika: hazvina kumboitika muUS muna 2008-09, panguva yedambudziko remari yemongi.
Asi sei ndinobvuma kuti kubva pakuona kwevanoita mari kunze kwenyika, Greece iri kuita zvirinani kupfuura chero imwe nyika? Zvakanaka, zvisungo zvehurumende zviri kutengeserana pa 3.6 kusvika 3.7 muzana goho - yakanaka kwazvo yakapararira pamusoro peGerman pa2.2 kusvika 2.3 muzana. Wese munhu anoziva kuti nyika yeGreek haina mari uye zvisungo hazvina maturo. Saka, nei vachizvitenga? IEuropean Central Bank (ECB) yakazivisa kuti ichatsigira maGreek bond. Isarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika kuzivisa Greece kuti yakanyungudika, sezvakangoita sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika kuti itaure kuti haina hupfumi muna 2010. Christine Lagarde nevamwe vake vari kugutsurira musoro uye kuchonya kune vanoisa mari.
Sei iyo ECB yakamira kumashure kwezvisungo, kana isina muna 2012 kana 2015? Makore achangopfuura akaona nyika yekutanga, nzira yekubvisa hupfumi kubva kune vakabhuroka. Masimba aripo akatanga iyo inonzi chirongwa cheHercules, kutora zvisungo kubva mumabhuku emabhangi uye kuzvitengesa kune vulture mari iri muCayman Islands. Ivo ndevamwe vevashambadziri vekune dzimwe nyika, chikamu chevanhu vanomhanyisa mabhangi eGreek, chikamu kumhuri dzakawedzerwa dzeboka rezvematongerwo enyika. Vanogona, semuenzaniso, kutenga chikwereti chisingaiti che €100,000 asi ne3,000 chete. Havatarisiri kuwana mari yacho zvakare; asi kana vakakwanisa kutengesa chibvumirano che €50,000 vakabvisa € 47,000 murendi kumaCaymans pasina kubhadhara sendi remutero. Izvi zvinogona kutora mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe emadhora kubva kuhupfumi hwepasi-70-bhiriyoni pagore.
Saka, zvinogona kunzwika segangaidzo kuti vezvenhau vezvemari vari kurumbidza hupfumi hune masangano ehurumende neakazvimirira ari kubhuroka kupfuura kare. Asi kuona mabhenefiti evekunze anogona kutora kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, hachisi gangaidzo. Girisi ihanzi rinokandira mazai egoridhe: mibairo yakadai haipo kumwe kumwe. Kutanga, chirongwa ichi cheHercules, chakapasiswa neparamende yeGreek, chinovimbisa mari shoma ye23 bhiriyoni. Nyika yeGreek - uye nekudaro iyo ECB pachayo - inomira kuseri kwezvido zvemagora, kana ikasakwanisa kutora zvakakwana mukudzingwa.
David Broder
Muna Ndira, iwe wakadana Syriza, New Democracy, uye Pasok mapato e "Memorandum Arc" - vachitaura kuti vakanga vachifuratira chokwadi chokuti ani naani ari kutonga pakupera kwemakore gumi achamanikidzwa kukwereta zvakare. Asi ndedzipi nzira iyo Greece yakanyura zvakanyanya mukutsamira pazvikwereti zveEurope kubvira 2015? Hapana here zvimwe zvinhu zvekukura patsva, semuenzaniso mukuvaka kana kushanya?
Yanis Varoufakis
Zvatiri kuona kusabvisa mari - mari iri kushandiswa nenzira uye muzvikamu izvo kuderera kugona kugadzirwa kwenyika ino.
Hurumende nevezvenhau vekunze vari kupemberera kuwedzera kwemari yekunze (FDI), uye iri kuwedzera zvechokwadi. Asi chii chinoita pamitengo? Homwe yemagora inounza €3,000 yekutenga €100,000 yechikwereti inoverengwa seFDI. Asi kuri kungounza mari shoma kuti iburitse mari yakawanda kuburikidza nekubvisa. Haisiyi kana tambo imwe chete yemari inobereka.
Mauto emuganho weFrontex ari kudzosera vanhu kumahombekombe eGreece, zvichikonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda mugungwa. Asi kuburikidza neGoridhe Visa system, tiri kupa mavhiza eSchengen [inobvumira kutenderera kwemahara munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurope] kune chero munhu anounza €250,000. Zvakare, iyi haisi mari inobudirira. Munharaunda yedhorobha rangu vari kutenga dzimba dzekuti dziite maAirbnb. Izvi hazvivake capital stock, asi zvinotora zvivakwa kubva kumusika wedzimba, sezvo zvisisawanikwe pakurenda, uye zvinosundira vagari veko kunze. Vanhu vanobva kuUkraine kana Russia kana China kana Nigeria vanoshandisa mavhiza avo eSchengen kuti vasagare muGreece asi kuti vatamire kuFrance kana kuGermany. Mari yevashanyi veUS inoenda kubva kuAmerican bank account kuenda kuGerman; saka, mari inodarika Greece zvachose uku ichiwedzerawo rendi yevagari veko. Saka, mari iyi ndeye chinangwa chekuwana purofiti kubva kune zvivakwa, zvikwereti zvisingaite, uye kushambadzira zvinokanganisa hupfumi hunobudirira.
Tinogona zvakare kutora muenzaniso wekuparara kwenjanji kwakafa vanhu makumi mashanu nevanomwe. Nhengo dzeMeRA25 dzeparamende dzakanga dzafanotaura nezvenjodzi yekubiridzira. Kambani yechitima yeGreek yakatengeswa kuItaly state njanji femu Ferrovie dello Stato nemamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu emadhora muna 45, asi pakanga pasina mari, uye pachinzvimbo cheGreek nyika yakazvipira kubhadhara mamirioni gumi nemashanu erubatsiro rwepagore rweAthens-Thessaloniki mutsara. Hwaiva hutsotsi hwakakwana.
Pamusoro pekutaura kwese pamusoro peEU Next Generation mari, kugoverwa kwemari kwakazara uye kwakashata. Iyo inogona kuenda kune oligarchs, avo vasiri kuwedzera mari, kana kubhengi system. Zvatakaona, kubvira Tsipras akakanda mapfumo pasi muna 2015, inoramba ichipamba, kuyedza kwakakura mumhando dzakasiyana dzekubvisa rendi. Pakarepo mushure medenda ndakati homwe yekudzoreredza yaive macroeconomically isingakoshi; kana vamwe vakataura nezve a Hamiltonian nguva, zvamazvirokwazvo kwakanga kuri kufa kwechirongwa chipi nechipi chemubatanidzwa wezvemari.
David Broder
Chii chaigona kuita hurumende yeGreece zvakasiyana?
Yanis Varoufakis
MeRA25 ndiyo yega bato rine chirongwa chakazara, modular, multidimensional chirongwa chehurumende, hurongwa hwehupfumi, hwemagariro, uye hwezvakatipoteredza hunopa imwe nzira kune inodaidzwa kuti Memoranda yeKunzwisisa iyo iri kutonga nzvimbo muno muGreece.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru ibhengi rine veruzhinji kutsiva Hercules uye kumisa kutenga nekutengesa zvikwereti zvisingaite pamisika yechipiri. Asi, bhanga iri - rinonzi Odysseus - raizonyoresa zvikwereti izvi uye robvumira avo vane imba kana chitoro chidiki kana purazi panjodzi kuti vadzivise kuvharirwa, kutorwa, uye kutengesa zvinhu zvavo, nemubhadharo mudiki usingapfuure chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu chezvavanoraswa. mari.
Mabhangi aizopa zvikwereti zvakaipa kuOdysseus, iyo yaizobva yaamisa kuburikidza nekupihwa kwebhondi. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuti kana mitengo yezvivakwa ichinge yadarika kukosha kweiyo zvikwereti zvechando, ipapo panogona kuita nhaurirano pakati pevakwereta neOdysseus. Vaisazorasikirwa nemugove wavakabhadhara kare. Izvi zvaizomisa kuendeswa kwehupfumi kuCayman Islands uye njodzi yemagariro inokonzerwa nekubviswa.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chine chekuita nesimba. Giridhi yemagetsi yakave yakavanzika uye iri mumaoko emaoligarchs akatenga zvakasara zvebhodhi remagetsi eruzhinji. Chirongwa chedu chinotaridza kufambiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwevagadziri vemagetsi uye vanogovera, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mutengo wesimba haupfuure avhareji mutengo wekugadzira.
Pashure pokunge ndabva mubazi rezvemari, “superfund” yakaisirwa kutarisira pfuma yehurumende. Iyi inyaya yakasarudzika munhoroondo yenyika: sezvo iri yakananga troika-inodzorwa, zvinhu zveGreece zviri pamutemo, zviri pamutemo zvinodzorwa nemasimba ekunze, rudzi rwakaipisisa rweneo-neocolonialism. Tiri kukurudzira kuti hupfumi hwaro huparadzwe uye kuti midziyo yose yehurumende iendeswe kubhanga idzva rekusimudzira veruzhinji. Hukuru hwayo hwaizogadzira rwizi rwekudyara, kusanganisira yegirinhi shanduko uye kurima organic.
Imwe sangano yatinokurudzira ndeyemahara, yedhijitari yekubhadhara system, yakavakirwa pasoftware yehofisi yemutero yeGreek. Vanhu vaigona kugamuchira uye kuita mubhadharo zvichienderana nenhamba yavo yekusevha mutero, zvine mutsindo hurongwa hwekutengesa kunze kweECB, mabhengi akazvimirira, Mastercard, kana Visa. Kunyangwe yaizochengetedza € 2 bhiriyoni gore rega rega, ichi chirevo chine gakava nekuti yakazvimirira kubva kuECB, iyo yaizotadza kukanganisa hurongwa hwebhangi reGreek sezvayakaita muna 2015.
Zvakare, isu tinokurudzira kubviswa kwemakambani anotengeserana nevashandi vevanhu, iyo yakatekeshera nzira yekuhaya kuburikidza nepakati. Isu taizodzikisa VAT kubva pamakumi maviri neina kusvika pagumi neshanu muzana uye nekudzikisa mutero wemabhizinesi madiki kubva pamakumi maviri nemaviri kusvika gumi muzana, tichiwedzera mutero wekambani kubva pamakumi maviri nemaviri kusvika makumi matatu muzana. Mari yehutano nedzidzo nhasi yakaderera zvikuru, uye inoda kupetwa kaviri. Mune izvi zvose, isu hatisi kuvimbisa chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kubhadharwa, asi chirongwa chekurwisa-austerity.
David Broder
Rondedzero yako yesarudzo dzeSvondo, inozivikanwa seMeRA25-Alliance for Rupture, inosanganisira Yakakurumbira Unity, uye nekudaro mafambiro anofarira kuzorora kubva kueurozone kana kunyange EU pachayo. Ndechipi chinowirirana chaunacho pamubvunzo uyu, uye zvinorevei pakuita chirongwa chako?
Yanis Varoufakis
NeKubatana Kwakakurumbira, isu takave nemusiyano wehunyanzvi uye kusvika pamwero wakati wezano. Yakanga iine sechinangwa chekubuda kubva kueurozone. Takafunga kuti rakanga risiri pfungwa yakanaka, mune zveupfumi kana zvematongerwo enyika. Hongu, euro imari inotyisa, haishande, uye yapedza mweya weGirisi neItaly. Asi isu takafunga kuisa chinangwa chekubuda kweEurozone pamberi hazvina musoro mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kubuda kuchauya nemutengo wakakura.
Zvakaitika mugore rapfuura ndezvekuti shamwari dzedu muPopular Unity dzauya pachinzvimbo chedu, dzichibatana pachinzvimbo cheMeRA25. Icho chiri chokwadi zvakare, zvisinei, ndechekuti kubvira 2015-16, eurozone haina kumbotadza kupotsa mukana wekuita kuti hupfumi hweeuro hushande. Kuti ishande, mubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika uye wezvemari waizodikanwa.
Dambudziko, nhasi, nderekuti eurozone haikundiki uye haigoneki. Saka, isu tinofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekuita kana euro ikanyungudika yega. Zvingave zvakapusa kufungidzira kuti iyo Bundesbank yeGerman haina chirongwa chekudhinda maDeutschmarks, kana zvaifanira. Zvakangofanana nemutemo wekunze: zvingave zvisizvo kwatiri isu kusava nehurongwa kana mutungamiri weTurkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan apinda muRhodes mangwana, kunyangwe isu tisingatarisiri kuti zviitike.
Isu takashinga mukusimbirira kuti euro-kubuda haisi chinangwa chemutemo. Asi panguva iyo euro isingagone kugadzikana, Demeter yedu - yedu yedhijitari, yeruzhinji yekubhadhara system - ine mbiri dzakasiyana. Zvinotibvumira kufema zviri nani uye zvakasununguka mukati eurozone. Uye, kana chinodikanwa chakaiswa patiri, chinogona kushandiswa senzira inoenda kune chimwe chinhu.
David Broder
Kunyangwe iri kuseri kweNew Democracy musarudzo, Syriza iri kutarisira kuumba hurumende. Munguva pfupi yapfuura hurukuro yeStar TV, Tsipras akati Pasok neMeRA25 vangave nesarudzo shoma kunze kwekutsigira bato ravo muhofisi, pane kurega Greece ichitungamira sarudzo dzekudzokorora. Pane migariro ipi neipi here yaungatsigira hurumende yakadaro?
Yanis Varoufakis
Kwemakore maviri, semugumisiro wekongiresi yeMeRA25, bato redu rave nemutemo wekudaidza hutungamiriri hweSyriza kuti vagare vakatenderedza tafura, pasina zviga. Ndiko, kuti tiise parutivi ruveve rwose uye kusiyana kwedu kwakapfuura, kukudza hurongwa hwedu hwekuenzanisa-kumiririrwa kwesarudzo uye kuongorora tarisiro yekusangana kunogona kuita kuti nzanga iyi ibudirire zvakare uye kugumisa kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwevakawanda.
Mukurudziro iyi takataurawo nezve — zvisingarambiki — nyaya yekuti bumbiro remutemo reGreece harititenderi kuita zvinoitika kuGermany kana kuItaly, uko mapato anogarira tafura kwemwedzi mitatu mushure mezuva resarudzo kudzamara abuda nezvaanofunga. chirongwa chehurumende chinoshanda. Mangwanani eMuvhuro unouya, mumwe munhu achawana mukana wekuyedza kuumba hurumende neChitatu manheru munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mukati memazuva mashoma aya, hazvingaite kuita chero hurukuro chaiyo inogona kutungamira kuhurongwa hwehurumende hunofambira mberi. Saka, kwemakore maviri apfuura takadana Syriza kuti iite hurukuro nesu.
Tsipras akati kwete — kuti tichazoita nhaurirano mushure meSvondo pachaitwa sarudzo. Isu tinoti: kwete, kana iwe ukamirira kusvika Svondo yesarudzo, isu hatizotauri mushure meizvozvo, nekuti zvese zvauchaita ndezvekutipa hushumiri huviri kana hutatu mukutsinhana kuti isu tive takabatana mukutonga kwe oligarchs. Uye maoligarchs zvirokwazvo haadi manifesto: vane Memoranda, vane mafemu avo emutemo, vanotonga nekubira.
Hatisi kuzoenda kuvanhu tichiti, “tivhoterai kuti tipedze chitsotsi chezvikwereti zvisingaite, tipedze musika wemagetsi, tigadzirise uye tigadzirise njanji dzedu dzakatora hupenyu hwevanhu makumi mashanu nenomwe,” kuti neMuvhuro mangwanani tigadzirise. vanogona kugamuchira hushumiri hushoma.
David Broder
NeMuvhuro, ndakapinda musangano muLondon, uko munyori wezvemukati meUnited Kingdom, Suella Braverman akataura Greece pamwe chete neBritain, Poland, Italy, neDenmark senyika dziri kutora mutsara wakaoma pakutama. Mubvunzurudzo na mufananidzoMutungamiriri wenyika, VaKyriakos Mitsotakis vakadaidzira kuti EU iwane mari yekuvhara muganhu wemuganho wese weTurkey. Kana Democracy yake Itsva dzimwe nguva ichifananidzwa, zvakanyanya kuipa, naViktor Orbán's Fidesz muHungary, nenzira ipi iri kunze, kana kuti chikamu chekugadzirisa zvakare kweKurudyi?
Yanis Varoufakis
Mitsotakis akaisa simba rake pamusanganiswa weiyo radical centrism, troika-taura, uye ultranationalism. Ihurumende yevaneoliberal inotora mitemo yetroika, uye yevaneofascists vanoratidza vatorwa nevaMuslim sa "Satani." Ndiwo maratidziro avanoita vanhu vakapererwa vachinzvenga hondo nenzara, vanoedza kuyambukira muGreece.
Ndakaita nhamo yekugara kuAustralia kuma1990, Britain neTexas mukutanga kwa2010. Mitsotakis ane chimwe chinhu chemutungamiri weAustralia, John Howard, mutungamiri wekutanga kufungidzira nekuita mutemo wakashata wekutora vapoteri vanosvika kumahombekombe enyika uye kupa chiokomuhomwe kune imwe nyika yevarombo yekunze kuti vavaise mumisasa yevasungwa. Ane chimwe chinhu cheBraverman; chokwadi, EU yave nemakore ichipa mari mhuka dzemuLibya kuchengetedza vapoteri mumisasa yevasungwa pakati peSahara.
Iyewo ari mini-Trump, achitora rusvingo rwemuganhu kuchamhembe kweGreece sechiratidzo chehukuru hwenyika uye kudada. Chii chakasiyana? Kuti akaivaka chaizvo, uye anotora mifananidzo yake pamberi pemadziro. Vaimbova makomuredhi muSyriza vanomupomera kuti aive vhezheni yechiGiriki yaViktor Orbán (asi kwete Trump - zvirokwazvo, Tsipras aive nehukama hwakanaka hwekushanda naye semutungamiri). Zvinonyadzisa, Tsipras, zvakare, akataura zvakajeka kuti ari kufarira fence yemuganhu - mutsauko chete uri pamusoro pekuti mari yacho inofanira kubva kuEU.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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