Kusarudzwa patsva kwemutungamiri wenyika kunotevedzana hakusi pamutemo zvichienderana nebumbiro renyika shanu dzeCentral America, asi izvi hazvina kumisa kukwira kwehudzvanyiriri mudunhu iri. El Salvador ndiyo nyika yazvino kutyora bumbiro remitemo.
Manheru, zvichitevera mhemberero dzemakore makumi maviri nerimwe erusununguko rweEl Salvador kubva kuSpain, mutungamiri wenyika Nayib Bukele. zvakaziviswa achange achikwikwidza musarudzo dzegore ra2024.
"Ndiri kuzivisa kuvanhu veSalvador kuti ndafunga kukwikwidza semutungamiri wenyika," Bukele. akati to a kumira ovation uye kufara muSan Salvador musi waSeptember 15. โNyika dzakabudirira dzine sarudzo zvakare. Uye nekuda kwekugadziriswa kutsva kwedemocracy institution yenyika yedu, ikozvino El Salvador ichaita, zvakare. "
Ichi chiziviso hachiuyi sechishamiso kune vanoongorora. Kubva pavakatora chigaro muna Chikumi 2019, wechidiki wepopulist akawedzera kutora matanho ekubatanidza simba. Uye kuedza kwake kunopindirana nemafambiro akafanana ekugadzirisa nzira yekusarudzwazve nevamwe vatungamiriri veCentral America.
"Kune hanya nenhoroondo yeCentral America pachayo, kunyanya zvakaitika nguva pfupi yadarika neNicaragua neHonduras," Ricardo Castaneda, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi uye muongorori weCentral American Fiscal Studies Institute, kana ICEFI, anoudza. The Progressive. Zvakangofanana modus operandi umo matare edzimhosva anosimbisa kuti panogona kuitwa sarudzo zvakare zvisinei nekuti bumbiro remitemo pacharo rinotaura kuti [hapana kusarudzwazve].
"Izvi zvinogonawo kuonekwa sezvo midziyo yese yehurumende yakarongeka kuti ikunde sarudzo, kwete kutonga," anowedzera.
Chiziviso chaBukele zvinopesana chirevo chake muna 2013 chekuti aitsigira bumbiro remitemo uye matanho anorambidza kusarudzwa zvakare kwakatevedzana, nekuda kwekutyira kutyisidzira kwedemocracy mudunhu rave richitambudzwa nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri.
Semutungamiri kubva muna Chikumi 2019, Bukele akatora akawanda zviito zvehutongi. Muna 2020, iye kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo varwi vakapakatira zvombo kuti vatyisidzire vamiriri vemitemo kuti vabvumire kushandiswa kwekuchengetedza. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, akamanikidza a kurongazve vedare repamusorosoro reSupreme Court, vachidzinga vatongi varo vashanu vobva varongedza bhenji nevamwe vavo. Zvichitevera danho iri, dare akatonga munaGunyana 2021 kuti Bukele aigona kukwikwidza musarudzo zvakare kunyangwe kurambidzwa kuri mubumbiro renyika.
Mushure mezvose izvi, Bukele anoramba achinakidzwa mazinga akakwirira yerutsigiro rweveruzhinji muEl Salvador.
"Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakaita kuti arambe achizivikanwa imhaka yekudzikira kwehutsotsi," Hector Lindo Fuentes, purofesa akasiya basa weNhoroondo paFordham University muNew York uye ane nhoroondo yeSalvador. Youtube channel, rinotaurira the Progressive. โKudzorwa kwezvikwata zvematsotsi kwakabatana nemitemo โinoremaโ yekumisa vimbiso dzebumbiro remitemo kuitira kuti vapinze mujeri vose vanofungidzirwa kuva vezvikwata zvematsotsi, vachityora kodzero dzemazana nemazana evanhu dziri mubumbiro remutemo.โ
"Izvi zvinoonekwa sekuti, midziyo yese yenyika yakarongeka kuti ikunde musarudzo, kwete kutonga."
Kubva munaKurume 2022, El Salvador yanga iri pasi pe Nyika yeEmergency izvo zvinobvumira mauto nemapurisa kurwisa zvikwata zvematsotsi, zvichiita kuti makumi ezviuru zvevechidiki vasungwe, vazhinji vavo vanobva kunzvimbo dzinotambira mari shoma. Chiziviso ichi chakauya mushure mekuuraya vanhu vanopfuura makumi manomwe mumazuva maviri mumwedzi iwoyo. Mumwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, hutongi hwaBukele hwakaenderera mberi kubvumidza kuwedzera mamiriro enjodzi.
Vanoongorora kodzero dzevanhu vakaita akapiwa mhosva izvi, zvichiratidza kutyorwa kukuru kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakaitika pasi pechiziviso. Asi kutyora uku chikamu chenhoroondo yekuvakwa kwehutongi muEl Salvador.
Bukele haasi mutungamiri wekutanga weSalvador kutsvaga sarudzo zvakare, kunyangwe kurambidzwa kwavepo kubva pabumbiro renyika ra1886.
"Kwagara kuine kuyedza kwevatungamiri kuti vaenderere mberi mubumbiro remutemo kuti sarudzo dziitwe," Lindo Fuentes anodaro.. "Yave iri dingindira rinodzokororwa rakashorwa nevanhu."
Mutungamiri wekupedzisira kusarudzwa zvakare aive mudzvanyiriri Maximiliano Hernรกndez Martรญnez, anopfuura makore makumi manomwe nemashanu apfuura. maererano kuna Lindo Fuentes, Hernรกndez Martรญnez akabatanidza masimba muma1930, uye paakangotonga mapazi ese ehurumende, akadzokorora bumbiro remitemo kuti abvumire kusarudzwa kwake zvakare.
Asi chiyero ichi hachina kuramba chiri mubumbiro reSalvador kwenguva refu. Hernรกndez Martรญnez akamanikidzwa kubva pachigaro zvichitevera kubvuta masimba kwemauto uye kumukira kwemukurumbira muna 1944. Hurumende yakatevera zvakare yakarambidza kusarudzwa patsva mubumbiro remitemo yenyika.
Asi El Salvador parizvino yakagadzirira kugamuchira vatongi vatsva, se tsvakurudzo yakaitwa neJesuit Central America University muSan Salvador yakaratidza. VaSalvador vakabvunzurudzwa vanogamuchira kana kuda mhinduro dzehutongi kumatambudziko mazhinji ayo nyika yakatarisana nawo semhirizhonga yezvikwata.
"Vagari vemuEl Salvador vave vachitaura kwemakore akawanda kuti havangafariri kuva nehutongi hwehutongi chero bedzi matambudziko avo agadziriswa," anodaro Castaneda. "Uye zvakadaro hurumende iyi, kunyangwe haina kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji nenzira chaiyo, inogadzira fungidziro yainogona."
Kusarudzwa patsva kwevatungamiri kwave kuwanda muCentral America mukati memakore gumi apfuura. Bukele haasiye wekutanga wehurumende kupikisa bumbiro remitemo mudunhu.
Nicaragua, pasi pehutongi hwaDaniel Ortega, ine akapa bhuku rekutamba yevadzvanyiriri vatsva mudunhu rese. Muna 2011 na2014, Nicaragua yakaita nhevedzano ye kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remitemo iyo yakabvisa miganho yenguva yemukuru wenyika.
Shanduko idzi dzakapa kuti Ortega arambe akabatirira pachigaro kubva paakasarudzwa zvakare chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika muna 2007. Shanduko idzi dzakauyawo panguva iyo nyika yakaona kuwanda kwemasimba. kumativi Ortega, aimbova mutungamiri weSandinista guerrilla, nemukadzi wake Rosario Murillo, akagadzwa semutevedzeri wemutungamiri naOrtega muna 2017.
Ortega ashandisa hudzvanyiriri hwehutsinye kudzika kuratidzira achipikisa hurumende yake uye anyararidza vanopikisa kuburikidza nekusunga vatungamiriri nevamiriri pamberi pesarudzo dza2021, idzo dzaakakunda zviri nyore. Somugumisiro, vatsigiri vakawanda uye vezvematongerwo enyika vakaita kumanikidzwa muutapwa kana kuti akatarisana nemhosva.
Muna 2017, Mutungamiriri weHonduran, Juan Orlando Hernรกndez webato riri kure-kurudyi reNyika akashandisa mutongo weDare Repamusoro-soro-waibvumira mukuru wenyika kuti afunge nezvesarudzo-kutanga uye kuhwina mushandirapamwe wesarudzo. Mukuita kudaro, akatyora chinyorwa 41 yebumbiro remitemo yenyika, iro rinorambidza kusarudzwa zvakare kwemutungamiri wenyika kana mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika.
Kusarudzwazve zvisiri pamutemo kwaHernรกndez kwakasangana nako akapararira kuratidzira muHonduras, kutungamirira kuuraya, kuita hutsotsi, uye kutama kwevanhu vakawanda. Bato reNational rakarasikirwa nemushandirapamwe muna 2021 kumumiriri wekuruboshwe Xiomara Castro. Hernรกndez akazodaro extradited muna Kukadzi 2022 kuenda kuUnited States kunotarisana nemhosva yekurangana kutengesa zvinodhaka.
Bukele akanyatso kufemerwa kubva kuhurumende yeOrtega kubatanidzwa kwesimba muNicaragua, Lindo Fuentes anodaro. Asi Bukele akamhanyisa maitiro, uye zvematongerwo enyika kushorwa muEl Salvador anga asina kusimba kuti asangane nedhiraivha yake yehutongi.
Tichifunga zvakaitika kuNicaragua, Lido Fuentes anowedzera, "Ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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