Kutsvaga pasi rose uye munhoroondo yevanhu vanogarisana zvakanaka kunoburitsa zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa. Mumwe anthropologist, anozivikanwa, ane masimba masimba, achangobva kufa, munyori akatengesa zvakanyanya uye muvambi wesangano reOccupy paZuccotti Park, David Graeber, akawana nyika yakadaro muMadagascar, mumisha yevapambi vezana ramakore regumi nenomwe negumi nemasere, kunyora zvaakaona mubhuku mushure mekufa, Pirate Kuvhenekerwa, Kana iyo chaiyo Libertlia. Uyu mufananidzo wekunyangarika kunenge-utopia haisi yekufungidzira; Graeber anoitsanangura zvakadzama, asi mhedziso haidzivisiki: vagari vemumaguta aya echiteshi chemahara vaive nerusununguko rwakawanda kupfuura avhareji yako yezana ramakore remakumi maviri nerimwechete American prole inomhanyisa maawa akawanda kune monopoly corporation. Ivo zvakare vanoita sekunge vakanakidzwa nemufaro wakawanda, munoziva, chinhu icho isu vanhu vekuAmerica tinofungidzirwa kuti takasununguka kutevera.
Vaive nedemocracy yakawanda zvakare: sarudzo dzakakakavadzana uye ruzhinji rwakatonga, kusiyana nenyika ino, uko vagari vanotaura zvavanoda kuburikidza nemvumo, asi neimwe nzira kana vamiriri vavo vasvika muguta guru vanhu chete vavanoteerera ndivo vanopa, uye ivo chete. vakapfuma kwazvo, ipapo. Vapambi vemahombekombe eAfrica vaive vasina matambudziko akadaro. Dai chero ani zvake ane hudzvinyiriri oligarch werudzi rwunotonga nyika kubva kuWashington akaoneka muMadagascar, makororo angadai akagura huro yake. Pavakaita sarudzo nenzira yegutsaruzhinji, yakaitwa.
Zvinoratidzwa nebhuku iri ndezvekuti rusununguko rwedu rwunonzi rusununguko uye inonzi demokrasi yakaita sei. Inozviita nekungotaura nezvematambudziko edu azvino asi ichigadzira nyika yaivepo mazana emakore apfuura isina matambudziko iwayo, uye kunyangwe ichizviita nemidziyo. yeanthropology uye nhoroondo, zvakare inopa masimba anotsanangura emunyori wenovherosi. Iwo mavara ari munhoroondo iyi, zvisinei, aivepo chaizvo, uye vaive nehutongi hwakakura uye rusununguko rwekuita izvo isu tinopa varanda vanogona chete godo.
Iyi tsika yemapirate yakafadza Graeber, uye nekupa zvaakaita, izvo hazvishamise. Mipiro yaGraeber yetsika nezvematongerwo enyika yakakurisa, chimwe chinhu chakaratidzwa nerufu rwake rwakanga ruri 2020 muVenice aine makore 59. Zvinyorwa zvake zvine hungwaru nezvechikwereti uye kuratidzira kwake kweOccupy kwakapesvedzera vanhu pasi rose. NaOccupy akabatsira kutanga bato repasirese reruboshwe kurwisa kusaenzana. Uye iri bhuku idzva, rakafa rinoratidza mamwe mavambo ekufunga kwake kusingawanzoitiki, izvo, zvinoratidzawo kuomarara kweanthropologist achiita basa remumunda uye munyori wenhoroondo akanyura mumagwaro eChiedza.
Graeber anotarisa nzanga yakapfuura yeMadagascar yaanoongorora semusha weEnlightenment kuedza zvematongerwo enyika, kuitira kuti chinangwa chake ndecheku "funga nezvenhoroondo yevapambi muMadagascar ... Anocherekedza kuti "vagari venzvimbo dzemapirate kubva muna 1697 vawedzera kuvengana nekutengeswa kwenhapwa" - hazvishamise, tichifunga nezvemaitiro ehutongi hwemakororo, kusiyana nengano dzavo. "Pangarava dzevapari vengarava, zvaive nyore kukudziridza mukurumbira wevakuru vane masimba ese uye veropa kuti vavhunduke vekunze, kunyangwe, mukati, sarudzo zhinji dzakaitwa nevhoti yeruzhinji."
Iyo anthropologist inobvuma kupindirwa nenharaunda iyi. โMumwe angadana ngano dzevapambi, ipapoka, chimiro chinokosha zvikuru chekutaura kwokudetemba kwakabudiswa neboka revakuru vakuru veNorth Atlantic rakasimukira iro kushandiswa kwaro kwakaisa hwaro hwechinjo yamaindasitiri.โ Graeber anocherekedzawo nechido kuti โtsika dzegutsaruzhinji dzakanga dzisati dzamboitikaโ dzavapambi. Sanganisa izvozvo nehuwandu hwechikadzi, hushingi uye hukasha hwevagari venzvimbo, uye chimwe chinhu chisina kumbonzwika chaizoitika. Kunyangwe Graeber asingashandisi izwi rekuti feminism, icho chiri pachena chikamu chezvaari kutaura nezvazvo, nekuti izvo zvinogara zvichibatanidzwa apo vakadzi vanobata magumo avo uye kubata kutonga kwehupenyu hwavo nekuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Vakadzi vakadaro havana kuvhundutsa makororo. Zvakatopesana.
Vakadzi ava vaida kutengeserana vakasununguka, kuroorana nevekune dzimwe nyika uye kushandisa vana vavo kugadzira hutongi hutsva, uye kuuya kwevapambi vaida rusununguko kwakaita kuti vadaro. "Mugumisiro wekutanga wekuonekwa kwevapambi," Graeber anonyora, "kwaive kubvumira nhamba huru yevakadzi vane chido, kunyanya vedzinza rakakurumbira ... kuti vatore kutonga kwehupfumi hwavo nekubatana, uye, nevapambi, kugadzira zvinobudirira. maguta ane chiteshi chezvikepe aifanira kutonga nhoroondo yakatevera yemhenderekedzo yegungwa.โ (Izvi zvaibatanidza kuputsa simba revarevereri vekare, Zafy Ibrahim.) Vana veroorano yakadaro pakati pemakororo nomukadzi womunzvimbomo vaikosha zvikuru kuiri nhamburiko, โuye kiyi yebudiriro yaizova kuva nechokwadi chokuti ivo zvikurukuru vanoroora mumwe nomumwe (kana kuti. vamwe vatorwa). Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika.
Saka, vakadzi venzvimbo vane chishuvo, makororo akaenzana uye rumwe ruzivo rweEuropean Enlightenment maitiro akagadzira tsika isingawanzo uye nzanga. Asi zvese zviri zvitatu zvakapindirana sei? Chokutanga uye chakakosha, cheGraeber, kuburikidzanhaurirano. MaPirates "mungarava ... vakaita zvinhu zvavo nekukurukurirana, kutaurirana uye nharo." Madagascar uye Enlightenment society yakaratidzawo nzira iyi. Saka Graeber anobva agadza Madagascar semusha weEnlightenment zvematongerwo enyika. Kugara kweMadagascar "kunoratidzika kunge kwaive kuedza kwekuzvifungira kuburitsa iyo modhi [yehutongi hwejekerere pagungwa] panyika, nenyaya dzemusango dzehumambo hwemakororo kutyisa vangangove shamwari dzekunze kana vavengi, zvichifananidzwa nekunyatso kuvandudza kwekuita kwehungwaru mukati. Asi kugara kwevapambi, vachizvibatanidza nevakadzi vechiMalagasy vanoda chinzvimbo, vachitanga mhuri, kwakavakwevera munyika yokukurukura yakasiyana zvachose.โ
MaPirates handiwo ega akaita ongororo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Graeber akadarowo, naOccupy, apo iye nevamwe vakazunungusa nhaurirano pamusoro pekusaenzana kwehupfumi muchikamu chepasi rose. Hurukuro iyoyo yakakurudzira kurwa muUS kwemadhora gumi nemashanu paawa yakaderera muhoro, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Sekureva kwaMichael Levitin, muAtlantic munaGunyana 15, kunyangwe sangano rakanyangarika, "nhaka yaro iri kwese kwese." Varatidziri veZuccotti vakazivisa kuti: "Isu tiri 2021 muzana," uye vazhinji vekuAmerica vakabvumirana, maererano nesarudzo dzakaratidza rutsigiro rwakakura rweOccupy, zvisinei nekuzvidzwa kwaVaObama uye nekukurudzira kwehutongi hwavo hwekurwiswa nevakuru pairi. Vanhu vekuAmerica, kazhinji, vakabvumirana neshanduko iyi munhaurirano yenyika, iyo yakabatsira anthropologist ane shungu, anthropologist uyo ane chipangamazano wechiremba aive nemukurumbira Marshall Sahlins uye akaita basa rake rekuferefeta midzi yekuenzana, feminism uye democracy muMadagascar.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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