Zvikonzero nei dzidzo yeruzhinji iri nyaya yakangoerekana yave nyaya kunyangwe makore ekuregeredzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvenhau akatwasuka. Muiyi upfumi hwakaora mwoyo zvibvumikiso zvinoratidzika kuva zvakarasikirwa nomukana wazvo. Vabereki nevezvematongerwo enyika vakawanda vanoti zvikoro zvatadza kuendesa zvinodiwa nevadzidzi. Kune fungidziro yakapararira yokuti kusagona kurava nokunyora kuri kuwedzera, zvichireva, nokuda kwomumwe, kuti vanhu vashomanene vanogona kurava magwaro akaoma. Uye mhedzisiro yeNo Child Left Behind ine dhizaini yakakwira-stakes yakamisikidzwa kuyedzwa kwave kuodza moyo, kutaura zvishoma.
Vadzidzisi vepamusoro nevatsinhanisi vanoyambira kuti United States, yaimbova mutungamiri pakati pemasangano epamusoro-soro muhuwandu hwekupedza kudzidza, yawira pachinzvimbo chechi12 uye ichiri kudonha. Vazhinji vari kutyira kuti dzidzo yave nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Vamwewo vanoti injini dzehupfumi hwepasi rose isvomhu nesainzi uye nyika ino iri kuita vashoma vakadzidzira dzidziso dzefizikisi, chemist, biologist, masvomhu nemacomputer science.
Dzimwe hwamanda semhinduro dzakajairwa neoliberal bromides - charter zvikoro uye purofiti yakazvimirira zvikoro pamatanho ese edzidzo. Asi, maererano nezvidzidzo zvakawanda, zvikoro izvi hazviwanzo rarama zvinoenderana neiyo hype. Vamwe vakaramba kuedza kwenguva refu kweAmerica nedzidzo inofambira mberi, umo vadzidzi vari zvidzidzo zvechikoro, kwete chete chinangwa chayo. Muma1980, zviremera zvechikoro zvakasarudza kuti vana vanoda chirango chakawanda, nguva yakawanda yechikoro uye basa rakawanda rechikoro. Iyo yazvino yakanakisa dhizaini pfungwa ndeyekupa mubairo kana kuranga vadzidzisi nekuda kwekuita kwevadzidzi vavo.
Masangano evadzidzisi aramba zvine mutsindo iyi "mhinduro," ichidaidza kuti kurwiswa kuri pachena kwehunyanzvi hwevadzidzisi uye mararamiro. Munguva yekuderedzwa kwakanyanya mumari yechikoro, zvisinei, vagari vazhinji vemibatanidzwa mikuru yenyika yevadzidzisi vakabvuma zvinyoronyoro kudzingwa, kuwedzera hukuru hwekirasi uye maitiro ekuita. Pamusoro pazvose, hapana mibatanidzwa kana zviremera zvedzidzo zvakapa dzimwe nzira dzakakomba kune inotungamirwa inotungamirwa neveneoliberal privatization. Uye kuruboshwe kunoratidzika kunge kuri kuburitsa zvakajairwa zvirevo: mari yakawanda yezvikoro, kuwana kwakakura kwevarombo uye vanoshanda-kirasi vadzidzi veruvara kudzidzo yepamusoro uye kupera kweprivatization.
Nepo shanduko idzi dziri madikanwa, hadzina kukwana. Kodzero inoda kuchengetedza mhino dzevana paguyo nekuvayedza kuti vazviise pasi, kupa zvikoro kuchikamu chepurofiti uye kukanda vana vasina kukodzera, vanokanganisa chikoro kana kuti kuvaendesa ku "dzidzo yepamusoro," iyo yega chikamu chiri kusimukira. muK-12.
Vazhinji vakasununguka havana chirongwa chakafanana chakananga uye chine simba. Vanogona kurumbidza kukosha kwekufunga kwakadzama, nhaka yenguva inofambira mberi, asi vanonyanya kupa mabhendi-aids. Imhaka yekuti vanosununguka vakagamuchira hwaro hune simba hwekuti dzidzo, kana zvakanyanya, chikoro chinofanira kushandira hupfumi nekudzidzisa vadzidzi kutora nzvimbo dzavo munyika yebasa.
Kwete chokwadi. Izvo ma radicals anofanirwa kupa mawoko akasununguka ndiwo anoita zvakanyanya radicals: enda kumudzi wezvinhu. Dzidzo inofanira kunge iri gadziriro yehupenyu, kunyanya kubatsira vana kuti vashande mukuona mamiriro ezvinhu anonyanya kuvakanganisa.
Mudzi Wezvinhu
Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget naJerome Bruner, vatatu vaitungamira 20th-century theorists of developmental psychology, vakakakavadzana kuti kosi, iyo moyo wekudzidza kuchikoro, inofanira kutaurwa nehunyanzvi hwekunzwa kwevana. Vakataura zvakasimba kuti kupinza zvidzidzo zvedzidzo hakuna kufanira kuvana vadiki kusvika pamakore masere kana mapfumbamwe. Vanofunga kuti nepo vana vane makore matatu kusvika kumanomwe vakakudziridza hunyanzvi hwekuziva, maalgorithms ane chekuita nekuwaniswa kwehunyanzvi hwedzidzo hunopfuura kugona kwevana vazhinji. Iyi inguva yehupenyu apo fungidziro inofanira kunge iri nyaya uye chinhu chekudzidza. Kuverenga, kunyora uye masvomhu hazvifanirwe kunyimwa, asi izvo zvakakosha zvekudzidza pazera rekutanga zvinogona kuendeswa nekutamba. Muenzaniso wekireshi ndiyo yakakodzera vana vadiki. Vari kudzidza kuwirirana nevezera ravo, kushandisa zvinhu; kuedza nekupenda, kuveza uye mimhanzi; uye kuti vataurewo nemuromo. Vana vanoratidza kufarira kuverenga, semuenzaniso, vanofanirwa kukurudzirwa uye mudzidzisi anofanira kupa zvinyorwa zvakakodzera uye kubatanidza kuverenga nekutamba.
Nyika Yese Chikoro
Gare gare, apo vadzidzi vari pedyo nepakati pedzidzo, kirasi inofanira kutamiswa zvikuru kubva muchivako chechikoro ichiendeswa kunyika yakafara. Vygotsky akatsanangura kuti kuvharira mwana padhesiki kwemaawa kunokanganisa sei kukura kwake. Makore masere kusvika gumi nemaviri inguva dzekuongorora, dzekutumbuka kwekuda kuziva: guta sechikoro zvinoreva kuti mamuseum, marabhoritari ekutsvagisa, hutano uye nzvimbo dzepamusoro, makonti, mafekitori, mahofisi, mapaki nemigwagwa ese inzvimbo dzekufunda. โNzendo dzemumundaโ hadzisisiri dzenguva nenguva asi zviitiko zvenguva dzose zvinorukwa muzuva rose rechikoro. Vadzidzi vanosangana nevaimbi, maartist, maindasitiri nevashandi vebasa, masayendisiti, madhorobha - vese vanova chikamu chechikoro chechikoro. Kuverenga, masvomhu nesainzi zvinova zvinhu zvakakosha asi maererano nekubatsira mudzidzi kutaurirana zvakanaka nharaunda yake uye kukurudzira kumwe kudzidza kwakakosha.
Pazera re11 kana 12, mushure mekuongorora magariro nemamiriro emuviri, mudzidzi akawana mamiriro ebudiriro ehushingi hwedzidzo. Panyaya iyi, zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti mamwe matunhu, akadai sesvomhu, sainzi, girama, nhoroondo, kunyange mumhanzi, azere nezvimiro zvemusoro. Asi rote inofanira kubatanidzwa nekutaura zvose zvinoshanda uye zvenhoroondo zvakakosha zvemasvomhu, algebra nejeometry; kukosha kwekuverenga nguva mukudzidza nhoroondo; nyaya, pamwe nemitemo uye maitiro efizikisi, chemistry uye biology. Ecology inofanirwa kuve chikamu chakakosha chedanho rega rega redzidzo uye kunzwisisa kwayo kunofanirwa kuve nedzidziso pamwe nezvinotsanangura.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nhoroondo uye zvinyorwa hazvifanire kupa mukana weurudzi. Iyo inonzi nhoroondo yeAmerica yakabatana nekutengeserana kwevaranda vemuAfrica, zvikonzero zvekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, dhiraivha yehutongi hwehumambo, kudiwa kwemari yezvinhu zvakakura zvevashandi vemuindasitiri (sezvo vaimbove varanda vaivharirwa muminda yedonje neinogadzira fodya. yeZasi uye yakavharwa, kunze kwekunge vapwanyi). Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti matambudziko evashandi kubva kumafekitari esimbi nemachira kusvika kumapurazi nemapurazi ari mukati menyaya yeAmerica - kunze kwerondedzero yezvido zvakabatana munguva yehondo - izvo zvinonyepa kupfungwa yepamutemo yekuti America yaive Yakasiyana Yakasiyana kune ruzivo rweEurope rwekirasi. uye kurwa kwekirasi. Uye mabhuku makuru eAmerica aive, uye ari, akabudiswa nevatema pamwe chete nevachena uye aigara akasungwa nerondedzero yenhoroondo yeAmerica, kubva kunganonyorwa dzevaranda kusvika kumabasa aMelville, Whitman naHawthorne.
Musiyano uripo pakati pechikoro chepakati nesekondari unofanira kupikiswa. Iyo modhi yegiredhi 7โ12 inogona kuparadzirwa zvakanyanya nekuti aya ndiwo makore makuru ekuvandudza kugona, kugona kwenjere. Sokuwana kwakaita vamwe vadzidzisi, pwere dzemazera aya vanokwanisa kurava zvinyorwa zvapakuvamba panzvimbo pokutambura mabhuku efundo asina mvura. Mimhanzi uye hunyanzvi zvinofanirwa kuramba zviri chikamu chakakosha chedzidzo. Vadzidzi vanoda mabhuku avo epanguva avanotonga pasina kuvhiringwa nevakuru vechikoro, kwete chete kutaurirana nevezera asi senzvimbo uko kushoropodzwa kwezvose zviri zviviri chikoro nenharaunda kunogona kubudirira kunze kwenzira dzepamutemo.
Usazive Zvakawanda Philosophy
MuFrance, zvikoro zvesekondari zvakada fundo youzivi, kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvakadaro mumakore achangobva kupfuura. Vakapedza chikoro chesekondari vaive neruzivo rwetsika huru dzeuzivi hweEurope muchimiro chayo chekare: the pre-Socratics, Plato naAristotle, vanofunga medieval, Descartes naKant, Bergson nehumwe huzivi hwe20th-century.
Uzivi hwakabviswa muzvikoro zvesekondari zveU.S., kunze kwevakakwirira, kunyanya zvikoro zvakazvimirira. Ichi chiratidzo chekutaura kuti hatitore kufunga kwakadzama sechinangwa chedzidzo. Kana uzivi hune kukosha kwekudzidzisa, ndiko kudzidzisa vadzidzi kukosha kwekukahadzika, pasina izvo hazvibviri kupinza propaganda uye kuona kuvepo kwezvido mukati meruzivo.
Ndinogona kunzwa vatsoropodzi vachipindura kuti, โZvose zvakanaka uye zvakanaka, asi ndiani achadzidzisa zvose izvi? Chii chinoitika kuvadzidzisi vakadzidziswa mumakorosi akare?" Mhinduro pfupi ndeyokuti tinoda shanduko huru yezvikoro zvedzidzo. Kana vachizovepo, vadzidzi vanofanirwa kudiwa kuti vatore chikamu chikuru mune zvechidzidzo uye dzidzo inongove yechidiki. Dzidzo diki haifanire kutarisisa nzira dzekudzidzisa, asi papfungwa dzine chekuita nekufunga kwakadzama, ndiko kuti, uzivi uye nhoroondo, asi kwete yedzidzo chete. Uye panofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hukuru hwekuvandudza faculty kugadzirira vadzidzisi vane ruzivo nezvekosi nyowani. Havafanire โkudzidziswaโ asi, kunyangwe vachiwedzera huwandu hwavo, vanofanirwa kukumbirwa kutora chikamu mukuronga zvinhu zvekharikhulamu. Saka iyo curriculum haicharambi iri kodzero yezviremera zvepakati kungave zvekutonga kana zvemutemo. Kuvandudza dzidzo yevadzidzisi, hongu, kunosanganisira professoriate zvakare. Uye vabereki nemasangano evadzidzisi vanofanirwa kuve chikamu chehurongwa hwekuronga.
Aya mazano ose ari pasi pekukakavadzana, hurukuro nekudzokorora. Asi pasina masangano ezvematongerwo enyika uye emagariro akamira seri kweshanduko yedzidzo, shanduko yechikoro haigoneki kunze kwekunaka. Tinoda mapurojekiti anodenha mainstream kana paine shanduko zvachose. Parizvino, mapurojekiti aya mashoma uye haaonekwe, zvimwe nekuti haana kuratidza pachena musiyano wavo. Asi isu tinofanirwa kutanga kuongorora kuti dzidzo reveille ye radicals, kukwereta mutsara kubva kuna Saul Alinsky, inotaridzika sei.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta