Kunobva: Global Ecosocialist Network
Ecosocialism ikozvino yakavakirwa pahwaro hwakasimba hwedzidziso semugumisiro webasa guru rekupayona rakaitwa naJohn Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Michael Lowy, Ian Angus, Fred Magdoff, Kohei Saito, Jonathan Neale, Sabrina Fernandes, Martin Empson, Patrick Bond, ari pedyo. basa raNaomi Klein nevamwe vakawanda. Nekuda kwebasa iri tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti:
- Contemporary environmentism inoda kuve anti-capitalist
- Kuti capitalism, kwete hunhu hwakadaro, ndiyo honzeri yedambudziko reapocalyptic ratiri kutarisana naro
- Kuti izvo zvinodiwa ndezvekushanduka kwehurongwa hwakadzama, iyo yatinoreva kuchinjika kune yakagadzikana yesocialism yakavakirwa pahukama hwemagariro enzira huru yekugadzira uye kutonga kwedemocracy uye kuronga kwehupfumi.
Mune mamwe mazwi isu tine kujekesa kwakajeka kwechikonzero uye chimiro chedambudziko uye pfungwa chaiyo yechinangwa chedu chekupedzisira, chinangwa chedu chekupedzisira, semhinduro kudambudziko iri. Ipo ecosocialism pari zvino isina kusimba, mumaonero angu, iri padanho rehurongwa (uye ndinofunga izvi zvinoita kunge zvakanyanya kushaya simba mukufamba kwezvakatipoteredza). Nekuronga ndinoreva pfungwa yechokwadi yekuti isu - nzanga yevanhu - tinogona kubva patiri kuenda kwatinoda kusvika. Handireve kuti nehurongwa hwakadzama uhwu hwekuti isu veecosocialist taizoita sei kana isu taimhanyisa nyika kana nyika yega. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvine mashandisiro azvo separadziro, seratidziro yezvinogona uye zvinofanira kuitwa[I] asi chokwadi ndechekuti isu tiri kure kwazvo nekuva muchinzvimbo chakadaro chero kupi uye panguva yatiri mamiriro anenge achinja, pamwe pakuipa, uye ndizvo zvichaitwa. Uye handisi kutaura nezvemazano ekuti chii chatinofanira kuita svondo rinouya kana mwedzi unouya - tinoda iwowo, hongu. Kwete, mubvunzo ndewekuti ndeipi nzira yakajairika, yakavakirwa pakuongorora kwechokwadi kwemasimba emagariro nezvematongerwo enyika, zvazvino uye zvinogoneka, isu tinogona kusvika pachinzvimbo chekuti iyo inodiwa ecosocialist mitemo inogona kuitwa? Zviripachena mepu yemugwagwa yakadzama - tendeuka kuruboshwe pamharadzano inotevera, enda makiromita makumi maviri uchitevedza M3, tendeukira kurudyi muN5 nezvimwe - hazvigoneke; nhoroondo haishande saizvozvo. Asi pfungwa yomutsetse mukuru wokufora inobvira uye inogona kuva inobetsera mukutungamirira zviito zvedu zvapakarepo. Nyaya ino inopa mamwe mazano. Ini ndichaenderera 'negative' kubva kune mazano andinobvisa kune zvandinokurudzira.
Chekutanga, ndinorerutsa maonero ekuti vatongi vedu varipo, vezvematongerwo enyika kana vehupfumi, vanogona kunyengetedzwa, zvisinei kuti nharo dzine musoro sei kana kutaura kwakanyatsojeka, kuchinja nzira uye kutora matanho anodiwa kudzivirira njodzi. Izvi imhaka yokuti matanho anodiwa achakanganisa kwete chete mitemo yavo yazvino asi ukama chaihwo hwenzanga hwavamire pahuri uye hwavanokwereta nzvimbo yavo sevatongi. Handipikisane nekutaura zvavanoda kana kutaura kwavari รก la Greta Thunberg - izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya papropaganda - asi veecosocialist havafanire kudzika midzi yedu. nzira papfungwa yekuti maitiro aya anogona kubudirira kuunza shanduko yehurongwa inodiwa.
Chechipiri, uye izvi zvinogona kunge zvichinyanya kukakavara mumasangano ecosocialist, ndinorerutsa pfungwa yekuti shanduko yakakosha inogona kuunzwa nesarudzo yehurumende 'yekuruboshwe', senge inotungamirwa naBernie Sanders, Jeremy Corbyn, kana Evo Morales. Handidi kusanzwisiswa pano. Ini ndinotsigira kusarudzwa kwehurumende dzakadai. Ndaivavhotera, ndokurudzira vamwe kuti vavavhotere uye vaunganidze kuvadzivirira paKurudyi. Asi mavari ivo havaumbe mhinduro kudambudziko nekuti vanotora 'simba', zvechokwadi vanotora chigaro, pahwaro hweiyo capitalist economic chimiro uye capitalist state mamiriro ayo anoramba akazvipira kune purofiti uye kukwikwidza capital kuunganidza uye nekudaro kugadzirisa. , uye neboka rinotonga rakatsunga kushandisa zvose zviri zviviri simba rayo rezvemari nerehurumende kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvakadaro. Hurumende yeKuruboshwe, pachayo, ingave nesimba rekukunda kupokana uku uye kupokana kwekupokana kuti capital nemidziyo yayo yenyika zvaizokwira? Sekuona kwangu chiitiko chese chenhoroondo yehurumende dzakadai kubva kuSpanish Popular Front kusvika kuBritish Labor Government ye1945, kubva kuSalvador Allende kuChile kuenda kuSyriza kuGreece zvinoratidza kuti hazvingadaro. Chimwe chikonzero chekutsigira kusarudzwa kweHurumende yeKuruboshwe yakadaro ndechokuti ichi chingava chiitiko chezvakaitika kare icho vanhu vazhinji vanoda kupfuura asi kana iri nyaya yekudzivirirwa kwehurumende yakadaro pamusoro peKurudyi kana kupfuura iyo, tiri kutaura pamusoro pekudikanwa kwekuunganidza kukuru kwakakurumbira.
Kusimuka kubva kune yakaipa kuenda kune yakanaka, ndiwo mutsara wekupedzisira 'kukosha kwekuunganidza kwakakurumbira' ndiko kunofanirwa, mukuona kwangu, kuve nzvimbo yekutanga uye anchor ye ecosocialist yezvematongerwo enyika zano. Iniwo ndinopikisa izvi kune maitiro akareba aripo mukati mekufamba kwezvakatipoteredza, dzimwe nguva kuvharika, dzimwe nguva kuri pachena, kune 'zvinoshamisa', uye kazhinji kuzvipira, zviito zvakanangana nevadiki vadiki vachimiririra kwete ruzhinji chete asiwo ruzhinji rwesangano. . Izvi zvinogona kurondedzerwa kumashure kuzviitiko zvinoshamisa nezvikwata zvakadzidziswa zvehunyanzvi nevashandi zvakaitwa neGreenpeace izvo zvechokwadi vakawana kuburitswa kwenhau asi vakasiya ruzhinji rwenhengo dzeGreenpeace nevatsigiri sevacherechedzi. XR yaipokana panyaya iyi pakuti yaishuvira kuunganidza ngano '3.5%' yehuwandu, kureva huwandu hukuru, asi zvakare, kunyanya mukufunga kwaRoger Hallam, yakaisa mari yakawanda mupfungwa yekusungwa. Izvi zvakasiya nzira, inosanganisirwa naHallam, yekufamba , kana 3.5% yatadza kuuya, kusvika pakuita zvakanyanyisa uye zvinosungirwa kuitwa nevanhu sekubhururuka nendege paHeathrow Airport. Pakupera kwechiratidziro ichi chiri kunze uye kunze kwechisimba 'hugandanga' hwemhando yaiitwa kare nemaNarodniks muna 19.th zana remakore Russia, IRA, Red Brigades, Weather Underground nevamwe vakawanda[Ii] uye zvaizoonekwa kubva mubhuku rake razvino kuti Andreas Malm anotungamira munzira iyi. Sekuona kwangu iyi ingave nzira ine ngozi uye isingaite kuti bato ritore mukuti haringashande pakuunza shanduko asi raizoshanda zvakanyanya pakubvisa maonero eruzhinji uye nekumisa kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda kwatinoda. Muchidimbu ini ndinowanzo kubvumirana nekushoropodzwa kwakaitwa naAlan Thornett pano http://www.globalecosocialistnetwork.net/2021/02/15/review-of-andreas-malm-how-to-blow-up-a-pipeline/ asi zvakare ziva kukosha kwekukurukurirana kwakawanda kwemafungiro aMalm uye nyaya yese yemhirizhonga.
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvakabatana nei kuunganidza kukuru kunofanirwa kuve musimboti wezano redu rezvematongerwo enyika. Chekutanga ndechekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuchinja maonero evanhu nekushandura tsika dzezvematongerwo enyika. Kuratidzira kweBlack Lives Matter muUS kwaive ratidziro yakanakisa yeizvi mukuti vakave nemhedzisiro inooneka panhaurwa yese yakatenderedza mapurisa nerusaruraganda muAmerica uye kusvika pamwero wakati pasi rose. Extinction Rebellion mumwe muenzaniso pakuti kwaive kukwanisa kuisa zviuru zvevanhu mumigwagwa yeLondon (mune yechipiri chiitiko chikuru) iyo yakaisa XR pamepu uye yakakwezva kutsigirwa kwenyika yose. Zvakadarowo naGreta Thunberg uye Chikoro Strikes. Zvamazvirokwazvo vezvenhau vanonangidzira ngwariro pamunhu nohunhu hwavo chaihwo. Asi vapfumi uye vane simba paDavos uye vezvenhau vaingoda kunyepedzera kuteerera Greta nekuti akaunganidza mamirioni evechidiki kuti vatore matanho.
Chikonzero chechipiri ndechekuti kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda ndiyo nzira inonyatsoshanda yekuvandudza bumbiro remitemo uye kusandura maitiro ehurumende, inoshanda zvakanyanya kudarika kuchengedzera kwakarongwa kweNGOs. (Musiyano uyu haushande pakubiridzira kwemakambani asi izvo zvinocheka nezviyo zvehurongwa uye purofiti inofambiswa nepfungwa asi kwezvakatipoteredza uye ecosocialism zvichicheka pazviri). Chikonzero chiri kushanda ndechekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vanotya kukanganisa kwesimba revanhu pachinzvimbo chavo chekuvhota uye, kana zvapfuura imwe nzvimbo, ivo neboka rinotonga rose vanotanga kuona mukuunganidza kukuru kwechimurenga - uye ivo. vane kodzero yekuita kudaro - uye saka vane chido chekuita chibvumirano chekufadza sangano.
Chikonzero chechitatu ndecheizvo zvinotyiwa nevatongi vedu, kureva kuti kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda kune mhodzi yechimurenga uye chimurenga ndizvo chaizvo zvinodikanwa kuunza shanduko chaiyo yehurongwa. Kazhinji mabhindauko haatangi nekuwanda kwevanhu vanomuka mamwe mangwanani vofunga kuti vave masocialist uye vanoda chimurenga. Asi vanotanga nevanhu vanoenda kumigwagwa kune zvimwe zvinangwa uye zvidiki-kumisa kutorwa kwepfuti kubva kuMontmartre (iyo Paris Commune), kuti vape zvichemo zvavo kuTsar (Russia 1905), yechingwa, herring uye vachipokana. Hondo (Kukadzi 1917), kumisa mhirizhonga yaFranco's fascist (Spain 1936), zvichingodaro - uyezve mukuita izvi vanowana pfungwa yesimba ravo votanga kuunza kumukira kwavo kuunza hutongi uye pamwe nekupfuura kuunza. pasi pehurongwa.[Iii]
Munyika yanhasi kutarisa pamusoro pesimba revanhu hachisi chinhu chisingagoneki kana kuti chekutangira: tinorarama munguva yekuunganidza kukuru. Kuchinja kweEgypt kwe2011 kwaisanganisira kuunganidzwa kwevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemashanu (chinhu chakaita se15% yevagari vekuEjipita). Mafungu ekumukira kwa20- kubva kuFrench Yellow Vests kuburikidza nePuerto Rico, Haiti, Ecuador, Chile, Iraq, Hong Kong, neRebhanoni - vese vakapupurira kuunganidzwa kukuru mumigwagwa. Semuenzaniso muna Chikunguru 2019 vangangosvika miriyoni 2019 vakatora mumigwagwa yePuerto Rico (1.1% yevagari vepachitsuwa). Kune izvi tinogona kuwedzera kuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti 35-15 miriyoni vakatora chikamu muhukuru hweBlack Lives Matter kuratidzira muUS muna 20 uye zvakafungidzirwa.[Iv] kuti pakukwirira kwayo munaGunyana 2019 Chishanu cheMangwana yakaunza vadzidzi vechikoro vanosvika mamirioni mana pakuramwa mabasa pasi rose. Sezvandinonyora, kune kumukira kukuru kunoitika muThailand, Myanmar neIndia.
Dzimwe mhedziso dzechimbi-chimbi dzinoyerera kubva kune iyi hurongwa hwekufambiswa kwevanhu vakawanda: semuenzaniso zvinotevera kuti maererano neCOP 26 muGlasgow munaNovember tarisiro yedu haifanire kunge iri, sezvazviri nezvakawanda zvekufamba kwezvakatipoteredza, kuti ndiani achawana mukana kuMusangano. kuitira kuti, sezvinofungidzirwa, kupesvedzera muuyo wayo, asi kuti nhambo yoMusangano ingashandiswa sei kuunza makumi ezviuru mumigwagwa yeGlasgow kana kuti mamwe maguta muBritain uye kubatanidza, kana zvichibvira, mamiriyoni mukuita chiito munyika yose. Zvinotevera zvakare kuti, mukati memiganhu yemusimboti (anti-racism, anti-sexism etc) , tinofanira kudzivirira maumbirwo uye masirogani, senge 'degrowth' uye 'kuderedzwa kushandiswa' uye mutero wekabhoni pavanhuwo zvavo, izvo zvinogona kutyaira. pakati pedu nehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda, kunyanya avo vari kuGlobal South.
Asi imwe chirevo chetariro iyi yakawanda uye haina kutwasuka. Kana chinangwa chiri chekuunganidza vanhu vazhinji isu tinofanirwa kubvuma kuti kukuru kwakakurumbira kuunganidza kwa2019-21 kunotaurwa pamusoro kwanga kusiri, maererano nekukonzeresa kwavo kana izvo zvavaida zvakanyanya, nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana nharaunda.[V]. Izvi hazvifaniri kutishamisa kana kutiodza mwoyo. Chokwadi kuunganidzwa kwevazhinji kunosvika mukati memoyo weakadzvinyirirwa makirasi akakurumbira (kusiyana nekuungana kukuru kwe 'progressives') sezvakaitika muEcuador neChile muna 2019 uye kusvika pamwero wakati neBLM muUS, kunowanzo kuve mhinduro kune kongiri. zviitiko uye maitiro kune aripo, kazhinji akamira kwenguva refu, kutambura nekudzvinyirirwa, pane zviito zvekutanga kudzivirira njodzi dzinouya. The Paris Commune yakauya mushure mehondo ine njodzi uye kukomba kwegore rose kweParis; kumukira kukuru kweHondo Yenyika Yokutanga hakuna kuuya munguva yekuidzivirira kana kuti kunyange pakutanga kwayo asi mushure mekuziva kukuru kwezvinotyisa zvayo. Pamusoro pazvo, kumukira kwakadaro kunowanzoita kunge kuri kwezvinangwa chaizvo zvinobatika zvinoonekwa neruzhinji sezvingagoneke semuenzaniso. kudonha kwemumwe mudzvanyiriri, kupera kwegwaro rinovengwa rakati kana seti yemitemo. Zvakawanda zvatingazvishuvire neimwe nzira, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inoramba iri yeruzhinji rwevanhu vepasi chinhu chekufungidzira, uyezve harisi basa rechero mutungamiri mumwechete kana hurumende inogona kunangwa kuimisa. Asi izvi hazvireve kuti shanduko yakaitika pamusoro pemutengo wechingwa kana kuunzwa kweWhat's App charges (Lebanon) haigone kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana simba rikahwinwa nevashandi nemauto emasocialist. Dare reParis rakatanga pamusoro pekudzivirira pfuti dzeNational Guard asi rakaenderera mberi nekusimbisa kudzokororwa kwevatevedzeri vanobhadharwa paavhareji yemuhoro wevashandi uye kuparadzanisa Chechi neHurumende. Chimurenga cheRussia hachina kutanga muna Kukadzi 1917 pasi pemucherechedzo wevhu kune varimi, kuzvitonga kumarudzi akadzvinyirirwa kana kusunungurwa kwevakadzi, asi kugadzwa kwesimba reSoviet kwakagonesa mibvunzo yese iyi nemimwe yakawanda kuti igadziriswe.
Zvinotevera kubva pane izvi maererano nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika ndezvekuti, mukuwedzera kune yakananga nhema, mhirizhonga uye kuunganidza pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye dzimwe nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, ecosocialist inofanirwa kushanda kubatanidza inodiwa inopokana nemamiriro ekunze shanduko uye ecosocialist mazano nemitemo pamwe chete uye nezvinodiwa. nemitemo yevashandi nemasangano anofambira mberi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutevedzwa pamatanho akawanda - masangano evashandi emunyika neemuno, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika akasiiwa, mishandirapamwe yenyika uye yemuno. Pfungwa yeJust Transition yakakosha pano, sezvakaita kudiwa kweClimate Jobs asi zvinoreva zvakare kunyanya kusimbisa zvinodiwa seyeMahara Public Transport, yeState Funded Retrofitting of Homes, yekubviswa kwemarara ane muchetura munharaunda dzevashandi. Nemamwe mashoko tinofanira kusimbisa zvinoda kuti panguva imwe chete zvigadzirise nyaya yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nezvimwe zvinonetsa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinobatsira chaizvo kuvanhu vanoshanda. Ecosocialists vanogona zvakare kuita general kubva mumishandirapamwe yakawanda iyo vanhu vanoshanda vakazvimiririra isu. Semuyenzaniso, kana paine mushandirapamwe wekudzivirira nzira yebhazi iyo vanhu veko vanoda kusvika kubasa, kana kuwana zvikoro, zvipatara nezvitoro tose tinogona kuva chikamu chedanidziro iyi pachayo uye toratidza kuti pasi rinoda zvakawanda. mabhazi uye motokari shoma. [Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti mushandirapamwe wakawanda wenzvimbo dzevashandi ndewenzvimbo, kwete nekuti ndizvo zvega zvavanoitira hanya asi nekuti veko ndiko kwavanonzwa kuti vanogona kuita.]
Muchidimbu bato rezvakatipoteredza rinoda kudyidzana nekubatana nevanhu vanoshanda uye ibasa revaecosocialists kutsigira izvi uye kutaura nezve maitirwo azvo.
[I] Semuenzaniso hechino chirongwa chakaturwa nePeople Before Profit muIreland pasarudzo dzakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. https://eco.pbp.ie/
[Ii] Ndakasiya nemaune zvese zvechiIslamist neFar Right hugandanga pano nekuti vese vane masimba avo akasiyana.
[Iii] Generalization pakutora hurongwa i.e. capitalism, ichokwadi, nhanho huru kupfuura kutora imwe hurumende inovengwa kana hutongi uye kashoma kuti zviitike zvega kana zvakaenzana.
[Iv] NaAndreas Malm in Mabhobhorosi ePipeline, Verso, 2021, p.18.
[V] Kunyangwe kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwainyatsoita chinhu chekumashure muPuerto Rico, muchimiro cheDutu rinoparadza Maria muna 2017, uye muIraq ine tembiricha isingagoneki kuvanhu vazhinji, uye muSudan mukurwisana kwenguva refu kweDarfur.
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