Vashandi vekuAmerica vari mudambudziko sezvakangoita mapoka evashandi kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvagara zvakadaro kunyange pamberi pebhuku raFriedrich Engels 'seminal Pamamiriro ezvinhu eKirasi Yekushanda muEngland (1844) yakafumura nhamo yeRevolution Revolution. Makore zana nemakumi manomwe nerimwe gare gare, ongororo ichangoburwa yemamiriro evashandi muUSA yakatsanangurwa na Anne Nyaya naAngus Deaton (muhwina weNobel Prize). Vese vari vaviri vePrinceton economists, Case naDeaton vakanyora ongororo yapfuura nezve "Kuwedzera kwehurwere uye kufa kwepakati pehupenyu pakati pevachena vasiri maSpanishi vekuAmerica muzana ramakore re21.โ yakadhindwa mune zvemukurumbira Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Bhuku ravo razvino, Rufu rweKupererwa, inobata nezvavanoona sezvikonzero zvitatu zvinotungamira zvehuwandu hwekufa kwevashandi: kuzviuraya, kuwandisa kwezvinodhaka, uye chirwere chechiropa chinodhaka. Zvikonzero zvitatu izvi zvakanyanya kunyanya pakati pevashandi vasina dhigirii rekuyunivhesiti uye avo vane diploma rechikoro chepamusoro chete. MuAmerica yanhasi, Trump's America, dhigirii remakore mana rekoreji rinoratidzika senzira diki yekupukunyuka murufu nekupererwa. Muna 2018, maiva nemamiriyoni e171 eAmerica ane makore ari pakati pe25 ne64. Pakati pavo, 62% yakarongerwa sevachena uye isiri yeSpanishi. Pakati pavo, imwe 62% yakanga isina dhigirii rekukoreji. Saka, kutaura zvishoma, 38% yevashandi vekuAmerica vanoiswa sevachena uye "vasina kudzidza. "
Ava ndivo vanhu chaivo vanodiwa neMutungamiriri wenyika, VaDonald J. Trump, nekuti vari nyore kubatwa navo white populism uye chiteshi chake chenhau cheterevhizheni chaanofarira Propaganda yeFox. Capitalism uye rufu nokuora mwoyo vakabatana vakarova hwaro hwaTrump zvakanyanya, uye zvino muna 2020 zvave kuvaita panjodzi yeCovid-19 denda.
Ngatitarisei kune manhamba Nyaya uye Deaton inopa. Mushure mekugadzirisa kukwira kwemitengo, muhoro wepakati wevarume veAmerica wakamira kwehafu yezana ramakore; kuvarume vachena vasina dhigirii remakore mana, mihoro yepakati yakarasika 13% yesimba ravo rekutenga pakati pe1979 ne2017. Zvichakadaro, pakati pemafemu makuru eAmerica mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu, avhareji CEO aiwana muna 350 yaive $2018 miriyoni ($17.2 pazuva!), 47,000 nguva! muhoro weavhareji wemushandi. Kunyange Marx naEngels vaizoshamiswa nekusiyana.
Makumi amakore emihoro iri kuderera, zvisinei, angova mamwe emasimba ari kushanda mukurwisana nevarume nevakadzi vasina kudzidza vasina kudzidza. Chimwe chinofanirwa kutariswa isimba rehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika rabva pamapoka madiki evashandi kuenda kumakambani makuru epasi rose uye kunetesa nemaune kwemasangano evashandi. Kubva pamazuva aRonald Reagan, masangano everuzhinji aparara zvakanyanya: hapana anopinda muMukomana kana Musikana Mascouts mazuva ano, mapoka evavakidzani anenge anyangarika, uye zvikwata zvemitambo zvine hushamwari zvave zvakanyanyisa kurongeka uye kutengeswa. Zvibvumirano zvemabasa ega ega uye manyepo ekuti masangano ese ane huori uye ane zvikwata zvematsotsi zvakasiya vashandi vari panjodzi yekudzikiswa kwemihoro uye kushata kwemamiriro emabasa. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakaita seizvi, boka revashandi rakazviwana rave rakafumurwa kurudzi rwereverse Robin Hood hupfumi apo capitalism inotora kubva kuvarombo ichipa kune vapfumi, uye uko democracy inozivisa kuti munhu wese ane kodzero yekurara yakaoma pasi pebhiriji. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo kudzikira pasi economics uye kururamiswa nekufungidzira kuti sezvo mafashamo anonaya mumagwa ose achayangarara kumusoro. Kutaura zvazviri, kuparadza pfuma kukuru kwakaitika. Mukuita uku, zvizhinji zveizvi Adam Smith hupenzi uye hunodzvinyirira monopolies vanoita basa rakakosha apo masangano nevakuru vakuru vawo vanova vapfumi nekupfuma uye kunyange kupfuma zvakanyanya apo vanhuwo zvavo vanoshanda vanonyura muurombo uye kufa nekukurumidza.
Ngatidzokorore: Mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa eboka revashandi veAmerica anogona kuonekwa muchokwadi chekuderera kwehupenyu hunotarisirwa. Yakawira pakati pe2013 ne2014, pakati pe2014 ne2015, uye zvakare pakati pe2016 ne 2017. Hazvina kumbobvira zvaita kuti hupenyu hweAmerica huve hwawa kwemakore matatu mumutsara kubvira apo data yakatanga kuunganidzwa makore anopfuura zana apfuura. Zvisingashamisi, kuwedzera kukuru kwekufa nguva isati yakwana kwakaitika kuWest Virginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, uye Mississippi, inotaura kuti yakavhotera Donald J. Trump zvakanyanya muna 2016.
Aya ndiwowo mwero wenzufu dzokuora mwoyo umo kufa nokuzviuraya, zvinodhaka, uye doro kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Pakazara, kuvachena vane makore ari pakati pe45 ne54, ndufu dzekushaya tariro dzakapetwa katatu kubva muna 1990 kusvika 2017. Nyaya naDeaton vanoti dzidzo nekushaikwa kwayo ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekunzwisisa kuti ndiani ari kufa uye kuti sei. Muna 2018, 158,000 vanhu vekuAmerica vakafa kubva kune izvo zvinogona kunzi kufa kwekupererwa izvo zvakaenzana nevatatu vakazara. 737 MAXinodonha kubva kudenga mazuva ese, pasina anopona. Kunyangwe imwe 737 MAX ichidonha yaizoita nhau dzepasi rose. Asi kudzima kunononoka uye kunorwadza kwekatatu nhamba iyoyo yehupenyu hwevanhu vanoshanda zuva rega rega hazvizivikanwe. Izvo hazvizivikanwe nechikonzero: zvinoita kuti capitalism itaridzike sezvairi - mutambo unouraya une zvipingamupinyi zvakarongedzerwa kune vasina kudzidza, varombo nevasina vachena.
Imwe nzira yekutarisa nhamba idzi ndeyekuienzanisa neiyo ingangoita 40,000 yekufa kwemotokari uye mhondi dzinosvika zviuru makumi maviri pagore muAmerica. Muurayi mukuru pakati pevashandi, zvisinei, kuzviuraya. Pasi rese, huwandu hwekuzviuraya hwave huchidzika kubva muna 20,000 kunze kwechimwe chete. USA ndiyo inotungamira pasi rose muzviverengero izvi. Zvichakadaro, nyika nhanhatu dzepamusoro dzekuzviuraya muAmerica ndiMontana, Alaska, Wyoming, New Mexico, Idaho, uye Utah. Kunze kweNew Mexico, Donald Trump vakatakura matunhu ese aya musarudzo dza2016. Pakazere, kuzviuraya kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera pakati pevarume vachena vasina dhigirii reBachelor.
Udhakwa hunotaura nyaya yakafanana. Kumubvunzo waGallup, kunwa kwakambokonzera dambudziko mumhuri yako, 15% vakapindura "hongu" muna 1948, 12% muma1970s asi 33% inokatyamadza yakabvumirana muna 2018, yepamusorosoro yati yambonyorwa. Pakupedzisira, pane kushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo uye kunyanya opium. Narcotic iyi ine nhoroondo inoda kuziva. Opium yakasimwa maBritish East India Company muIndia ndokuzotengeswa kuvanhu vechiChinese nemaBritish muzana ramakore rechi19. China payakaramba, Britain yakatumira zvikepe zvepfuti kuti isimbise "kutengeserana kwemahara," ichiisa mitero yekuranga kuChina. Zvaiita sekunge hurumende yeMexico yaikumbira USA kuti iripe zvitoro zvezvinodhaka zvekuMexico pane zvakatorwa neDEA uye, pakusabhadhara, Mexico inopinda muTexas kuti America ibhadhare. Kushevedzera kwaTrump kuti Mexico ibatsire madziro ake asina musoro ane nhoroondo refu.
Yakakohwewa muchitsuwa cheAustralia chinoyevedza cheTasmania, chinozivikanwa se Opium Island, mushonga uri muchimiro chakanatswa cheheroin unoita nzira yawo kupinda muFDA yakatenderwa (1995) mushonga unonzi OxyContin (Aizivikanwawo hillbilly heroin) Maopioid akadai seaya anobvisa marwadzo asiwo anoita kuti vanhu vatarisire panyama, vakatarisana nezviratidzo zvekusiya senge delusional parasitosis kana kuumbwa, maererano neNyaya naDeaton. Denda razvino reopioid rinosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevakuru vese vekuUS, 98 miriyoni vanhu, vakanyorerwa maopioid mu2015.
Pakati peava vanyajambwa vanoodzwa mwoyo namakaro ecapitalist, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu hazvina chinopfuura dzidzo yechikoro chapamusoro. Kutengesa heroin kune vasina kudzidza ibhizimisi rakanaka. Makambani anotora purofiti yakanaka. The Sackler mhuriPrude Pharma yakatengesa pakati pemadhora 30 bhiriyoni uye $50bn inokosha OxyContin. $50bn inoita sei? $50,000,000,000. Avhareji US imba mutengo pa 2020 yaiva 320,000 XNUMX $. Big Pharma makambani akaita seaya (zvishoma mukati memutemo sezvawakamira) anogona kutenga dzimba 156,000 zviri nyore. Hazvishamisi kuti ichi zvakare chikonzero nei mapurofesa echikoro chebhizinesi vakagadzira pfungwa dzakaita se Maitiro ebhizinesi uye kushandiswa kwehutano hwevanhu. Iyo yekuzvinyengedza ideology ye capitalism iripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvizhinji zveizvi zvinoratidzika sezvakanaka uye zviri pamutemo, usatombo rangarira chokwadi chekuti 90% yeavo vanofa ne overdose yezvinodhaka havana makore mana dhigirii rekuvabatsira kuti vazvisimbise kuti zvese zvakavanakira ivo. Ibasa remaoko rinouraiwa. Hupenyu husina maturo kwausina mukana wekuzvinatsa.
Zvizhinji zveizvi zvakatanga panguva iyo mauto eAmerica anga ari mushishi kubhomba maopium mudunhu reHelmand kuAfghanistan. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakare, iyo giant pharmaceutical corporation ye Johnson & Johnson yakanga iri kurima zviri pamutemo zvigadzirwa zveopioid yenyika muchitsuwa chambotaurwa cheTasmania. Uye isu takaitirwa kutenda kuti ruoko rwerudyi haruzive zviri kuitwa neruboshwe.
Chero zvazvingave, chirwere cheopioid chingadai chisina kuitika pasina kusava nehanya - uye purofiti - yevamwe vanachiremba; pasina hurongwa hwemvumo hwakarongeka asi hwakakanganisika paFDA; uye pasina kutsvaga purofiti neindasitiri pane chero mutengo wevanhu. Izvi hazvisi zvitsva. Sei izvi zvichiitwa zvakatsanangurwa muKarl Marx yepakati pezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe Das Kapital: Iine purofiti yakakwana, capital ine ushingi uye inoshamisa:
- 10% ichaona basa rayo chero kupi;
- 20% imwe ichabereka chido;
- 50% yakanaka audacity;
- 100% ichaita kuti igadzirire kutsika-tsika pamitemo yese yevanhu;
- 300% uye hapana mhosva iyo yaachaita scruple, kana njodzi haizomhanya, kunyangwe mukana wekuti muridzi wayo asungirirwe.
Kana bongozozo negakava zvichiunza mhindu, capitalism ichakurudzira zvese zviri zviviri pachena. Kubiridzira zvinhu zvine njodzi uye kutengeswa kwevaranda kwakaratidza zvakakwana zvese zviri pano zvakataurwa, ndosaka vachiri nesu nhasi.
Iri rondedzero yemaitiro akapetwa akashandiswa neakanyanya-mari-makirasi anoshanda kune capitalism ingave huranda, Ford Pinto, asbestosi, fodya hombe wokuurayira mamiriyoni anosvuta (asinganzwi uye anoshanda) muzana remakore rechi20, Big Pharma kana chero rimwe bhizinesi rine pundutso. Kana mutengo wacho wakarurama, vatengesi vephrama vanogona kupa chiokomuhomwe kuna vanachiremba kuti vanyore fentanyl kuvarwere vasingazvide. Nekudaro, denda reopioid harina kuitika kune dzimwe nyika kunze kweiyo yakanaka yekare USA zvese nekuti vaive vasina kurongeka kirasi yavo yevashandi uye nekuti kumwe kuEurope nedzimwe nyika dzepamusoro makambani emishonga anodzorwa zvirinani uye hurumende hadzitani kukanganiswa nemakambani ari kutsvaga. purofiti, nyora Nyaya uye Deaton.
Zvichakadaro zvambotaurwa Sackler mhuri vanoonekwa sevane philanthropists. Chero zvazvingava, philanthropy imwezve propaganda manyepo anoita kuti makambani uye capitalism yemakambani itaridzike zvakanaka. Kufanana nerupo, kunyangwe kazhinji pasina tsitsi, mabhirioni akawanda vangada kupa mari nekuita zvisina kujairika uye caprice (uye mutero dodges), pane kuona demokrasi uye yakaenzana magariro ehutano hurongwa hunovimbisa hurombo, kusaziva uye chirwere zvabviswa uye. zvisingaonekwe sezvikanganiso zvevanhu vasingazive uye vane usimbe.
Sezvinoratidzwa nenyaya yefodya huru, Big Pharma inongotevera izvo zvinotsanangurwa mu Master Tobacco Settlement ya1998. Pundutso yemakambani uye magadzirirwo akadai anobhadharwa nevarombo uye vasina kudzidza vekuAmerica vanoputa uye vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zveBig Pharma - chero chinhu chinobvisa marwadzo asingagoneki ehupenyu husina maturo.
Sezviri mudenda reopioid, varombo vanobhadhara mutengo wekuzviisa pasi kwemhangura kwezvido zvevanhu kune purofiti yekambani. Izvi zvinobata vanhu vakasiyana zvakasiyana. Mari, senguva zhinji, inoita mutsauko sezvo vanhu vane mihoro yakakura vanorarama kwenguva yakareba. Idi rekuti boka revashandi rakasiiwa kumashure mune zvehupfumi rinoramba rakakosha. Rinotsanangura kuti ndiani anofa uye ndiani anorarama. Kubva kuma1970, vapfumi vakapfuma nekurasikirwa kwese kweAmerica. Muchidimbu, kubvira muna 1970, kukura kwainyanya kuenda kune avo vakanga vari nani, zvichisiya vamwe vose vachiderera vasina kudzivirirwa nemitemo yehurumende kana masangano evashandi. Kune avo vane, ichapiwa: munyaya iyi, "iyo" imari, mijenya uye yakawanda.
Sechinyakare, masangano evashandi akange abatanidza kukwidzwa kwemihoro nekuwana mukubudirira. Nhasi, capital yakagura chinongedzo ichi. Kubva 1979 kusvika 2018, semuenzaniso, kubereka kwakawedzera ne70% asi muhoro weawa wakakura chete ne12%. Mune mamwe mazwi, budiriro mukubudirira uye purofiti iyo inogadzira haichaendi kune avo vari kuita purofiti iyi.
Zvakatoipisisa, kune kuderera kunoramba kuripo kwemuhoro kubva kuboka rekuzvarwa kuenda kune rinotevera kune vasina kudzidza pasi. Kunyangwe kughastlier inyaya yekuti mihoro yepakati pevarume muUS yave yakati sandara kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Kune varume vachena vasina bachelor degree, avhareji yekukura mumihoro yepakati kubva 1979 kusvika 2017 yaive minus 0.2% pagore.
Zvichakadaro mabasa akanaka evarume vasina kudzidza ari kupera nekukurumidza. Kupembedza zvose izvi uye kubvisa pfungwa kubva paurombo hwakawanda, vezvenhau vemakambani vari pedyo kuti vape mhosva varombo, kumutsa hasha kune vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, uye kuita kuti vasingashandi nevanorovha vafunge kuti imhosva yavo. Zvakangofanana nemuzivi Bertrand Russell zvakambotaurwa, pakati pevanotsigira zvakasimba kuti varombo vanofanira kushanda zvakanyanya pane vapfumi vasina basa, vasina kumboita chero chinhu chinobatsira kuti vawane chouviri. Kuwedzera, hapangori chete nyika yemabhunu uye yeboka revashandi, kune zvakare nyika yevakanyanya kudzidza uye nyika yevasina kudzidza. Imwe yehurongwa hunoshanda zvakanyanya kupokana nevasina kudzidza pane vakadzidza zviri nani ihurongwa hwekuchengetedza hutano.
Iyo US healthcare system inotora 18% yeGDP kana $11,000 pamunhu zvinova zvakapetwa katatu izvo US inoshandisa mudzidzo. Kune iyo vashandi vekuAmerica vanowana imwe ye yakaipisisa heath systems muchikwata cheOECD chenyika dzakapfuma zvakanyanya nekuti purofiti yestratospheric inoenda kune "zvisina musoro uye zvinodzvinyirira makambani monopolies" (Adam Smith). โKune avo vanazvo, vachapiwa.โ
Sezvineiwo, US ine tarisiro yehupenyu yakaderera kupfuura dzimwe nyika zhinji asi mari yakakwira zvakanyanya pamunhu pahutano. Chimwe chikonzero cheizvozvo purofiti inoshamisa inoenda kune monopolies yeBig Pharma. Panguva iyoyo, aimbova mupepeti we Harvard Business Review akamboita chizaruro chinokatyamadza chinotevera,
Vatungamiri vebhizinesi ndivo vanotungamira nzanga makwikwi emisika yemahara uye kukwikwidza, mazwi ayo, kwavari, anomutsa maonero epasirese uye kukosha system inopa mubairo mazano akanaka uye kushanda nesimba, uye inosimudzira hunyanzvi uye meritocracy.
Chokwadi chinotaurirwa, makwikwi anoshuwirwa nemaneja wese ari padyo nekupera kweMicrosoft kwechiratidziro pane zviri kuvarimi vemukaka. Zvese kutaura nezve kunaka kwemakwikwi zvisinei, chinangwa chebhizinesi zano kuendesa bhizinesi kure nemakwikwi akakwana uye munzira ye monopoly. Zvipatara zvakazvimiririra, vashandi vezvokurapa vemakambani uye makambani einishuwarenzi ane makaro anowedzera nhamo yeavo vasina mari yokuchengeta zvakanaka.
Muhurongwa hwecapitalist, makambani einishuwarenzi akazvimirira, mahofisi evanachiremba ane umbozha, uye zvipatara zvinokwikwidzana zvinoshandisa mari yakawanda mukutonga, kutaurirana mitengo, uye kuyedza kudzikamisa mari yevanopihwa inishuwarenzi. Ivo havachaoni varwere sevarwere asi sevatengi pane zvese uye sechinhu chinodhura kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Muhurongwa hwese hwepurofiti, makambani nezvipatara zvemakambani zvinoita basa rakakosha. Ivo havana kupfupika kune vemo monopolies vanochaja inosvika gumi nemaviri% zvakanyanya nekuti vanogona. VaTrump nevatsigiri vavo vanonyengerera avo vanopotsa kuti chero kupindirwa nehurumende kudzora hurongwa hwehutano ikomunizimu. Pfungwa yokuti mugari wemo ane kodzero yokuwana utano kubva pamwana kusvika paguva inomhura, kunyange zvazvo iri tsika yakajairika munyika dzinenge dzose dzakabudirira pasi pano.
Kana mumwe munhu akafenda, semuenzaniso, hapagone kuve nekutaurirana pamusoro pemitengo yezvipatara uye pasina makwikwi ekumisa mitengo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iwe unobhadhara zvaunenge wakumbirwa-kana kuti unodzingwa, chaizvo. Varombo vanogona kuvharwa kubva kuchipatara kuenda kuchipatara kudzamara vasvika kune yakaderera yemakiriniki erubatsiro kana kuendeswa kumba kuti vafe vega. Mamirioni emhuri dzeAmerica dzinotambira mari shoma chirwere chimwe chakakomba kana kukuvara kubva mukubhuroka, chikwereti cheupenyu hwese uye kushaya pekugara. Uye apa ndipo panouya purofiti yemakambani. Hazvishamisi, kune vakuru vakuru vezvipatara vanoita $4.5 miriyoni (2014). Zvakaipisisa, muzvipatara zve2017 zvakashandisa $ 450 mamiriyoni pakushambadzira muU.SA, sezvo vaiva mahotera mashanu-nyeredzi - kwete kuvandudza kutarisirwa kwevarwere.
Kuvimbisa kuti zvematongerwo enyika hazvipindire nemararamiro eAmerica, kukwezva kwemakambani muhutano kwakakura zvakanyanya mumakore makumi mana apfuura. Muna 2018, masangano ezvehutano akashanda akatenderedza 3,000 lobbyists, iyo inodarika mashanu kune imwe neimwe nhengo yeCongress. Muna 2018, pakanga paine 11,654 "vakanyoreswa" (!) Lobbyists muWashington, DC. Kukurudzira kwemakambani kwakapawo $1.3bn yemari yemushandirapamwe. Pakazara, kukwezva kwemakambani kwaipedza madhora 567 miriyoni muna 2018. Izvi zvinopeta nekagumi kupfuura "total" yebasa rakarongeka. Zviri, sekutaura kunoita chirevo chekare, "Tine vezvematongerwo enyika vakanakisa mari inogona kutenga!"
KuMadokero kweEurope, sekuUSA, padhora rega rega rinoshandiswa masangano evashandi uye mapoka ezvido zvevanhu pakutsvaga, makambani makuru nevamiriri vavo vanopedza madhora makumi matatu nemana. With a 34: 1 reshiyo, hazvishamisi kuti mitemo yeEU neUS inofarira makambani makuru pane vanhu vanoshanda vakatendeseka. Nekuda kwekukurudzira kwavo, makambani akazvimirira nemakongiresi vanogashira mabhiri emutero akaderera kana asina emakambani, vane mukana uri nyore kunzvimbo dzemitero uye vanobatsirikana kubva kune rafts ye pro-bhizinesi regulation (euphemistically yakanyorwa deregulation). Izvi zvinokanganisa vashandi nemhuri dzavo zvakarongeka. Kune yavo madhora mashoma ekukurudzira, vamiriri vevashandi vanowana vatengi vavo mibairo yakaderera, kusachengeteka kwakanyanya, kushaikwa kwemabasa, mamiriro ekushanda anotyisa, kusimuka kwe precariat (izwi rokufungidzira rinoreva kuti โvanhu vane basa nemari zvisina kuchengeteka, kunyanya kana vachirangarirwa sekirasiโ), kuderera kwemuhoro, uye gig mabasa (rimwe izwi rehunyanzvi rinoreva kuti โbasa rinotora nguva yakati, kazhinji hupenyu hwechirongwa kana kuti chero bedzi kambani iine chinodiwa ichochoโ. , kuora mwoyo uye chirwere chepfungwa.
Gadziriro yacho yose inoyeuchidza mumwe nezvomutengesi wechitoro weSicilian uyo, paakakumbirwa kuti aripe dziviriro kuMafia, akatyisidzira kudana mapurisa uye akaudzwa pasina mubvunzo kuti mukororo โndiโ mapurisa. Hurumende yeUS inopindira mukubira neindasitiri yezvehutano. Mukupesana zvakanyanya neizvozvo, Nyaya naDeaton vanotsanangura, hurumende haina kupindirana zvakanyanya kana mihoro yepasi ichinetsa. Zvikuru, hurumende inotevedzera neoliberal ideology. Zvinoita kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vafunge kuti muhoro wepasi wakatemerwa nehurumende uri pamusoro pemuhoro unoenda uchaita kuti vashandirwi vagumure vashandi, uye vashandi vanonyatsoziva kuti izvi ndizvo zvichaitika. Izvi ndizvo zvinodzidziswa neanenge ese neoliberal economics zvinyorwa zveutsvene. Nekuda kweiyo neoliberal hegemony, muhoro wepasirese muAmerica hauna kuwedzera kubva 2009 - makore gumi nerimwe!
Kusiyana neizvi, Britain pasi paTony Blair muna 1999 yakachinja kubva pakushaya muhoro wepasi kuenda kune yakaderera muhoro. Zvinoenderana neakawanda neoliberal economist mabhuku ezvidzidzo, kushaikwa kwemabasa kwaifanira kunge kwakatevera. Zvakadaro here? Mazana ezvidzidzo kubvira ipapo akatadza kuwana chero mhedzisiro yakakosha pamazinga ebasa muUK. Mabhuku ezvehupfumi akanyorwa zvakare here? Zvakanaka, kutaura chokwadi, kwete. Usambofa wakarega kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwechokwadi kuchikanganisa a ideology yakanaka. Zvisinei neoliberal ideology, mutemo wemuhoro wepasi unoramba uchikosha kana makambani makuru akaita seGoogle, semuenzaniso, aine temps uye makondirakiti akawanda kupfuura ane vashandi, sezvakaitika muna 2019. Uku kushingirira kwemafungiro pamusoro pechokwadi kunotsanangura hupenyu kumucheto wakaderera.
Zvichakadaro, kumashure kuUSA, pamucheto wepamusoro wezvematongerwo enyika, kukumbirwa kwemakambani, vamiriri vezvehutano kubva kuBig Pharma, zvipatara, mainishuwarenzi, uye, hongu, vanachiremba pachavo, vakashandisa mari inopfuura hafu yebhirioni yemadhora kuchengetedza zvinhu sezvavaigara vari. Kukurudzira uku kunopa mhedzisiro chaiyo kuindasitiri yehutano. Imari inoshandiswa zvakanaka kune avo vane mari. Kana iwe usingakwanise kumiririra pamwero mukuru, haumiririrwe. Worse ari kuuya. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa asi yechokwadi Washington dictum inongoti: "Kana iwe usina chigaro patafura, iwe uri pamenyu."
Mune mamwe mazwi, avo vanoda kuita mari kubva mukutambura kwevanhu vanoziva kushandisa michina yedemocracy, maitiro ekugadzirisa hurongwa, uye kugara patafura vachishandira menyu yevanhuwo zvavo nemari yavo. Yakatobvumira Big Pharma makumi maviri emakore ekuita purofiti pane zvakatemwa zveopioid. Izvi hazvina kuita kuti zvideredze (mashumo e) marwadzo. Zvakadaro mumakore mashoma apfuura USA yakasangana nekuwedzeredza kwezvinodhaka sechikamu chimwe chikuru cherufu rwekupererwa.
Saka, semumwe rudzi rwe theorist akamboti, "chii chinofanira kuitwa?โ โ iro chairo ndiro zita renganonyorwa yeRussia ya1863 na Nikolai Chernyshevsky. Zita racho rakazoshandiswa nemumwe mutungamiriri wechimurenga ainzi Lenin. Chii chinodiwa kuderedza kutambura kweavo vari pazasi peAmerican working class, avo vasina bachelor's degree? Nyaya naDeaton vanoratidza pasi rose mari inowanikwa (UBI), pamwe nehurongwa hwekubhadhara muhoro. Vanyori vanopedzisa vachiti, capitalism inoda kutariswa zvirinani uye kudzorwa, kwete kutsiviwa neimwe fantastic socialist utopia umo nyika inotora muridzi uye manejimendi eindasitiri. Sekureva kwevadzidzi vaviri ava, demokrasi inogona kukwira kune dambudzikoโฆ
Zvisinei, kwatiri, mhedziso yavo ine tariro inomutsa zvinhu zviviri. Yekutanga ine chekuita ne Rosa Luxembourg uyo akamboti, โHakungavi ne magariro pasina democracy uye hapana democracy pasina socialism." Mune mamwe mazwi, kumuunza chirevo chake chemazuva ano, chero bedzi democracy yakavakirwa pa capitalism uye vemakambani vanomiririra vane ruoko rwemahara, kufa kwekupererwa kunoenderera. Contrary to Nyaya uye Deaton's naรฏve maonero, democracy haigone kusimuka kune dambudziko nekuti, sekutaura kwevanyori pachavo, hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hunoshongedzwa nekumanikidza.
Yechipiri diki diki diki diki diki yatinayo tinayo Nyaya uye Deaton' kutadza kufungidzira chero imwe mhando yenyika kunze kwenyika ye capitalist. Kupera uku kunotiyeuchidza nezvemutsoropodzi wezvinyorwa wekuAmerica fredric jameson uyo akati, "Zvava nyore kufungidzira kuguma kwenyika pane kupera kwe capitalism".
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta