Muna 1948, Harry Truman akasunda chirongwa cheinishuwarenzi yehutano isina purofiti mukubudirira kwake, kubva-kumashure kwemushandirapamwe wemutungamiri wenyika. Pakashoropodzwa chirongwa chaTruman se "mushonga wekudyidzana" uye "usiri weAmerica" neAmerican Medical Association ine simba, "Give 'Em Hell Harry" akamira zvakasimba, achidzivirira chirevo chake se“chiKristu chakapfava.”
Muna 1965, Mutungamiri Lyndon Johnson pavakawana nzira yeMedicare (neMedicaid), vakaenda kuMissouri kunoisaina zviri pamutemo kuti ive mutemo. pamberi paTruman - achizivisa kuti "baba chaivo veMedicare" aive Truman. Medicare yaive inishuwarenzi yehutano yemubatanidzwa kune avo makumi matanhatu neshanu uye kupfuura, asi vatsigiri vaitarisira kuti yaive nhanho yekutanga munzira yekuenda kuMedare kune vese.
Mumakore ekuma1970, yakaramba iri chinzvimbo cheDemocratic Party chekutsigira chirongwa cheinishuwarenzi yehutano chakapihwa nemubatanidzwa kune vese ("mubhadhari mumwe chete") - uye mumiriri wavo akasimba aive sachigaro wekomiti diki yeSeneti Health, Ted Kennedy. Inotsigirwa nemasangano uye vakuru, Kennedy akaziviswa a Medicare yezvese kurudziro muna 1971: iyo "Health Security Act." Vachinetsekana nemukurumbira wechirongwa ichi, Mutungamiri Nixon vakapokana neshanduko yainzi yaizochengetedza purofiti, inishuwarenzi yakazvimirira: iyo "Health Insurance Partnership Act." Kennedy akazivisa, "Icho chaicho mubatanidzwa pakati pevatungamiriri nemakambani einishuwarenzi. Hakusi kudyidzana pakati pevarwere nevarapi venyika ino. "
Muna 1976, Jimmy Carter akavimbisa chirongwa cheinishuwarenzi yehutano yenyika mumutambo wake wekukunda wehutungamiri. Kennedy akazozvidaidza kuti "vimbiso isipo" - uye kusawirirana kwavo pamusoro pehutano kwakaenderera mberi kuburikidza nekukundikana kwaKennedy kupikisa kwaCarter musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yeDemocratic 1980.
Sezvo hukasha hweneoliberal capitalism hwakatanga muReagan '80s pakanga paine shanduko yegungwa munyika uye mukati meDemocratic Party. Vatungamiriri veDemocratic - vanozvidaidza "New Democrats” - kashoma kana kunyepedzera kuramba zvido zvekambani zvine makaro. Zvido izvozvo zvakakokwa mubato uye mukugadzirisa mitemo.
Pinda Bill Clinton.
Pakazosvika ma1990, sekuita kwezuva nezuva kwehutano hwekuita sarudzo kubva kuvarwere uye vanachiremba vavo kuenda kumainishuwarenzi uye makambani anoita purofiti, varapi vazhinji vakanga vapinda mukudanwa kwevose vekuAmerica kuti vawane inishuwarenzi yavo kubva kuhurongwa hwemubatanidzwa.
Asi hapana kana mumwe wevarapi ava akakokwa patafura sezvo hutungamiriri hwaClinton hwakagadzira hurongwa hwayo hwe "hutano hwekugadzirisa hutano" pasi pehutungamiriri hwemudzimai wekutanga Hillary Clinton. Gwaro iri rakanyanya kugadzirwa nevemakambani ekuchengetedza hutano lobbyists uye magweta anozivikanwa se Jackson Hole Chidzidzo Boka. Kukadzi 28, 1993 New York Times aive nemufananidzo weboka iri pasi pemusoro wenyaya: "Hillary Clinton's Potent Brain Trust On Health Reform."
Muna 1993, a Amai Jones munyori akatsanangura nemazvo basa risingaite Hillary Clinton raakange apihwa neWhite House: Vaka iri nani, yakapfava, isingadhure mbeva (healthcare system) - asi sanganisira mutambi piano (yakavanzika indasitiri yeinishuwarenzi) pakati pekutengesa kwako.
Chinangwa cheboka reJackson Hole chaive chekugadzira "shanduko" yaichengeta hutano huri mumaoko emakambani anoita purofiti. Chirongwa chakazogadzirwa - chinodaidzwa kuti "Managed Competition" - chaive chakarongeka uye chakaomarara zvekuti bhiri remapeji 1,342 raClintons harina kumbobva pasi.
Panguva iyoyo, ini naNorman Solomon taiva chete vanyori vepepanhau vakanyoreswa munyika vachinyatsoongorora makaro emakambani uye kugadzira mitemo yevakuru yaiparadza “kuchinja kwehutano. Mune imwe column, takanyora kuti: “Chiratidzo cheindasitiri yeinishuwarenzi chiri pamusoro pepfungwa inodzorwa yemakwikwi. Boka rekudzidza reJackson Hole rakatanga chirongwa ichi rinoumbwa nemakambani makuru einishuwarenzi akaita sePrudential, Metropolitan Life, Aetna neCigna, pamwe nezvido zvechipatara nemishonga.
We yataurwa chinyorwa umo "Vatungamiriri veJackson Hole vakakakavadzana kuti makwikwi anotungamirwa ndiyo chete nzira yekudzivisa kutora hurumende 'mari yezvehutano' uye 'kubviswa kweindasitiri yeinishuwarenzi inobhadhara yakawanda.'
We vakanyunyuta kuti hutungamiriri hwaClinton pamwe nevezvenhau vemazuva ese vaisendeka parutivi mari yeinishuwarenzi inobhadhara imwechete "inotsigirwa nenhengo makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu dzeCongress - pamwe nemapoka akaita seConsumers Union nePublic Citizen." Panguva imwecheteyo bhiri raClinton hakuna kwakaenda, iyo White House yakave nechokwadi chekuti shanduko chaiyo - chirongwa chakagadziridzwa chisina kurongwa naAetna, Cigna kana Big Pharma - haina kumbovhoterwa.
Zvakanga zviri zvechokwadi muna 1993 ndezvechokwadi nhasi: Makambani einishuwarenzi youtano haapodzi chero munhu. Vose kubatsira kuhutano hwehutano ihureaucracy yakawandisa yevashandi vezvokurapa, kushambadzira kwehunyengeri, komisheni yekutengesa - pamwe nemhindu yakawandisa ($10 bhiriyoni muchikamu chimwe chete gore rapfuura yeBig 8 inshuwarisi) uye mihoro yemukurumbira. Muripo wevakuru vakuru vehutano avhareji yemamiriyoni gumi nemasere emadhora muna 18.
Mubhadhari mumwechete haangoite dzikisa mutengo nekubvisa tsvina inokonzerwa nekuwanda kwevanoita purofiti - asi zvakare nekuti simba rekutenga rehurongwa hwemubatanidzwa hunogona kudzoreredza mumitengo yemishonga uye zvimwe zvinoputika.
Svetukira kumberi kubva kunaClinton kuenda kumakore aObama, uye takaona simba rakafanana kubva kuvatungamiriri veDemocratic. Vane simba vehutano vekuchengetedza hutano vakaita shuwa kuti inodhura-inoshanda Medicare yeVose yaisatombotariswa, nepo iwo malobbyists akafanana. patafura kubatsira kuti -gadzira "Reform." Ndiani aive patafura anotsanangura kuti sei hofori inishuwarenzi uye makambani emishonga akafumiswa kudaro mumakore gumi apfuura.
Usandifungidzire zvisizvo: Chinhu chakanaka kuti vanhu vane mamiriro akange aripo kare vanogona kuwana kuvharwa pasi peObamacare (kunyangwe ichidhura zvakanyanya) uye kuti Medicaid yakawedzerwa (mumatunhu umo GOP isina kuivhara). Ndizvo kwete chinhu chakanaka chekuti vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi matatu vakasiiwa vasina inishuwarenzi yehutano PAMBERI nedambudziko rekushaikwa kwemabasa rakakonzerwa neCovid-30, uye kuti mamwe mamirioni aive asina-inishuwarenzi. Uye hachisi chinhu chakanaka kuti mari dzehutano dzaisavepo.
Nhoroondo inodzidzisa chidzidzo chakajeka: Chokwadi chekuti nyika yedu ndiyo chete nyika yepamberi yemaindasitiri isina hutano hwepasirese haigone kupihwa mhosva yekuvharirwa kweRepublican chete. Izvo zvakakonzerwawo nevatungamiriri veDemocratics avo vakapedza makumi emakore vachitarisira zvido zvemakambani (pavanenge vachitora mipiro yavo yemushandirapamwe) - uye vachiramba kurwira kuvharirwa kwepasirese.
Iyi nhoroondo yeDemocratic obstruction uye vacillation ndosaka mazana enhume dzakasarudzwa kusvika kugungano reDemocratic remwedzi unouya isa tsoka dzavo pasi. Vakasaina a chikumbiro vachivimbisa kuvhota pasi pepuratifomu yebato kana "isingasanganisire puranga rinotsigira wepasirese, anobhadhara mumwe chete Medicare for All." Anotanga chikumbiro ichi ndiJudith Whitmer, sachigaro wenhumwa dzegungano reNevada. Akaudza Politico: “Denda iri rakatiratidza kuti inishuwarenzi yedu yehutano yakazvimirira haishande kuvanhu vekuAmerica. Mamirioni avanhu akarasikirwa nemabasa avo noutano hwavo panguva imwe cheteyo.”
Nekuda hutungamiriri hwebato izvo zvakashevedzwa naHarry Truman kwemakore makumi manomwe nemaviri apfuura, Whitmer nevamwe veDemocratic activists vari "kupa 'hero".
Jeff Cohen ndiye muvambi weboka re activism RootsAction.org uye muvambi weboka rekuona media FAIR.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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