Yakanyorwa pachiitiko che "Apocalypse Zvino?" nyaya ye Yakatorwa Nguva dzeLondon, pamwe ne Peopleโs Climate March muNew York City nezviitiko pamberi na pashure , uyewo kudhindwa kwebhuku rangu richangobva kuvandudzwa nokuwedzerwa, Kwakanangana neKutonga Kwemamiriro ekunze. (Links: theoccupiedtimes.org, peoplesclimatemarch.org, convergeforclimate.org, beyondthemarch.org, new-compass.net/publications/toward-climate-justice-2nd-edition)
โ Brian Tokar
Nhasi kunowanzoita sekunge takanyura mukufunga kweapocalyptic, zvese mumagariro edu uye mutsika dzakakurumbira. Kubva kuHollywood blockbusters kuenda ku art house dystopias, uye kubva kuhip-hop lyrics kuenda ku โseriousโ mabhuku, mifananidzo yekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze ekunze, hondo isingachinjiki, uye kuparara kwesociety kunenge kuri kuramba kunzvengeka. Zviono zveApocalyptic zvinoratidzika zvakaenzana-zvakapararira munhaurwa yazvino uno, kubva pazvinyorwa zvaDerrick Jensen zveโkuguma kwebudiriroโ kubva kuUS west coast kusvika kumabasa ekufungisisa asi pamwe anosuwisa zvakaenzana a Paul Kingsnorth nevamwe vese veUK Dark Mountain boka.
Kune vamwe, mirangariro yakadaro inongova mhedziso ine mufungo kunyange yenzvero yechinguvana yesayenzi yazvino yomugariro wokunze. Kana tikasamira kupisa mafuta emafuta mukati memakore mashoma anotevera - tarisiro inoita seisingafungidzike mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika aripo - tinogona kutarisana nekudziya kwepasi kwe 4-6 degrees C pakupera kwezana rino remakore, zvichikonzera kuparara kwepasi rose. kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze ayo akabatsira kuchengetedza upenyu hwevanhu pasi pano kwezviuru, uye zvichida makumi ezviuru zvemakore. Tisipo kana sechibvumirano chepasi rose chine revo chekudzikisa kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, isu tingagona sei kudzivirira njodzi huru?
Kune vamwe vechidiki vane pfungwa dzakasimba, tarisiro yekuputsika kwebudiriro inosimbisa: kana takatarisana neramangwana rinotyisa, ndiko kukura kwekukurumidzira kwechimurenga uye kuwedzera kukoka dambudziko. Asi kune vanhu vazhinji, kutarisana nezvisingafungidzike ingori nzira yekuora mwoyo uye kusabatanidzwa. Kana apocalypse isingadzivisiki, sei uchinetseka nekuratidzira zvachose? Vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza kungochera mukati, vachitarisazve simba ravo kune yakavanzika nharaunda uye mafaro (kana matambudziko) ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Imwe ongororo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti ruzivo rwakakura rwesainzi runongoenderana chete neruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze mumatunhu ane pfungwa dzinofambira mberi; nokuda kwavanhu vazhinjisa, kunoratidzika kuva kuchikosha zvikuru kuwirirana nekombamiro yeboka renzanga yomunhu amene kupfuura kugamuchira nzwisiso yakati yechokwadi.
Bhuku richangoburwa, Njodzi: Iyo Apocalyptic Politics yekudonha uye Kuzvarwa patsva, nevadzidzi vana vekuNorth America vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, inotsanangura zvakadzama kuti kufunga kweapocalyptic kwagara kwakafa kweruboshwe, kugonesa kodzero yekurudyi, uye maonero ayo mafambiro akasimba anombundira panjodzi yavo. โMatongerwe enyika orutyo,โ ivo vanopokanidza kudaro, โkutamba nesimba rorudyi, kwete rworuboshwe,โ uye zvinobatira zvakanakisisa zvishuvo zviya โzvinopesana nokuenzana uye nokuda kwehondo, masimba masimba uye masimba masimba enyika.โ
Kusiyana neizvi, sezvakaratidzwa nemunyori wenhoroondo wesocial movement Richard Flacks, vanhu vachavhiringa nemaune maitiro ehupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva kuti vapinde muchirongwa che "kuita nhoroondo" kana vachinge vava nepfungwa inobatika yekuti nzira iri nani inogoneka. Izvi, zveFlacks, ndezvimwe zvemabasa enhoroondo emapato akakurumbira edemocracy: kufambisira mberi pfungwa "yekuti vanhu vanokwanisa uye vanofanirwa kunge vachigadzira nhoroondo yavo, kuti kugadzira nhoroondo kunofanirwa kubatanidzwa nehupenyu hwemazuva ese, izvo [zviripo. ] hurongwa hwemagariro ... hunogona uye hunofanira kutsiviwa nehurongwa hunobvumira kuwana nguva nenguva uye kutora chikamu kwevose muzvisarudzo zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwavo."
Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti zviitiko mumakore mashomanana anotevera uye makumi emakore anotevera zvichange zvichiona kana kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kuchave kunovhiringidza uye kwakaoma, kana njodzi uye yakanyanyisa. Isu tinoziva kuti nyika ine zvese zvehunyanzvi uye zvemari nzira yekumisa kutsamira kwenyika pamafuta ezvicherwa uye kushandura masisitimu edu emagetsi. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti zvinokwanisika kunakidzwa nehupenyu hwepamusoro zvakanyanya pamazinga akaderera ekushandisa pachedu pane zvatiri kutengeswa zuva nezuva. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti isu zvino tiri kurarama pasi pehurongwa hwehupfumi hunopambadza hunonzvenga miganhu ipi neipi pakukura nekukura, hurongwa hwecapitalist hunobereka zvakanyanyisa, kunyange sezvo vanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni maviri vanoshaya nzira yekugutsa zvavanoda zvikurusa zvevanhu.
Chikamu chikuru chesimba rekugadzira rehurongwa rinonyanya kushanda zvinoonekwa uye kushambadza, kana kurwa uye mauto. MuUnited States, 40 muzana yezvokudya zvinogadzirwa zvinoparara gore negore. Munguva ino yekusamira zvakanaka kwehupfumi, kuwedzera kwezvivakwa zveUS kuburitsa nekugovera mafuta ezvicherwa kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza kubva pakukura kwehupfumi makore ekuma1950s. Izvi kunyangwe sekutaura kunoita vesainzi kuti zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvezvicherwa zvemafuta zvinozivikanwa zvinofanirwa kuramba zviri muvhu kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze. Pamitengo yazvino yemafuta, matekinoroji ekutapa โasina kujairikaโ masosi eoiri negasi, senge hydro-fracking, kuchera kwakatwasuka, kuchera mvura yakadzika, uye kubviswa kwemafuta kubva mujecha retara-yaimboonekwa seinogoneka asi ichirambidza hupfumi โ yave pakati pe zvirongwa zvefossil fuel industry zveramangwana. Sezvineiwo, nharaunda dzepasirese dzakatarisana nemhedzisiro yekukurumidza ye "simba rakanyanyisa" kutorwa kuri kuronga, zvichibatsira kumutsa kwakafara, kusimbaradzwa kushorwa kwepasirese.
Remangwana revanhu, uye zvamazvirokwazvo huzhinji hwoupenyu pasi pano, zvino hunotsamira pakukura kweidzo nzanga dzinodzivisa. Kubva kuvanhu vakatarisana nekutyisidzirwa kubva pakuputsika kana mapaipi matsva emafuta negasi, kuenda kune veko uye vamwe vanhu vane nyika vari muhondo dzenguva refu vachipokana nekukurumidzira kutorwa kwezviwanikwa - pamwe nenharaunda dzemumaguta dziri panjodzi yekunyanya kupisa uye kumwe kutyisidzira kwehutano hwezvakatipoteredza - the kushevedzera kwekururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze ishoko rinogona kubatanidza. Mune mamwe marongero, vanhu vari kutorazve mukana wekugadzirisa masisitimu echikafu uye kugadzira mamwe magetsi enharaunda. Nemhinduro dzakarongwa dzepamusoro-pasi dziri kuderera - kubva kudhipatimendi yemamiriro ekunze kusvika kune emakambani ezuva nemhepo mapurazi - vimbiso yakagara iripo yenhoroondo yekufamba kwemafambiro inogona kunge iri tariro yedu yakanakisa yekudzikinura ramangwana.
Mumakore ekuma1970 nekutanga kwemakumi masere masangano akadzika midzi muEurope neUS akadzivirira kuvakwa kwemazana emamwe magwenya emagetsi enyukireya, kazhinji achimbundikira zvematongerwo enyika ezvekuita kwakananga munharaunda kwakadzika midzi mupraxis yemukati yedemocracy yakananga. Mapoka mazhinji haana kudana kwete bedzi kuguma kwesimba renyukireya, asi akapawo chiono chenhevedzano itsva yenzanga, yakadzika midzi munzanga dzinoshandisa simba rezuva dzakagadzirira kudzorera ramangwana radzo rezvamatongerwe enyika pamwe chete neramangwana radzo resimba. Kuedza kugadzirisa zvivakwa nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uye kumaguta ese "akasvibira", aive pakati pematanho akakosha emusangano iwoyo, sekubuda kwezvematongerwo enyika eGreen kumativi ese eAtlantic. Vamwe varatidziri vakakweva kurudziro kubva muzvinyorwa zvaMurray Bookchin nedzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vakaongorora mavambo emagariro nezvematongerwo enyika ezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza uye vakapa miono inovaka yenzanga yakasandurwa yakadzika midzi musimba rakakurumbira uye yakabatana gutsaruzhinji.
Zviripachena nhasi hapana bhurandi rimwechete reshanduko yemagariro, asi tsika yakavandudzwa yekuramba uye kutsvaga kwemaitiro matsva ekuvandudza magariro uye ecological. Nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zverunyararo Randall Amster inotaura nenzira kwayo kuti mapurojekiti edu eutopian "anoonekwa nemazvo sekuedza kunoenderera uye kwete zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa." Mukutanga 1960s (chaizvo kusati kwave kugamuchirwa kwakafara kwemutauro usiri wepabonde), piyona wezvidzidzo zveramangwana Frederick Polak akanyora kuti โโฆ iye amene panguva ino, nemhaka yokushuva chengeteko uye nokuda kworutyo rwenguva yemberi, budiriro yake ichasvika kumugumo. Haana zvaanogona kuita kunze kwokurota kana kuti kufa, achishora nzanga yose yokuMadokero kuti afe naye.โ Izvi ndezvechokwadi zvakaenzana pamiganhu yevakadzi nemagariro, uye hazvichagumiri kuMadokero. Nepo vamwe vangangofarira chirevo chekuti 'kupera kwebudiriro,' ramangwana rinogoneka remunhu wese rinotsamira pane rakanyanya kuoma, asi zvakare rine tariro purojekiti yekuvandudza magariro nemagariro.
Zviitiko zvevhiki rinouya muNew York City zvinosimudza tariro yekutora chirongwa ichi kusvika padanho idzva. Ona:
Ichangobva kuvandudzwa uye yakawedzerwa edition yaBrian Tokar's Kwakanangana neKutonga Kwemamiriro ekunze, ichangobva kuburitswa neNew Compass Press (new-compass.net/zvinyorwa/ kune-climate-justice-2nd-edition). Ndiye mutungamiriri weInstitute for Social Ecology (social-ecology.org) uye mudzidzisi wezvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza paYunivhesiti yeVermont.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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"nhoroondo inofanira kubatanidzwa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva"
nhoroondo INObatanidzwa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva
ndicho chikonzero kufamba-famba-famba manhatten, kwemaawa mashomanana, uye kudzokera kune mamwe maitiro ezuva nezuva anotiisa mukugadzirisa uku, hapana chichachinja.
http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/26244-mexico-researcher-raises-alert-about-environmental-risks-in-region-with-highest-concentration-of-wind-farms-in-latin-america
kunyanya kubatanidzwa, kupfuura iyo anthroposphere