Musi waNyamavhuvhu 12, 1945, mazuva matanhatu mushure mekunge hurumende yeUS yaparadza guta reHiroshima nebhomba rimwe chete reatomu, Robert Hutchins, mutungamiri weYunivhesiti yeChicago, akaunza Hurukuro yavose inoshamisa. Achitaura pachirongwa chake cheredhiyo chesvondo rega rega, the Chicago Roundtable, Hutchins akacherekedza kuti Leon Bloy, muzivi weFrance, akanga ataura nezve“mashoko akanaka eshurikidzo” achifunga kuti kutya hero yomwoto isingaperi kwaizokurudzira mufambiro wetsika. “Kungava,” Hutchins akatsinhira kudaro, “kuti bhomba reatomu mashoko akanaka eshurikidzo, kuti rigotityisidzira kupinda muunhu ihwohwo hwechiKristu nezviito izvozvo zvakarurama nematanho iwayo akanaka ezvamatongerwe enyika ari madikanwa kukusikwa kwenzanga yenyika.”
Maererano naHutchins, nzanga yenyika iyi yaizoshanda senheyo yehurumende yenyika, uye, mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi iripo inokonzerwa nehondo yenyukireya, akanga akazvipira zvachose kuigadzira. “Kusvikira kuMuvhuro wapfuura,” akadaro, “ndakanga ndisina tariro huru nokuda kwehurumende yenyika.” Asi kuvhunduka kwebhomba reatomu, akawedzera, kwakajekesa “kudikanwa kwesangano renyika.”
Mumwedzi yakatevera, Hutchins akagadzira uye, zvino, akatungamira Komiti Yekugadzira Bumbiro Renyika - boka revanhu vane njere dzinoona kure vakaita nhaurirano dzekukunda kupatsanura kwekare kwevanhu uye, nekudaro kuenderera mberi kwehurudzi kuenda kuhurongwa hune hunhu uye hunoshanda. hutongi hwepasi rose. Muna 1948, vakapa Preliminary Draft yeBumbiro reNyika, riine a Preamble achizivisa kuti, kuti vanhu vafambire mberi, vave norugare, uye varuramisire, “nguva yemarudzi inofanira kuguma uye nguva yevanhu inotanga.
Dare reChicago rakagadzira asi chikamu chidiki chehombe inoshamisa uye ine simba sangano rehurumende yenyika izvozvo, zvichitora sirogani inoti “Nyika Imwe Kana Kuti Hapana,” yakabudirira mukupera kwema1940. MuUnited States, gurusa ramasangano matsva, United World Federalists, rakatora mitezo 46,775 720 uye maganhuro 1949 pakasvika pakati pa45. Chinangwa chekuumba mubatanidzwa wepasi rose chakatsigirwa nemasangano makuru makumi mana nemashanu emunyika, anosanganisira National Grange, General Federation of Women's Clubs, United Auto Workers, Junior Chamber of Commerce, Young Democrats, Young Republicans, uye masangano ezvitendero akawanda. . Gore iroro, matare edzimhosva ehurumende makumi maviri akaita zvisungo zvinotsigira hurumende yepasi rose, nepo nhengo dze20 dzeImba yeVamiririri uye 111 Senators vakatsigira sarudzo yekongiresi vachizivisa kuti United Nations itsva inofanira kushandurwa kuva "mubatanidzwa wenyika." Kumukirana kwakafanana kwakaitika munyika dzakawanda pasi rose.
Kunyange zvazvo iyi hondo yehondo yakakurumbira yakaderera nokuwedzerwa kweHondo Yemashoko, sezvakaita tariro yeshanduko huru yegadziriro yenyika, sangano racho rakawana chinjo dzinoverengeka dzinokosha munhevedzano yenyika. Kwete chete United Nations tanga kuita chikamu chakakosha murunyararo rwepasirese uye kuedza kwekururamisira, asi kukurudzira kwekutanga kwesangano rehurumende yepasirese-njodzi iripo yehondo yenyukireya-yakatanga kugadziriswa nenharaunda yenyika.
Chokwadi, a chikuru, chepasi rose chekufamba kwezvombo zvenyukireya, yaiwanzotungamirwa nevaimbove varwiri vezvematongerwo enyika mushandirapamwe wehurumende yepasi rose, yakamuka uye yakaunganidza vanhu kutenderera pasirese. Nenzira iyi, zvakaisa dzvinyiriro huru pahurumende dzenyika kuti dzibve pamucheto wengwavaira. Pakasvika pakati pema1990, hurumende dzenyika dzakanga dzabvuma nokuzengurira nhevedzano huru yezvibvumirano zvokudzora zvombo zvenyukireya zvamarudzi ose nezvibvumirano zvokuderedza zvombo uye dzakanga dzisingachatyisidziri kupinza nyika muruparadziko rukuru rwenyukireya.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvisinei, nzanga yenyika iyoyo yave ichiparara nemhaka yengozi ine ngozi kudzoka kweurudzi. Kubva kuUnited States kuenda kuRussia, kubva kuIndia kuenda kuBrazil, nyika zhinji dzakatsvairwa nexenophobia, zvisingakonzere rumutsiriro rwakashata rwemujaho wezvombo zvenyukireya, asi kusakwanisa kushanda pamwechete kupikisa kutyisidzira kwazvino kuripo mukupona kwevanhu: mamiriro ekunze. shanduko. Kurwira zvido zvavo zvenyika zvakatetepa-kazhinji zvichibva pane zvishoma kupfuura kuwedzera purofiti yemaindasitiri avo emafuta emafuta- Nyika idzi dzakabvarura kubva pazvibvumirano zvishoma zvepasirese zvakatipoteredza zvekare kana, zvakanakisa, vakaratidza kusada kutora matanho akakosha kugadzirisa dambudziko.
Uye idambudziko. Nemazaya echando ari kunyunguduka, mwero wegungwa uchikwira, makondinendi akazara (akadai seAustralia) mumirazvo yemoto, kuparara kwekurima, uye madutu eutsinye husina kumboitika huri kuparadza, njodzi yemamiriro ekunze haisisiri kufanotaura, asi chinhu chaicho.
Chii chingaitwa nezvazvo?
Sezviri pachena, sezvazvakangoitawo kuparara kwenyukireya, hapana nyika imwe chete inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri pachayo. Kunyange kana nyika duku yakaita seNetherlands, kana kuti nyika huru yakaita seUnited States, yakakwanisa kukurumidza kugadzira gadziriro ye100 muzana yesimba rinoshandiswazve patsva, chiito ichocho chingave chisina kukwana, nokuti dzimwe nyika dzingadai dzichiri kubudisa magasi anopisa anopisa anodarika akakwana okuparadza. nyika.
Saka zvechokwadi hapana imwe mhinduro kungwavaira yemamiriro okunze iri kutekeshera kunze kwokuti vanhu nemarudzi vakanganwe ruvengo rwavo rwemadzinza ndokutanga kuzvibata sorutivi rwenzanga yenyika, yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete negadziriro inobudirira yokutonga kwenyika yose. Dambudziko remamiriro okunze, kufanana netarisiro yokuparadza kwenyukireya, chaizvoizvo “mashoko akanaka okuraswa.” Uye tinogona chete kuzvikunda nekushanda pamwe chete.
Nyika imwe kana hapana!
Dr. Lawrence Wittner, yakabatanidzwa ne PeaceVoice, ndiye Purofesa weNhoroondo yakabuda muSUNY / Albany uye munyori we Kutarisana neBhomba (Stanford University Press).
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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