Vezvematongerwo enyika nemakambani emafuta vari kusvetukira pane yakasvibira bandwagon,
asi havana zvigadzikiso zvedambudziko rakadzika midzi muucapitalism
Mwedzi uno, takaitirwa chiitiko chinoshamisa chaGeorge Bush naStephen Harper mumwe nemumwe achizivisa kunetseka kwavo kukuru nezve "dambudziko rakakura rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose." Mutungamiri weUS nemutungamiri weCanada, vese vagara kwenguva refu vachipikisa chero chiito chekudzikamisa magasi egreenhouse, vava kuda kuti titende kuti kuchengetedza nharaunda kwave kukoshesa kwehurumende dzavo.
Chokwadi, unyengeri hwevezvematongerwo enyika vecapitalist hahuna magumo!
Ivo nevatenzi vavo vemakambani vanoda dzivisa chiito pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye vave vachiita izvozvo kwemakore. Kuda kwavo kuzvipfekedza girinhi isina kufanira kune zvese zvine chekuita nehukama hweveruzhinji: uye hapana chekuita nekuponesa pasi.
Kuramba Sayenzi
Masayendisiti ane ruzivo anobvuma kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze ichokwadi, uye kuti chikonzero chikuru ndechokushandiswa kwemafuta, kunyanya oiri, gasi, uye marasha. Nyika nhasi inopisa zvikuru kupfuura zvayakanga yakaita makumi mashomanene amakore apfuura, uye mwero wokuwedzera uri kukurumidza. Kana tikasakumisa, pakupera kwezana rino ramakore pasi richange rava kupisa kupfuura zvaraimboita kubvira apo vanhu vakatanga kufamba pasi.
Zvikasatariswa, izvi zvichava netapuro dzakashata paupenyu hwomunhu, hwemhuka, uye hwezvirimwa. Zvibereko zvichaderera zvakanyanya, zvichitungamirira kunzara pamwero wakafara. Mazana emamiriyoni evanhu achatamiswa nekusanaya kwemvura mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye nekukwira kwemvura yemugungwa mune dzimwe. Zvirwere zvemarariya nekorera zvingangoitika. Mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakakura muAsia, Africa, neLatin America: pavanhu vane hupenyu hwakatoparadzwa ne imperialism kakawanda.
Asi izvi hazvina kumisa makambani nevezvematongerwo enyika kutaura kuti havana ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuti vaone kana dambudziko riripo, ndoda kuti chii chingaitwa pamusoro paro. Kuramba kwavo kwakatsigirwa neboka revaramba kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze avo vanogara vachitorwa mumapepanhau nenhau nezvenyaya iyi.
Chirevo chechangobva kuitika kubva kuUnion of Concerned Scientists chinoratidza kuti network inoratidzika yakakura yevanoramba ichokwadi vanhu vashoma vanozviita sevakawanda nekushanda kuburikidza nemapoka anopfuura makumi matatu epamberi. ExxonMobil, kambani hombe yepasirese inotengeswa neveruzhinji, yave mutsigiri wezvemari kumapoka ese aya : yakavabhadhara mamirioni kuti "vagadzirise kusava nechokwadi" nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Pasina tsaona, ExxonMobil ndiyo yakakura kwazvo kambani inogadzira magreenhouse gasi. Dai ExxonMobil yaive nyika, ingave iri yechitanhatu pakukura sosi yekuburitsa.
Zvichakadaro, mamwe masangano emakambani neehurumende anga achishanda nesimba kuti atsause pfungwa kubva kune vanosvibisa makambani uye kune vanhu. Vanopomera vanhu vamwe navamwe nokuda kwokusadzora shure, kusatyaira zvishomanene, kusaisa zvidziviriro mudzimba dzavo uye kusashandisa magirobhu asina simba rakaderera. Mushandirapamwe wehurumende yeCanada weโOne-Tonne Challengeโ, uye kuiswa kweโCongestion Chargeโ pavafambi vemotokari muLondon, England, inyaya dzenyaya: vese vanoti vanhu vane mhosva uye vanofanirwa kubhadhara mutengo wekuchenesa mhepo. .
Zviri pachena kuti kuchengetedza kwakakosha. Asi chero bedzi mafossil mafuta hofori achienderera mberi nebhizinesi semazuva ese, kuedza kwemunhu kuchave nemhedzisiro shoma.
Nguva yeGreenwash
Kuramba kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kupa mhosva kune vanhu kwakashanda zvakanaka kusvika zvino, asi maitiro akadaro ave kurasikirwa nekubudirira.
Humbowo hwesainzi hwekunyevera kwepasirese hunowedzera kuwanda mazuva ese. Musi waKukadzi 2, iyo UN-inotsigirwa neIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ichaburitsa mushumo mukuru pamusoro pezvikonzero zvayo. Vatori venhau vakaona zvinyorwa zvemushumo uyu vanoti zvinosimbisa kuti kudziya kwepasi kuzhinji kubva muna 1950 kwakakonzerwa nemagasi e<em>greenhouse anogadzirwa nevanhu, uye anonyevera kuti kudziya mumakore 25 anotevera kuchawedzera nekaviri kupfuura muzana remakore rapfuura.
Zvakawanda, kunyangwe paine kuvhiringidzika uye kusaziva, kunetseka kweveruzhinji nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukura. Vavhoti nevatengi vanoda chiito: sarudzo dzinoratidza kuti nharaunda ikozvino yapfuura heath care seyakanyanya kunetseka yevavhoti veCanada.
Ndosaka George Bush naStephen Harper vava kusvetuka zvine mutsindo pane yakasvibira bandwagon uye vachiedza kubata matomu. Ndosaka Bush akanzwa achimanikidzwa kutaura nezvekudziya kwepasirese mune yake State of the Union meseji.
Kunyange ExxonMobil iri padivi: kambani inoti yakamira kupa mari kumapoka emamiriro ekunze-kuchinja-kuramba, uye vatungamiriri vayo vari kusangana nemapoka ezvemamiriro ekunze kuti vakurukure zvikumbiro zvekudzora kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa.
Stephane Dion, achangobva kusarudzwa kuti atungamire Liberal Party yeCanada, ari kutatamura vezvematongerwo enyika. Paaive Gurukota rezvezvakatipoteredza, Dion haana chaakaita kumisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuCanada kukwira ne30%. Iye zvino sezvo ari mutungamiri webato rinopikisa rehurumende, anoti achaita kuti nharaunda ive pamberi payo kana akakunda musarudzo dzinotevera.
Chinzvimbo chaicho chaDion pakumisa kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse chakaratidzwa mumhinduro yake pakuwedzera kwechirongwa cheAlberta Tar Sands. Kubvisa oiri kubva mujecha retara kunogadzira kaviri nehafu gasi regreenhouse rakawanda sekugadzirwa kweoiri kwakajairika. Chirongwa cheAlberta Tar Sands ndicho chikonzero chikuru chimwe chikonzero nei kubuda kweCanada kwakakwira zvakanyanya kubva nyika ino yakasaina Kyoto Accord. Asi paakabvunzwa kuti aizoita sei nezvazvo muna May 2005, Dion akaramba achiti: โPasi pano hapana gurukota rezvemhoteredzo rinogona kumisa izvi kuti zvisaenderere mberi, nekuti mune mari yakawandisa.
Ndizvo zvazvakaita muzera regreenwash: kutaura kwakawanda nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, asi hapana chiito chingakanganisa kodzero isingabvisiki yemakambani kuita mari. Purofiti inogara ichiuya pekutanga, zvisinei nekuti macapitalist vezvematongerwo enyika vanoti vakasvibira sei.
Kodzero Dzekusvibisa Dzinotengeswa
Kutaura idi, pane nhamburiko huru dziri kuitwa dzokupwisa avo vane hanya pamusoro pemamiriro okunze kuti chigadzikiso chiripo wedzera mubereko wavasvibisi.
Gore rapfuura, hurumende yeBritain yakadoma nyanzvi munyaya dzezvehupfumi, VaNicholas Stern, kuti vaongorore dambudziko rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Chirevo chake chakaratidza chikonzero chedambudziko:
โUtsi hweGHG ndehwekunze; nemamwe mazwi, kuburitsa kwedu kunokanganisa hupenyu hwevamwe. Kana vanhu vasingabhadhare mhedzisiro yezviito zvavo isu tinotadza musika. Uku ndiko kukanganisa kukuru kwemusika kwakamboonekwa nenyika. "
โExternalityโ ishoko rinoshandiswa nevecapitalist economists kana makambani makuru asingabhadhare kukuvadzwa kwaanoita. Kusvibisa ndiyo muenzaniso wakakwana: makambani ega ega anosvibisa, asi nzanga yese inotakura mutengo. Ruoko rusingaoneki rwaAdam Smith, urwo rwunonzi runovimbisa zvakanakisa zvepasi rose, harushande pane zvekunze.
Vamwe vacherechedzi vanogona kugumisa kuti izvi zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kurega kuvimba nemisika, asi kwete Nicolas Stern, uye kwete vazhinji vanoita mitemo. Mhinduro yavo yekutadza kwemusika ndeye: gadzira mamwe misika!
Iyo inonyanya kutaurwa "yemusika mhinduro" yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze : iyo yakanyorwa muKyoto Protocol : ndeyekumisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa emission, uyezve kuisa kukosha kwemari pane kodzero yekusvibisa.
Kana mubatanidzwa ukafunga kuti zvinodhura zvakanyanya kuderedza utsi, unogona kutenga kiredhiti yekusvibisa kubva kune imwe kambani, kana kuti inogona kupa mari mapurojekiti egirinhi muNyika Yetatu. Ontario Hydro, semuenzaniso, inogona kuramba ichishandisa zvidyarwa zvemarasha kana ikadyara miti yakakwana muIndia kana Brazil.
George Monbiot akafananidza izvi nemaitiro ekare ekutengesa kuregererwa. Kana wanga wakapfuma uye ukauraya kana makunakuna kana chipi zvacho, Chechi yaikutengesa ruregerero nemutengo wakatarwa pachivi. Waisafanira kurega kutadza: chero wakabhadhara muripo, Chechi yaizovimbisa kupinda kwako kudenga.
Iwo emissions ekutengesa zvirongwa zvakanyanyisa kuipa kupfuura izvozvo. Zvinoita sekunge Chechi yangopa mutadzi wese murwi weBuda MuGehena makadhi Emahara: uye avo vasingatadzi zvakakwana kuti vaashandise ese vanogona kuzoatengesa kune vamwe vanoda kutadza zvakanyanya.
Carbon Trading, chirevo chakaburitswa neSweden Dag Hammerskold Foundation, chinoratidza kwete chete kuti kutengeserana kwehutsi hakushande, asi kuti kunotoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa, nekunonoka kuita chiito chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwevapari vemakambani makuru. Zvakare, sezvo pasina nzira inoshanda yekuyera mhedzisiro yekutengesa emissions, maitiro ese ari pasi pekubiridzira kukuru. Kutengeserana kweEmissions kwakagadzira mhepo huru kune vanosvibisa: inowedzera ipapo midziyo yavo, uye inoita zvishoma kuderedza kuburitswa.
Imwe nzira "inofambiswa nemusika" inokurudzira kubhadharisa mitero inobhadhariswa pamakambani egreenhouse gasi. Asi kana "carbon tax" yakadzikira, haimise kuburitsa : uye kana yakakwira zvakakwana, makambani anoendesa mashandiro awo kunyika dzisingakanganise bhizinesi semazuva ese. Chero zvazvingaitika, hazvigoneke kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vecapitalist vachatemera mitero inomanikidza vatsigiri vavo vemakambani kuita shanduko chaidzo.
Sekutaura kwakaita munyori wekuAustralia Dick Nichols, chero munhu anopokana kuti misika inoshanduka kukunda shanduko yemamiriro ekunze anofanirwa kupindura mibvunzo yakaoma:
"Kumbundira capitalism : zvisinei kuti chiono chakasvibira sei : machira ezvemamiriro ekunze emusika ane nyaya yakaoma yekudzivirira. Vanofanira kutsanangura chaizvo nzira iyo hurongwa hwakapedza zviwanikwa uye simba mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura kupfuura budiriro yevanhu yakapfuura inogona kuitwa kuti igadzikane uyezve kuderedza chiyero chayo chekuparara kwezviwanikwa uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Izvi zvingaite sei zvakashata zvakashata, zvine chepfu, uye kusaenzana kwehupfumi chaizvoizvo ichaitwa kuunza matekinoroji, mashandisirwo ekushandisa uye kugovaniswa kwemari yakawanda, pasina izvo kutaura kwese kwekuchengetedza ijoke rinorwara? " (Environment, Capitalism uye Socialism)
Hapana Capitalist Solution
Chero munhu anonzwisisa anofanira kupedzisira abvunza kuti sei macapitalist nehurumende dzavo vachitsvaga kudzivirira chiito chinoshanda pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Munhu wese, kusanganisira macapitalist nevezvematongerwo enyika, vachabatwa. VaNicholas Stern vanoti hupfumi hwenyika huchadzikira nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana kana tikasaita basa. Saka sei vanhu vane simba vasingaite chimwe chinhu?
Mhinduro ndeyokuti chinetso chacho chakadzika midzi muhunhu chaihwo hwenzanga ye<em>capitalist, iyo inoumbwa nezviuru zvemakambani, ose achikwikwidzana nokuda kwekudyara uye nokuda kwemhindu. Iko hakuna "kufarira munharaunda" mu capitalism: zviuru chete zvezvido zvakaparadzana zvinokwikwidzana.
Kana kambani ikafunga kuisa mari yakawanda mukucheka zvinobuda, purofiti yayo inodzika. Vagadziri vemari vanozofambisa mari yavo muinvestment ine pundutso. Pakupedzisira kambani yegirini ichaenda kunze kwebhizinesi.
Mutemo wakakosha wecapitalism unoti "Kura kana Kufa." Anarchic, kusarongeka kukura hakusi tsaona, kana zvekunze, kana kutadza kwemusika. Ndiwo hunhu hwechikara.
Vanamazvikokota vanotenda kuti kudzikamisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunoda kuderedzwa kwe70% kana kukuru mukuburitswa kweCO2 mumakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu anotevera - uye izvo zvinoda kudzikiswa kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta. Zvipingamupinyi zvitatu zvikuru zvinorwisa capitalism kuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho.
- Kuchinja kubva mufossil kuenda kune mamwe magetsi kunoda mari yakawanda. Munguva iri pedyo-nguva iyi inenge isingabatsiri mari, muhupfumi husingagoni kushanda pasina purofiti.
- Iyo CO2 kuderedza kunofanirwa kuve kwepasirese. Mhepo nemvura hazvimire pamiganhu. Chero bedzi capitalism inoramba iri hurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika, shanduko dzakanaka munyika imwe neimwe dzichakanganiswa nekupikisa mune dzimwe nyika kutsvaga mukana wekukwikwidza.
- Iko kushanduka kunofanira kunge kwakazara. Kusiyana nemishandirapamwe yekare yekurwisa kusvibiswa kwaitarisana nemaindasitiri ega, kana makemikari akadai seDDT, kumisa magasi egreenhouse kunoda shanduko inotyisa. chikamu chose chehupfumi. Kugadziridza pachiyero chakakura kudai hazvigoneke zvachose mu capitalist framework: uye chero kuedza kuita kuti zviitike kunosangana nekupikiswa kwakanyanya.
Chete hupfumi hwakarongerwa zvinodiwa nevanhu, kwete purofiti, hune mukana wekudzikisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kudzoreredza kukuvadzwa kwakatoitwa. Chete kuronga kwedemocracy socialist kunogona kukunda matambudziko anokonzerwa necapitalist anarchy.
Kurwira Shanduko
Asi hazvirevi kuti tinofanira kumirira socialism kuti ipikisane nevanosvibisa. Pane zvinopesana, isu tinogona uye tinofanira kurwira shanduko nhasi: zvinogoneka kuhwina zvakakosha, uye kuvaka sangano rekumisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuve chikamu chakakosha chekuvaka bato resocialism.
Shanduko yakasimba yekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kuvakwa pazvido zvakaita seizvi:
- Gadzira uye simbisa nekukurumidza kudzikiswa kwekumanikidza mukuburitswa kweCO2: kudzikisira chaiko, kwete zvirongwa zvekutengesa zvenhema.
- Ita kuti makambani anogadzira greenhouse gasi abhadhare mutengo wakakwana wekucheka utsi.
- Pedzisa rubatsiro rwese kune vanogadzira mafuta efossil.
- Tungamirazve mabhiriyoni ari kushandiswa muhondo nezvikwereti mukufambisa kwevanhu, mudzimba dzekugadzirisa uye mahofisi ekugadzirisa simba remagetsi, uye muzvirongwa zvesimba rinovandudzwa.
Makambani uye vatungamiriri vemubatanidzwa vanochengetedza (kusanganisira imwe-nguva yakakura Buzz Hargrove yeCanadian Auto Workers mubatanidzwa) vanotamba nekutya kurasikirwa nemabasa kuita kuti vashandi vapikise chiito chekuchengetedza nharaunda. Zvese zvinodaidzira zvekugadzirisa indasitiri zvinofanirwa kusanganiswa nekupokana nekudzingwa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kuwana mukana wekudzidziswazve uye kutamiswa pamuripo wesangano, nemuhoro wakakwana wemubatanidzwa.
Sangano rinofanirwa kutarisisa zvakanyanya pane zvinodiwa zveNyika Yetatu. Sekunyora kwakaita muratidziri wezve ecology Tom Athanasiou, isu tinofanirwa "kudzivirira Maodzanyemba kubva pakumanikidzwa kuita sarudzo isingaite pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kune rimwe divi uye 'budiriro' kune rimwe." Vanhu veNyika Yetatu vakatambura nemazana emakore ehurombo apo nyika dzavo dzakapambwa kuti dzipfumise masimba emaimbi. Iye zvino ndivo vakanyanya kurohwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Vanotsamwiswa, uye zvakakodzera, nechero zano rekuti ivo zvino vanofanirwa kumanikidzwa kusiya hupfumi hwenyika kuti vagadzirise dambudziko rakagadzirwa nevashandisi vavo kuchamhembe.
Chirongwa chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chinoshanda chinozotsigira hondo dziri muNyika Yetatu kurwisa hutongi hwemaimperiya uye kukanganisa hupfumi hwavo. Ichapikisa kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemaindasitiri anosvibisa kumaodzanyemba kwepasirese, kutsigira mishandirapamwe yekuvandudza ivhu uye kutungamirazve zvekurima kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa munharaunda, kwete kutumira kuchamhembe. Tinofanira kuda kuti hurumende dzedu dzipe nzira dzese dzerubatsiro runobatsira kubatsira nyika dzeNyika dzeTatu kuwana nekuita zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvinofambirana nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza pasi rose.
Muenzaniso weCuba, nyika ine urombo ine upfumi hushoma, unoratidza zvinogona kuitwa. World Wildlife Fund nguva pfupi yadarika yakaratidza Cuba senyika yega pasi rose inosangana nezvinodiwa zvebudiriro. Cuba yakawana izvo nepo hupfumi hwayo hwaikura zvakapetwa kaviri nekukurumidza seavhareji yeLatin America, saka dambudziko harisi kukura. capitalist kukura.
Sarudzo Yevanhu
Muna 1918, mukati mehondo inotyisa zvikurusa iyo nyika yakanga isati yamboona, mutungamiriri mukuru wesoshalist weGermany Rosa Luxemburg akanyora kuti chisarudzo chakatarisana nenyika chakanga chiri โSocialism kana kuti Barbarism.โ
Sezvatinoziva, socialism haina kukunda mu20th Century. Panzvimbo iyoyo takava nezana ramakore rehondo uye kuuraya rudzi: iyo barbarism yaityiwa naRosa Luxemburg.
Nhasi tinotarisana nechisarudzo ichocho mune imwe nzira itsva uye yakatonyanya kutyisa. Ane mukurumbira wezvemamiriro ekunze weUS Ross Gelbspan anoisa nyaya iyi nenzira yakaoma:
โKuregedza kukuru hakudzivisiki. Hupenyu hwakabatanidzwa hwatakararama semhuka kwezviuru zvemakore hahuzopfuuriri kwenguva refu mune ramangwana. Isu tichaona magadzirirwo ebudiriro pasi pekurwiswa kwemamiriro ekunze ari kuramba asina kugadzikana: kana zvikasadaro tichashandisa kuvaka kwesimba idzva repasi rose kutanga kugadzira hukama hutsva hwepasirese. " (Boiling Point, p. 17)
Gelbspan, kufanana nevazhinji vezvemhoteredzo, anoisa tariro yake pakunyengetedza vanoita zvisarudzo zvecapitalism kuti kugumisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze "chinhu chakakosha chetsika." Chiitiko chakapfuura, uye kunzwisiswa kwezvinodiwa zvecapitalism, zvinoratidza kuti tariro isina maturo.
Pane kudaro, tichidzokorora Marx naEngels neLuxemburg, tinofanira kutaura kuti sarudzo yemunhu mu21st Century ndeye. EcoSocialism kana Barbarism.
Hapana nzira yechitatu.
References
Tom Athanasiou: Chokwadi Chisingafadzi, Chikamu II.
Dag Hammerskold Foundation: Kutengeserana kweCarbon: Hurukuro Yakakosha paKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze, Kushambadzira uye Simba. Gumiguru 2006.
Joel Kovel naMichael Lowy: An EcoSocialist Manifesto.
Ross Gelbspan: Boiling Point. Basic Books, 2005.
George Monbiot: Kupisa: Nzira yekumisa sei Nyika kubva Kupisa. Doubleday Canada, 2006. (Bhuku raMonbiot rinoongororwa naDerrick O'Keefe mu Seven Oaks, Ndira 14, 2007.)
Dick Nichols: "Ko Mitero Yakasvibira Inogona Kuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza?" mu Environment, Capitalism uye Socialism.
Nicholas Stern: Ongororo Yakasimba pamusoro peEconomics yeKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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