Mupiro wakakura we "nyanzvi dzemukati" Afghanistan Study Group report (verenga pano; tumira kune vamiririri vako muCongress pano) kurudziro yekutanga ndeichi:
1. Simbisa kugovana masimba uye kubatanidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika.
IUS inofanirwa kumhanyisa chirongwa cherunyararo chakagadzirirwa kuendesa masimba mukati meAfghanistan uye kukurudzira kugovana masimba pakati pemapato makuru.
Sezvingatarisirwa, zvinoita sekunge kwave nekupokana kukuru kusvika pari zvino kuchikumbiro ichi:
Oh mwari wangu. Ungafunga sei kuti US inofanirwa kutsigira chibvumirano cherunyararo neAfghan insurgency. Iwe unofanirwa kunge uri imwe mhando yeamoral monster.
Ho hum. Hapana chitsva apa. Munhu wose anotoziva izvi. Sei muchiremedza moyo murefu wedu nokutaura zviri pachena sokunge zvakazarurwa zvakadzika? Uyu watova mutemo weAdministration. Famba uchifamba, hapana chauri kuona pano.
Zvinofanira kuenda pasina kutaura kuti zvipikiso zviviri izvi, sechinhu chepfungwa, zvakangofanana. Nzira yerunyararo yechokwadi inotungamira kunguva itsva yezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan inopedza hondo yevagari vemo inogona kunge iri pfungwa yakaipisisa munhoroondo yevanhu, kana inogona kuve yakajairika iyo munhu wese anotoziva uye yatove hurongwa hweKutonga. Asi hazvigoni kuva zvose.
Chero ani anga achitevera nyaya iyi zvakanyanya mumapepanhau eUS anodhinda anoziva kuti nepo kuramba kwekutanga kusinei nehupenyu sezvatinoziva paPlanet Earth, kupokana kwechipiri kune, pachiso chayo, kukosha kwakakosha. Inzvimbo yakajairika pakati pevanhu vane ruzivo - kusanganisira vakuru vakuru vehurumende yeUS, semukuru wemauto edu muAfghanistan - kuti iyo inotarisirwa kupera kweUS muAfghanistan hakusi kukunda kwemauto nemauto eUS, asi hurongwa hutsva hwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan hunosanganisira. vazhinji veavo zvino vari kutsigira kumukira. Vakuru veUS vakadzokorora kutaura kuti itsika yeUS kutsigira kugadzirisa kwezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira nevatungamiriri vemhirizhonga.
Chokwadi, kana mumwe munhu aizoti "kugovana simba" muAfghanistan ipfungwa nyowani, munhu anogona kunongedza October 2006 statement kubva ipapo - Senate Majority Mutungamiriri weRepublican Bill Frist wekuti "vanhu vanozviti maTaliban" vanofanirwa kuunzwa muhurumende yeAfghan.
Naizvozvo, kana mumwe munhu akasarudza Afghanistan Chidzidzo Boka kuti vawane mubairo wehungwaru zvichibva pahunyanzvi hwekuita kurudziro iyi, ndinovimbisa kuve wekutanga kuramba.
Asi chokwadi chekuti iyi inzvimbo yakajairika pakati pevanhu vane ruzivo uye chokwadi chekuti iyi yatove hurongwa hweKutonga - zvirinani pamwero we rhetoric - musareve kuti kusimbirira kuti US inofanirwa kusimudzira zvine hukasha kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan ibasa risina basa. Mukupesana, kuita kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika chinangwa chepakati chezvematongerwo enyika yemitemo yeUS muAfghanistan, yakapoteredza mimwe mitemo yose yakarongeka, kusiyana nezvakangoitawo rhetorical salute iripo nhasi, ndiyo yepakati peUS shanduko shanduko inodiwa kupedza hondo nekuunza mauto kumba.
Icho chokwadi chekuti chimwe chinhu chiri pamutemo mutemo padanho rekutaura hapana chaunokuudza nezve izvo zviri kuitwa nehurumende yeUS kuita iyo mutemo. Hapana chainokuudza nezvekuti kuita mutemo iwoyo kwakamira papi murondedzero yezvakakosha. Hapana chinokuudza nezve rudzi rwekutengeserana-offs kuri kuitwa pakati pekushandisa iyo mutemo uye kuita mamwe marongero.
Zvakakomba sei iyo US iri kutsvaga kuyananisa nyika mune zvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan chinhu icho vanocherekedza kunze kwehurumende havakwanise kunyatso ziva zvakananga. Dai vakuru veUS vaingogara vachitaurirana naMullah Omar, tine chokwadi chekuti taizozviziva here? Yeuka kuti panguva yehurukuro dzorugare dzeMadrid muna 1991, apo nhumwa yeIsrael yakaita chiratidziro chikuru che "hatizombotauri nePLO, tiri kungotaura nevamwe vatungamiri vePalestine kubva kuWest Bank" uye vatungamiri vePalestine vaitaura navo. vakanga vachiti, "Isu tiri PLO, hatiendi kuchimbuzi pasina mvumo kubva kuTunis," hurumende yeIsrael yakanga iri kutaurirana chibvumirano nePLO muOslo.
Asi nekuona marongero anoitwa, tinokwanisa kugadzira mitongo ine musoro pamusoro pekuti mutemo uri kutevedzwa nesimba sei, uye kuti wakamira papi murondedzero yezvakakosha. Pasarudzo yega yega yegwaro rinoitwa, tinogona kubvunza kuti: sarudzo iyi yebumbiro inotiudzei pamusoro pezvinokosheswa nehurumende?
Sarudzo dzakakosha dzemitemo dzakaitwa neObama Administration muAfghanistan - kunze kwakakosha kunze kwekuziviswa kwezuva raChikunguru 2011 rekutanga kudonhedza kukwira kwemauto - zvakaratidza kuti kukurudzira kuyananiswa kwenyika muAfghanistan kwange kusiri kwepamusoro padanho rekutanga.
Kunyanya, kana iwe ukadzokera kune yakashambadzirwa gakava mukati Administration pamusoro pekukwira kwemauto kwazvino, uchaona kuti imwe yenharo huru dzakaitwa na Administration vatsoropodzi zvekukwira kwemauto kwainge kwarongwa kwanga kuri uku: kukwira kwemauto kungangoita kuti kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan kuome. Nyaya yekuti kuwedzera kwemauto kwakasarudzwa zvakadaro inoratidza kuti kukurudzira kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaisave chinhu chakakosha. Uye, zvinoita sezviri pachena kuti nhoroondo yakatevera yakaburitsa vatsoropodzi: kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan kungangove kwakaoma nhasi kupfuura zvazvaive gore rapfuura, hondo yeUS isati yakwira.
Sarudzo yegore rapfuura yekukwira kwemauto ichokwadi chakazadzikiswa. Asi isu tinogona kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika, uye kushanda kuisa kuyananisa kwezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan pamusoro peiyo US yekutanga runyorwa.
chii zvinokwanisika - zvinogona kuitwa svondo rino - Mitemo yekutonga ingaenderana nekuita kuti kuyananiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika kuve chinhu chekutanga? Hezvino zvitatu.
1. Obama Administration inogona kuratidza chido chayo chekubvumirana nenguva yekubviswa kwemauto ose ekunze kubva kuAfghanistan - zvakafanana nechibvumirano chatinacho neIraq - sechikamu chechibvumirano cherunyararo.
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuisa chiratidzo. Hachifaniri kuva chiziviso chepamutemo. "Senior Administration officer" anogona kuudza mutori wenhau kuti Obama Administration iri kufunga izvi. VaBritish vaigona kuzvitaura, uye Obama Administration haigone kutaura chinhu. Mumwe mukuru weDemocratic Senator anofungidzirwa kuti ari padyo neAdministration pamusoro pemitemo yekunze anogona kuzvitaura, uye VaObama Administration havagone kutaura chinhu.
Zviripachena, chinangwa chikuru chemhirizhonga ndechekudzinga mauto ekunze kunze kwenyika. Nekutumira chiratidzo ichi, Obama Administration inenge ichiti, "Unoda kuti tibude? Zvakanaka. Taura nesu, uye tichaenda. nekukurumidza."
Ziva kuti "US inofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwekubvisa mauto" ndeye kare chinzvimbo chevazhinji veAmerica uye makumi matanhatu muzana eHouse Democratic Caucus. Saka nekuisa chiratidzo chekuda kumisa hurongwa hwekubuda kwemauto kuzere sechikamu chechibvumirano cherunyararo, Obama Administration yaizongoratidza kuda kwayo kubvumirana. sechikamu chenhaurirano kuita izvo izvo ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuAmerica vanotoda kuti US iite kunyangwe pasina negotiation.
2. VaObama Administration vanogona kuratidza kuti varikuda kupedza "kupambwa kwehusiku" muAfghanistan kana nhaurirano dzakakomba dzikatanga. Kupambwa kwehusiku - uko kunouraya vanhu vasingasaruri uye kutyora hutsvene hwemusha weAfghan - zvine nharo mutemo wekutora mauto eUS. vanovengwa zvikuru nemaonero eruzhinji rweAfghan nehurumende yeAfghan, yakagara ichidaidzira kuti ipere, saka kupa kuvapedza kungave kurudziro ine simba yekusimudzira nhaurirano.
3. Obama Administration inogona kuratidza kuti inoda "kudzikisira uye pakupedzisira kugumisa mauto ekumaodzanyemba kweAfghanistan" - sekushevedzwa kweAfghanistan Study Group - kukurudzira nhaurirano.
Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti "nhaurirano haisi magumo mavari." Ichokwadi kuti poindi yenhaurirano ndeyekugadzira zvibvumirano, kwete kunzwa-zvakanaka mafoto-ops. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti nhaurirano dzinowanzoita mabhenefiti anokurumidza kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzakaoma zvikuru dzichiramba dzisina kugadziriswa. Dzimwe nguva vanoguma nezvibvumirano zvenguva pfupi, izvo zvingave zvisina kurongwa. "Patiri kutaura, hauite X, uye ini handiite Y."
Kana tichida muenzaniso wakanaka, hatifanire kutarisa kunze kwenhaurirano dzeIsrael nePalestine. Uyu muenzaniso wakanaka wekutora kubva, nekuti kana iwe uchida kukanda pane yazvino yeIsrael-Palestine nhaurirano, unofanirwa kutora nhamba. Saka kana kunyangwe nhaurirano dzinonyombwa neIsrael-Palestine dziri kuburitsa chimwe chinhu chakanaka, iwo muenzaniso une simba.
IUS parizvino iri kumanikidza Israel nePalestine Authority kuti vabvumirane pane imwe mhando yekukanganisika iyo inogona kuwedzera kumisa kwazvino kumisa pakuvaka kwekugara kweIsrael muWest Bank apo nhaurirano dzichiri kuenderera. Mishumo yenhau yakaratidza kuti chibvumirano hachina kusvika. Zviripachena, hurumende yeUS haipokane nezvibvumirano zvenguva pfupi sechinhu chemusimboti.
Chii chingave chibvumirano chenguva chinoshanda pamwe neAfghan insurgency inosanganisira? Ngatitii yaisanganisira chibvumirano cheUS chekumisa kupambwa kwehusiku, vachichinjana nechibvumirano chevapanduki chekuchengetedza zvikoro nevashandi verubatsiro. Kubva pakuona kwevagari veAfghan, chibvumirano chakadaro chingave chekukunda-kukunda: US ingabvuma kuuraya vashoma vagari vemuAfghan, mukutsinhana nekupandukira kubvuma kuuraya vashoma vagari vemuAfghan. Kana chibvumirano chakadaro chaigona kuwanwa, ndechipi chingava nharo yetsika yokuchishora?
Nhaurirano dzinogona kuunza zvimwe zvikomborero zvinokurumidza, kunyange dzisati dzaguma nokubvumirana.
Hondo isingaperi inosimbisa simba rezvematongerwo enyika revatungamiriri vanoita hondo. Nhaurirano dzinosimbisa masimba evatambi vezvematongerwo enyika. Nhaurirano pamusoro penyaya: iwe unofanirwa kutaura zvaunoda, uye zvauri kuda kugamuchira. Parizvino, hapana-munhu, kunyangwe mukuru wehurumende yeUS, anogona kutaura zvakajeka izvo US inoda chaizvo muAfghanistan, uye izvo US inoda kugamuchira. Chii chaizvo icho maTaliban chavanoda, kana kuda kubvuma, kunze kwekudzinga mauto ekunze, yanga iri nyaya yegakava rinotyisa. Nhaurirano dzinoputira vanhu. Unofanira kutaura zvaunoda, uye zvauri kuda kugamuchira.
Uye ipapo, apo zvinzvimbo zvechokwadi zvinotanga kuziviswa, zvinova musoro wegakava rezvamatongerwe enyika nedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kana chinonamira munhaurirano chikazova chekuti US haizopedzi kupambwa kwehusiku, kana kubvumirana nehurongwa hwekubviswa kwemauto ekunze, kana kubvuma kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro reAfghan kudzosera zvazvino. zvisina musoro uye huori-kukurudzira centralization yesimba (zvaizofamba sei kana gavhuna wedunhu rako akagadzwa neMutungamiriri?) zvichabuda pachena, uye zvinofumura US kudzvinyiriro yezvematongerwo enyika. Saizvozvo, kana chinonamira munhaurirano chiri chekuti vatungamiriri vevapanduki havabvumi kuchengetedza zvikoro kana vashandi vekubatsira, kana kubvuma kugovana masimba nevasiri vePashtun vashoma, munhu wese achaona kuti vatungamiriri vevapanduki ndivo vane mhosva yekuputsika ihurukuro, achivafumura kudzvinyiriro yezvematongerwo enyika kubva kune vepashtun base yavo vanoda kugumisa hondo.
Zvakare, kana iwe uchida muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi, tarisa kune ikozvino Israel-Palestine nhaurirano. Masvondo mashoma apfuura, vatambi veIsrael uye vadzidzi vezvidzidzo vakaita misoro yenhau pasi rese pavakaburitsa chirevo chekuti vacharamba kuita kana kupinda mumisangano mumisha yeIsrael muWest Bank, kuti vasaite pamutemo. Ndeapi aive mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika umo vatambi veIsrael nevadzidzi vakaita ichi chiito cheushingi uye chakabudirira chezvematongerwo enyika? Yakanga iri kutangwazve kwehurukuro dzerunyararo, umo magadzirirwo ari chinhu chakakosha chekunamatira. Kutangwazve kwenhaurirano dzerunyararo kwakapa vatambi veIsrael nevadzidzi chikuva chezvematongerwo enyika chekuti: "Isu Israel havadi pekugara kana."
Uye izvi, mumwe anofungidzira zvine musoro, ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei varwi munyika dzese vachiwanzoratidzira kupokana kwehasha kune chero nhaurirano. Kunyangwe kutanga kwenhaurirano kusingafadzi kunofambisa kutarisisa kubva kumhirizhonga kuenda kune zvematongerwo enyika, uye kunogadzira mikana yezvematongerwo enyika. Kune nguva dzose njodzi, kubva pakuona kweavo vanopikisa chero kukanganisa, kuti kubvumirana kungave kusingabviri kuita sezvavave vachiedza kuita kuti munhu wose atende, uye kuti kutanga kwenhaurirano kunogona kuwedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika. compromise.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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