Bolivia yava pedyo nehondo yevagari vemo. Nehurumende ine mukurumbira iri kuedza kuisa pamberi pebumbiro idzva uye chinangwa chevakuru chekuvhara shanduko, kana kutadza kupatsanura chikamu chenyika chine zviwanikwa kubva kune mamwe, zviitiko zviri kufamba nekukurumidza uye zvichapera muna Chivabvu, apo Kuzvimiririra kunofanirwa kusarudzwa nereferendamu. Manuel Rozental, mumiriri weColombia, munguva pfupi yapfuura akashanyira Bolivia neHemispheric Alliance yeSocial Movements.
Justin Podur: Unogona kutaura nezve zviri kuitika muBolivia?
Manuel Rozental: Chinhu chekutanga ndechekuti nyika yese yeBolivia, hurumende, masangano ese uye zviwanikwa zveBolivia - tin, gasi, biofuel, soya, nzimbe, mvura - zvaive muhurongwa hwekugara uchiendeswa kune dzimwe nyika uye neoliberal zvido. vabatsiri vavo vemunharaunda pakati pevadiki uye vakapfuma oligarchy kusvika pakupera kwa2005.
Kuratidzira kukuru nekukurudzirana kwakaguma kwaita kuti Gonzalo (โGoniโ) Sanchez de Lozada asiye chigaro (muna Gumiguru 2003) uye kumanikidza sarudzo muna 2005. Kunyange zvazvo Goni akaenda muna 2003, hurongwa hwose hwakaramba huchienderera mberi kusvikira nguva iyo Mutungamiri mutsva. , Evo Morales, akatora chigaro muna Ndira 2006.
Saka muna Ndira 2006, Evo anotora hurumende isiri yake uye nyika yakatobiwa. Ndiro dambudziko ravanomupa. Kodzero inoziva kuti haakwanise kufambisa nyika pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aripo. Asi vanozivawo kuti haakwanise kuishandura nenzira yechimurenga, nekuti akasarudzwa kumasangano iwayo. Saka ane dambudziko rakapetwa. Anofanira kutonga mukati meimba yakaora, izere nemakonzo yava kuda kuwa, yakavakirwa kurwisa vanhu. Asi akasarudzwa nevanhu kuti aputse imba iyoyo ovaka imwe.
Saka zvaanoita - ane hurongwa, inova mukana, ajenda iyo mafambiro akakurumbira akaunzwa kwaari, inozivikanwa seGumiguru agenda. Ndiwo Gumiguru 2003 pavakakwanisa kudzinga Goni. Iyo agenda inosanganisira:
Kugadziriswa kwezviwanikwa zveBolivia uye / kana kudzoreredzwa kwehutongi (ndicho chinhu chimwe chete kune veBolivia)
Kuvandudzwa kukuru kwekurima, shanduko yevhu, yakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kwemadzitateguru, hupfumi hwenyika. Kwete kungogovera patsva, asi kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwevhu zvachose.
Kuvambwazve kwenyika. Ndiro izwi ravanoshandisa. Masangano aripo haashande. Tinoda rudzi rutsva, imba itsva, sezvavanoidana.
Saka akauya pamasimba achiti ndiyo ajenda yake uye achaitevera. Kuita kwake kwekutanga kwaiva kwekufananidzira. Akaita kuti mauto atore gasi guru renyika rave riri mumaoko emakambani emunyika. Izvi zvakaitwa nekukasika, muna Chivabvu 2006. Vakabva vadaidza dare reparamende kuti rinyore bumbiro idzva remitemo, rainzi 'constitucion politica del estado' iro rinofanirwa kutungamira mukutangwazve kwenyika. Chikumbiro chaEvo ndechekuti bumbiro idzva richange riine chirongwa chakakura chekuvandudza minda kuti idzose ivhu kuvaridzi vevanhu.
Evo anogona kunge akakanganisa pano nekuti akaisa mazai ake ose mudengu rimwe - iro rebumbiro idzva, uye kukanganisa kunodhura zvakanyanya nekuti chero chaanoita nechisimba, nemutemo, chinokonzeresa kuita kukuru nekodzero. Tinofanira kujekesa kuti kodzero inodzora simba rehupfumi munyika yose. Ndivo varidzi vevhu vakurusa. Ndivo varidzi venzvimbo dzine zviwanikwa zvikuru.
MR: Pachivande uyezve ndezvavo zvisiri pamutemo, asi ndezvavo. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndewemumwe munhu anonzi Branco Marinkovic. Iye anobva kuCroatia, mhuri yake yakauya kuflatlands, nzvimbo yekumabvazuva yenyika, uko kune gasi rose nesoya, panguva yeWWII. Ane mamiriyoni emahekita enyika. Mazita acho haawanikwe zvisiri pamutemo kana zvisiri pamutemo uye haaitike mudare ripi neripi asi ane simba rakawanda uye ndiye mumwe wevavengi vakuru veEvo nehurumende yake.
Dunhu rekumabvazuva, rinonzi 'media luna'. Iyo hafu yenyika, Santa Cruz guta uye mamwe mapurovhinzi matanhatu, ane vanhu vashoma, vane zviwanikwa-vane zviwanikwa zvakadzika zvakanyanya zvemhuri gumi nepfumbamwe (Ona semuenzaniso muchiSpanish, chinyorwa chaRaul Bustamente "En Santa Cruz ya reina el fascismo" muArgenpress. , uye โLa Rebelion de los 19 clanesโ muEconoticias Bolivia). Mazhinji emhuri idzi ndeemadzitateguru ekuEurope kana kuzvidaidza kuti 'vachena' kunyangwe vari mestizos.
Vanonyanya kusarura uye vanozivikanwa kuva. Patakanga tiri kuBolivia, takaudzwa nevanhu vakati kuti vanhu ava vachiri kutengesa vanhu neminda yacho, muitiro woutsinye. Vane simba rehupfumi uye kutonga pamusoro penhau - ese ezvenhau enhau anodzorwa navo kunze kwechiteshi chimwe cheTV uye nhepfenyuro imwe inotungamirwa nehurumende. Hurongwa hwekutonga mukati mehurumende huchiri mumaoko ekodzero. Vakahwina 'prefecturas' - hurumende dzemuno mumatunhu mashanu pamatanhatu ari munhau. Evo aive neruzhinji rwehutungamiriri, kunyangwe mudunhu iroro, asi kodzero, kana madzinza gumi nemapfumbamwe, akahwina munharaunda. Vanoramba vachitonga munharaunda yekumabvazuva.
Dzisingasviki mhuri mbiri dzine hafu yemiriyoni yemahekita akaorera zvikuru muBolivia. Vane simba uye vane hasha zvikuru. Zano ravo rekutanga kusvibisa zita semuVenezuela kana kwese kwese. Vezvenhau vanogara vachirwisa hurumende, vachikanganisa chokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvinokanganisa zvinokonzerwa naEvo. Zano ravo rechipiri nderekukwidza mutengo wezvinhu zvakakosha, kusanganisira chikafu. Ivo vanodzora ivhu nemasupamaketi, masevhisi ekugovera - uye vanogona kukwidza mitengo kuburikidza nekushomeka, kuhodha - uye vanopomera Evo. Chechitatu, kubva kuhurumende dzenzvimbo ivo vakakonzera hondo yemarudzi kurwisa nzvimbo dzakakwirira muBolivia (inonzi Collasuyo), kumadokero kunogara ruzhinji rwenyika, vanhu veko, uye nzvimbo yeEvo. Paitonga vaInca, vaive nemapurovhinzi mana, Tawanntinsuyo, uye Collasuyo aive mumwe wavo. Zvaitwa nekodzero zvakadaidza munhu wese anobva kuHighlands kuti vaCollas uye vanovapa mhosva pane zvese. Vanozvidaidza kuti maCamba (the ones from the lowlands). Muguta reSanta Cruz, guta guru redunhu rekumabvazuva uye pakati pekumukira hurumende yaEvo, chero munhu anotsunga kutarisa kana kutaura saColla, anoshungurudzwa, kusarurwa, kurohwa, kunyange kuurayiwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu muSanta Cruz haatsungiririki. Izvi 'zvinotsigirwa' nengano dzenhau dzakapusa, dzimwe nguva dzakagadzirwa, dzehuipi hwaColla. Hasha dzacho ndedzechokwadi, uye dziri kuendeswa kuvanhu mumigwagwa.
JP: Uye basa rehupfumi raCollas nderevashandi vemazuva ese uye vashandi vemumba, pamwe?
MR: MuSanta Cruz? Hongu, wazvitsanangura. Kunewo dzimwe nharaunda diki dzemunzvimbo dzakaderera. IAymaras neQuechuas munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Asi munzvimbo dzakaderera muna Guarani, uye vamwe vanogara mumasango. Mapoka aya ave kwenguva refu ari varanda vemhuri dzakapfuma, akaderedzwa zvachose kuuranda.
Rumwe ruzivo rwunofadza zvikuru: pfungwa yebumbiro idzva rakabva chaizvoizvo kubva kunzvimbo dzakaderera. Muna 1991, mazana matatu evanhu vekuBolivia vanogara pamuganhu neBrazil, kunyanya Guarani, vakafamba nzira yose kubva kumuganhu iwoyo kuenda kuLa Paz - zvakavatora mwedzi. Nyika yose yakavatarisa vachifamba. Vaida kuti pave neBumbiro reMitemo idzva - iyi yaive panguva yehutongi hwekare, hutsva. Pfungwa yakaramba iripo uye yagara iri danho rekuzvarwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakadzika. Chaiva chiito choruremekedzo, chimwe chezviito zvechiremerera izvo Bolivia yakajaira kuona. Evo akatora danho iroro kubva kwavari.
Pane chimwe chinhu chinonakidza nezveSanta Cruz uye nzvimbo dzakaderera. Magavhuna emuno asina kumbobvira aita hany'a nedemocracy kana magariro akanaka, parizvino akamiririra democracy ari kudaidzira kuti referendamu igadzirise yavanoti 'nyika yavo', inova 'media luna'. Vanoda referendamu iyi yaMay 4 uye vari kuisundidzira nemumatunhu. Vari kushandisa kutyisidzira uye kutyisidzira.
Vakashanyira US Congress masvondo matatu apfuura vakaendesa tsamba kuvamiriri veRepublican uye maseneta vachikumbira kuti nhaurirano dzechibvumirano chekutengeserana dzitangezve neBolivia kuti vanhu vabatsirwe, kuburikidza nehurumende dzenharaunda. Vakapfuura hurumende yakasarudzwa yenyika - ndokuenda zvakananga kuUS.
JP: Izvi zviri kutora pfungwa yezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasununguka uye "mibatanidzwa yevanoda" - iyo US yakataurirana mushure mekunge FTAA yese yakundikana, kusvika pakunyanyisa - kuita chibvumirano nehurumende dzematunhu kana hurumende yenyika isingatsigire chibvumirano.
MR: Kunyangwe iyo US ichizviramba, pane akati wandei akakosha zvidimbu zveruzivo anonongedzera kuruoko rweUS mune zvese izvi. Mumiriri weUnited States kuBolivia, ane zita rinonzi Philip S. Goldberg, akashanda paYugoslavia muma1990 apo Yugoslavia yakatsemuka kuita zvidimbu.
MuBolivia, anoonekwa senyanzvi mukuputsa nyika. Anoti anoremekedza nyika inozvitonga, asi masvondo maviri apfuura imwe nyanzvi yeFulbright kubva kuUS, John Alexander van Schaick, akaenda kuvatori venhau netsamba yaiti mugari wese weUS muBolivia akange adanwa kumumiriri weUS muLa Paz uye. vakakumbira kuvapa ruzivo rwezviitwa zvechero vagari veVenezuela kana veCuba muBolivia uye chero kukanganisa kwevakuru veBolivia vachipokana nedemokrasi. Vazvipiri vePeace Corps vakasimbisa nyaya ya von Schaick (nyaya yakabuda munaKukadzi 14/08, munhau dzeABC nezvimwe zvitoro). Nemamwe mashoko, sezvaanotaura mutsamba yake, kunosora. Von Schaick akashamiswa, asi hapana mubvunzo kuti zvimwe zvakawanda zviri kuitika kuseri kwezviitiko.
Kodzero iri kuedza kuparadza ajenda yaGumiguru. Havabvumi bumbiro remutemo kunze kwekunge vaine kuzvitonga. Chikumbiro chavo ndechekuti referendamu yeautonomy itange yatangwa, kozoitwa bumbiro remitemo. Vari de-facto kupatsanura nyika sechisungo chebumbiro remitemo. Chimiro chemasangano chiri mumaoko ekodzero, vanochengeta hutongi pamusoro pahwo nehutongi hwematunhu mumatunhu avo. Vanodaidza chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara kuti vabvunze hutongi hwehutongi. Nharo ndeyehupfumi: vanhu varombo, mitengo iri kukwira, uye ndizvo zvese mhedzisiro yeEvo yekuputsa nhaurirano dzekutengeserana kwemahara uye kudzikisa pasi pekudyidzana kwenyika.
JP: Asi kana hurumende kana mafambisirwo ari kungomira kumashure kuti izvi zviitike. Chii chiri kuitika kune rumwe rutivi?
MR: Nyaya ndeiyi. Bolivia yakapfuura neinonzi nenyanzvi 'nguva yekupandukira' ye2000-2005.
Sanchez de Lozada aive gurukota riri pasi paVictor Paz Estenssoro muna 1985 iro rakapasisa chikamu chimwe chemutemo. Mutemo mumwechete, 21060. Yakanga iri hurongwa hwose hwekuvandudzwa kweneoliberal muchikamu chimwe chemutemo. Mutemo mumwe chete iwoyo wakaita kuti zvimbambaira zvose zviri munyika. Yakave yakabiridzira anenge ese emabhizimusi ehurumende nesevhisi. Zvakabva zvaita kuti vanhu vanodarika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru vatamise misha yavo vanhu vanga vari vashandi vemumigodhi nemhuri dzavo, kubva muchikamu chemigodhi, kubva pazuva rimwe kuenda kune rinotevera.
MR: Akakanda vanhu mukati kubva kune imwe miniti kuenda kune inotevera mumamiriro ekusuwa kwakanyanya pasina chero masocial network kana dziviriro. Kana iwe ukatarisa kuseri kweizvi, uchaona sekuratidzira kwaNaomi Klein mubhuku - Jeffrey Sachs, akashandisa nzira imwechete muPoland.
Izvi zvakauya kuzoshungurudza Sanchez de Lozada makore akazotevera, paakazosarudzwa zvakare. Vanhu vakatungamira kumukira hurumende yake uye vakavhara kupinda nekubuda muLa Paz, vaive vanhu veEl Alto. Ava ndivo vanhu vakadzingwa nemutemo 21060. El Alto iri mumakomo akapoteredza guta guru. Ava kunyanya vaAymara vaive vakabatwa nebindu rekudyidzana kwepasirese kwakashandiswa naSanchez de Lozada uye vakazvironga muguta vachishandisa nzira dzemadzitateguru eAymara dzavakashandisa kubva pakatanga kuumbwa kweSpain. VaAymara havana kumbokundwa muhondo nevaSpain, uye vakavharira misha yeSpain, vakavauraya nenzara uye vakavamanikidza kuti vadzoke. Pamberi pa 2003, kuvharwa kwekupedzisira, kwakakurumbira uye kurangarirwa, kwaiva muna 1781. Zvakakosha nokuti kwaiva kupandukira kwaTupac Katari. Tupac Katari akabatwa neSpanish, akatambudzwa uye akaurayiwa. Akadhindwa uye akakamurwa. Akati, paakafa, "volvere y seremos mamiriyoni" - ndichadzoka, uye ndichava mamiriyoni.
Bolivia yagara ichimukira kubva muna 1952. Muna 1952 makava neshanduko yezvekurima - ikoko kwakakanganisa marudzi ese, uye yakakundikana, uye pakupedzisira hurongwa hwese hwakafamba zvakanaka uye hwakatungamira kuhudzvanyiriri hwemauto kuburikidza nema1970, nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hunotyisa hwaive. aishandiswa kushandisa vashandi vemumigodhi nevashandi vakachipa.
Muma1980, iyo neoliberal ajenda yakaiswa pasi pePaz Esstensoro. Zvakasvika kumawere muna 2000, apo Aguas del Tinari, achimiririra Bechtel, akabiridzira mvura nehusiku humwe - kutanga mhirizhonga muCochabamba, kumanikidza hurumende kuti ibvise mutemo uye kudzosera mvura kuvaridzi veveruzhinji. Ipapo Goni akaedza kudzika mutemo, hafu-yero yekumisa nyika, izvo zvakakonzera kumwe kumukirana. Pakupedzisira muna 2003, gasi raizoendeswa kune vemarudzi akawanda, zvichikonzera kumukira muEl Alto. Mapurisa aGoni akauraya vanhu vanodarika mazana matatu, asi akazosiya basa ndokurarama. Vakatsiviwa naMesa, mutevedzeri wavo, avo vakachengeta zvinhu nenzira imwe chete uye vakaramba vari pachigaro nepese pavaigona napo, vachiti โhazvigonekiโ, uye sarudzo dzakanzi dziitwe muna Zvita wa300.
Mauto anopandukira, masimba akakurumbira, matatu. Imwe kufamba kwemvura. Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa ndeye Cochabamba, Oscar Olivera ndiye ane mukurumbira hunhu uye sangano, mubatanidzwa wevashandi vefekitori yeCochabamba. Yechipiri ndiEl Alto, yatotaurwa. Chechitatu ndiChapare necocaleros. Chikonzero icho chiri chimwe chitubu chekumukira inguva yehurumende yePaz Estenssoro, iyo US yakapindira ichipokana nekutengesa zvinodhaka nemhando ye 'Plan Bolivia', uko mauto eUS anogona kunge ari uye kuita muBolivia sezvavaida vasina kubatwa zvachose. Saka kwakaitika mhondi mudunhu reChapare against cocaleros. 30 vakaurayiwa. Kufamba kwecocaleros kwakaitika muna 1995, 1997, uye 2000. Vakabatana neGuerra del Agua (Hondo Yemvura). Aya mauto matatu akaungana kuzopidigura Goni uye kutsvaga mumiriri muMAS ("Movimiento al Socialismo", bato rakananga kuSocialism), bato rezvematongerwo enyika raEvo. MAS harisi bato rezvematongerwo enyika chairo. Inonzi 'instrumento politico', chiridzwa chezvematongerwo enyika.
MR: Iripo kutakura hurongwa hwevanhu. Mapato anowanzo gadzira chimiro chawo uye omisa hurongwa hwavo. Nyika itsva inotsvakwa yakavakirwa patsika dzechiAymara nechiQuechua, dzakafanana nedzevaZapatista, โmandar obedeciendoโ (kutungamirira nokuteerera). Dingindira rehurukuro yaEvo yekugamuchira waiti โNdinoda kuti undiudze zvekuita.
Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri, Alvaro Garcia Linera, anonakidzawo. Inyanzvi yemasvomhu nekudzidziswa. Muna 2000, akabatana nesangano reTupac Katari guerrilla, rinotungamirirwa naFelipe Quispe, ndokuenda kujeri, iye akazvidzidza ezvemagariro evanhu uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei akadzikama pamusoro peBolivian social movements, social context and dynamics. Kubva zvaakasiya mutirongo, akabatana neYunivhesiti zviri pamutemo uye akatsvaga tsvakiridzo yake yakanangana nechizvarwa chezivo kuitira kumukira kwakakurumbira. Sezvo Evo akaswedera pedyo nevarimi, ari muAymara kubva, Garcia Linera, wepakati mestizo mavambo, akaswedera pedyo neakakurumbira (kunyanya zvizvarwa) kufamba. Anotaura pachena uye zvakajeka kuti inofanira kunge iri hurumende yemasangano evanhu kana kuti haizobudiriri.
JP: Saka hurumende iri kuitei padanho repamutemo. Chii chiri kuitika mudare remutemo?
MR: Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti Evo akaronga chirongwa chebudiriro yenyika chinodaidzwa kuti 'vivir bien', 'gara zvakanaka'. Inodonongodza muzvitsauko zviviri zvekutanga zvazvinoreva mutsika yekuzvarwa kuti 'kugara zvakanaka', izvo zvinopesana zvachose nekuunganidza kunoitwa ne capital. Saka pane pasuru yemitemo inokurudzirwa kudzosera kumashure privatization yemasevhisi. Asi zvinonyanya kuenderana nekubvumidzwa kwebumbiro nekuti masangano achiri akasungirirwa kune neoliberal ajenda, sezvandakataura pakutanga.
Dambudziko riri mubumbiro rave iri: masangano evanhu anotarisirwa kumiririrwa zvakananga pagungano. Asi mafambiro azvakaita, aive mapato ezvematongerwo enyika akapinda mumusangano webumbiro remitemo, kwete mafambiro. Kuburikidza nemapato vanhu vaigona kuburitsa zvido zvavo. Mamwe mafambisirwo ainzwa kuti vaigona kupfuura neMAS votaura maonero avo kuburikidza nazvo. Vamwe vari kuodzwa mwoyo nekuti vaitarisira kuvapo zvakananga, kwete nemapati. Iye zvino zvinhu zvese zvakambomira kusvika bumbiro rapasiswa.
MR: Evo akakunda ne54% yevhoti, zvisati zvamboitika muBolivia. Kuti munhu wepanyika akunde nehuwandu hwakajeka kudaro zvaishamisa uye zvisati zvamboitika. Asi akabva azvigadzirira zvinhu zvinenge zvisingaite kuti aenderere mberi. Pfungwa yese yebumbiro remitemo inofanirwa kuwiriranwa nechikamu che75% negungano. Ichi chikanganiso chikuru - chinopa kodzero mugungano reveto.
JP: Uye bumbiro rinozopedzisira rasarudzwa nereferendamu?
MR: Zvisungo zvese zvevaridzi veminda (terratenientes) nereferenda yebumbiro iri muna Chivabvu 4. Matambudziko ese aya paakatanga nekodzero, Evo akaisa basa rake pamutsetse, akadana referendamu, izvo zvichaitikawo gore rino. . Achaita kuti vanhu vamudzosere pakutonga.
MR: Evo inofanirwa kutonga masangano anodzorwa nekodzero. Semuyenzaniso, tora CIADI mutumbi uripo mukati meWorld Bank yekunetsana pakati pehurumende nemakambani. 98% yemakakatanwa kuCIADI anohwinwa nemakambani. Naizvozvo haisi nzira yekupokana, asi isangano remakambani mukati mebhangi repasi rose rinoshanda zvinopesana nehurumende. Bazi rezvekune dzimwe nyika reBolivia rakatsvaga zvakabuda mukupindira kweCIADI nekuchenjera uye rakasarudza kusaramba riri mukati meCentre yaizoita zvinopesana nezvido nekodzero dzevanhu veBolivia, saka yakazivisa kuburikidza negwara repamutemo kuti yaisazotora chikamu muCIADI, Chivabvu apfuura. Zvichitevera izvozvo, sangano renyika dzakawanda Unitel kana ETI (runhare/kutaurirana vemarudzi akawanda kubva kuItaly, asi vachiita zviri pamutemo kubva kuNetherlands) vakatora zvisizvo izvo zvava kunzi nharembozha yeruzhinji (iyo hurumende yeBolivia inoda kudzoreredza kuve muridzi weveruzhinji) ETI yakaunza. Bolivia pamberi peCIADI. CIADI neWB vakatambira basa remutongi gava zvisinei nekuti Bolivia yakazvibvisa mukupokana. Izvo zvakakosha pakupokana kuti mativi maviri anofanirwa kubvumirana nekupokana. Kunyange zvakadaro, CIADI iri kuenderera mberi. Mutungamiri weWB, Robert Zoellick, achavasarudzira mutongi kana Bolivia ikasadaro! Padanho repasi rose, iyo WB, masangano ezvemari, ese ari kutamba neBolivia. Mutemo wakasiiwa naGoni unosungira Evo mumhando dzematambudziko. Haana kukwanisa kunyatsoita nyika makambani egasi kana zviwanikwa zvenyika, iyo pfungwa huru yehurongwa. Chaakaita kuvandudza hukama nevemakambani kuitira kuti mari yakawanda nezviwanikwa zvirambe zviri munyika. Asi haana kukwanisa kuvapa nyika nekuti kugadzwa hakumubvumidze kuita izvozvo. Akabuda munhaurirano dzeFTA neUS.
Sechinyorwa chepadivi zvakadaro, nyika dzeAndean, neEU, vari munhaurirano dzeFTA. Ecuador, Venezuela, neBolivia vakabvisa kukanganisa kune hutongi hwenyika uye zviwanikwa uye masevhisi akakosha kubva muhurongwa. Ivo varipo nokuda kwekutengeserana, kwete kurasikirwa nechangamire.
Asi kudzokera kuhondo muBolivia. Kodzero yakapotsa yadimburwa uye kuparadzwa nekuunganidzwa kwemukurumbira ikozvino yaunganidzwa uye ine danho. Vari kutungamira nekuti mapato avo akamuka ezvematongerwo enyika ane izwi pamusangano weconstituent uye kuhurumende dzemuno. Kune zvakare huvepo hukuru uye hunofungidzirwa hwevaColombia vari kushanda muBolivia (kunyanya kubva kuSanta Cruz), sezvavari muEcuador (Guayaquil) neVenezuela (Maracaibo, Zulia, Apure, Tรกchira), vese vanopikisa veUS kune yakasarudzwa yakakurumbira democratic. hurumende munharaunda inoguma iine maColombians (paramilitaries?) anoshanda munyika dzawo kubva kuHurumende dzematunhu achitsvaga "kuzvitonga" kugovera nyika.
Nzira yekodzero ndeye maximalist imwe. Havashiviriri chero nhaurirano kana nhaurirano kana nhaurirano, vanoda kuti hurumende yeEvo Morales iende, kana kuti vachatora hafu yakapfuma yenyika. Ndizvo.
Izvo zvinomanikidza ruzhinji rwevanhu muBolivia, vasingadi kuti vakomana ava vatambe nyika yavo, havadi kudyidzana kwepasirese, kwavakatambura sepasina munhu - ndivo 2.nd Nyika ine hurombo hwakanyanya muhemisphere mushure meHaiti - vanorarama mumusika usina kurongeka, uye vari kumanikidzwa kupinda muhondo vachipokana nevakapfuma veSanta Cruz vanoda kudeurwa kweropa kunopa chikonzero chekupindira kwekunze nehondo yevagari kuti vadzorere vekunze kuti vatore zviwanikwa zvavanoda. .
MuBolivia zvinhu zviviri zviri mungozi. Imwe, modhi itsva yehurumende mukupokana zvachose neiyo yakamiswa modhi apo makambani nehurumende vari musuwo unotenderera - Bolivia yaizove nemusuwo unotenderera pakati pehurumende nemafambisirwo emagariro. Ndizvo zvinofanira kuuya nebumbiro idzva iri, unove muenzaniso wakakura kwazvo weimwe nzira yekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, kuti pave nehutongi hwevanhu, izvo zvavanoda. Ndizvo zvinofanira kuitika.
Kune rumwe rutivi une US nevamwe vavo, rusaruraganda, vapfumi, vanoda kukanganisa nyika uye kuitungamirira kuhondo musi waMay 4, kuchengetedza hupfumi mumaoko avo. Saka kurwa kweBolivia ihondo yerusununguko uye rukudzo rwevanhu - kana kuzviisa pasi peneoliberal agenda. Haisi dambudziko kune vanhu vekuBolivia, idambudziko remunhu wese. Kodzero iri kufamba muUS, vezvenhau, etc. Masimba anofambira mberi kune imwe nzvimbo akapotsa aregeredza Bolivia, uye masangano emagariro akadzikira nekuti ari "musimba" nekuti Evo ari muhurumende. Vanoziva kuti vanofanirwa kuungana kuti vatsigire hurongwa hwavo kuburikidza neHurumende iripo. Kuunganidza, kunzwisisa mamiriro, tsigira maitiro - vari kudaidzira kumunhu wese muAmerica kuti avabatsire. Kana vanhu veBolivia vakakwanisa kudzivirira hondo yevagari vemunyika iri kurongwa pamusoro pavo, bvumidza Bumbiro remutemo uye vagopora munzira yavo yekudzoreredza hutongi hwavo uye nekumisa Hurumende ine mukurumbira uye nekutevera chirongwa cheNyika uye chepasirese chiri imwe nzira yekubira kune dzimwe nyika. uye kudzvinyirirwa, kuchave kukunda kwese mafambiro akakurumbira uye echivanhu mukondinendi (nepasirese). Magamba vanhu veBolivia vafambira mberi kubva pakudzoreredza mvura yavo, vachidzinga hutongi hwemubatanidzwa uye vakasarudza Evo Morales kudaidza munhu wese kuti abatane navo muna Chivabvu 4.th sezvavanofambira mberi kwatiri tose.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta