(Caracas) - Kunyangwe manhamba ekupedzisira asingazozikanwe kusvika Kubvumbi 24, zvakabuda musarudzo dzedunhu reBolivia muna Kubvumbi 4 zvakatsigira kuenderera mberi kwe "democracy and culture revolution" inotungamirwa nemutungamiri wenyika wekutanga Evo Morales.
Nekudaro, zvakare inoratidza zvimwe zvekukanganisa uye zvipingamupinyi maitiro ekuchinja zviso.
Mavambo ekutanga esarudzo dzemagavhuna, mameya nevamiriri kumakanzuru ekanzuru nemagungano emadhipatimendi akasimbisa Movement Towards Socialism inotungamirwa neMorales sesimba rezvematongerwo enyika rine rutsigiro rwakasimba munyika yose.
Izvi zvinotevera nhoroondo yevhoti ye64% yekusarudzazve Morales uye zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveMAS zvakawanikwa muPlurinational Assembly muna Zvita.
MAS yakaumbwa pakati pemakore ekuma1990 nemasangano makuru ekuBolivia echivanhu uye nevarombo kuitira kuti vagadzire chombo chavo chezvematongerwo enyika. Mazhinji emasangano aya aripamwoyo webato rechimurenga rakapidigura vatungamiri vaviri pakati pa2000-05, vasati vasarudza mumwe wavo muna Zvita 2005.
Hurumende yeMorales yaita zvaidiwa nemasangano echivanhu nevevarombo kuburikidza nekuita kuti magasi achengetedzwe, achibvumira vanhu kuti vatore chikamu mukunyorwa patsva kwebumbiro idzva rinowedzera zvakanyanya kodzero dzechivanhu, uye kukurudzira kuwedzera kwekudada uye kuremekedzwa pakati pevakadzvinyirirwa kwenguva refu. indigenous majority.
Zvese izvi takatarisana nekupokana kwakasimba kwebapiro rekurudyi uko, nenhare yayo kumabvazuva, yakashandisa hutongi hwayo pamusoro pehuzhinji hwemagavhuna kurwisa hurumende yeMorales - ichikwira nekutadza kuyedza kupidigura munaGunyana 2008.
Kufambira mberi kwesarudzo
Pamagavhuna mapfumbamwe, mhedzisiro yazvino inoratidza MAS inohwina mumatanhatu, neyechinomwe iri padyo nekufona. Uku kuwedzera kubva pavatatu vayakahwina muna 2005.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti MAS haina kungosimbisa kubata kwayo kumadokero nepakati (kusimbisa kubata kwayo paLa Paz neCochabamba mushure mekubvisa magavhuna ekare anopikisa), asi zvakare yakaderedza kushomeka kwebapiro rekurudyi kumabvazuva.
MAS inoratidzika seyakagadzirirwa kutora iyo yekumabvazuva dhipatimendi rePando, uye pamwe Beni. Vanopikisa vakabatirira kumadhipatimendi ekumabvazuva eSanta Cruz neTarija, asi kushambadzira kweMAS kumabvazuva (kumusha kune zvakawanda zvezviwanikwa zveBolivia uye nehukuru hwepakati chena) zvaireva kuti ikapinda mukati memoyo wevanopikisa - ichiwedzera vhoti yavo. dunhu.
MAS yakakundawo kuvepo kwakasimba mumagungano edhipatimendi. Aya ndiwo masangano ematunhu ekutanga kusarudzwa kuve nesimba rekudzika mutemo mukati mezviganho zvekuzvitonga kwedunhu zvakatsanangurwa mubumbiro idzva rakabvumidzwa muna Ndira 2009.
MAS yakawedzerawo huwandu hwemameya ainodzora munyika kusvika pa200-220 kubva pamazana matatu nemakumi matatu nenomwe - kubva pazana rimwe rakahwina musarudzo dza337.
Chimwe chinhu chesarudzo kwaive kuunzwa - kunyangwe kushoma - kwetsika dzechivanhu dzekusarudza vamiriri kubva kumarudzi makumi matatu nenhanhatu eBolivia kuenda kumagungano emadhipatimendi.
Dzichishandisa kodzero dziri mubumbiro idzva, nyika dzechivanhu dzakasarudza vamiriri vari pakati pevaviri kusvika vashanu pagungano rebazi rimwe nerimwe.
Mataundi mashanu pagumi nerimwe akavhota achitsigira kuzvitonga kwechivanhu mumareferendamu muna Zvita wapfuura vakasarudza mameya nemakanzura avo maererano netsika dzechivanhu pamberi pesarudzo dzematunhu.
Sarudzo dzakazobvumwa pabhokisi revavhoti musi waApril 4. Vamwe vatanhatu vakasarudza kusarudza vamiriri zvakananga.
Bittersweet kukunda
Achisimbisa kukunda kunoshamisa kweMAS, Morales akati sarudzo "dzakafanana nenhabvu, zvibodzwa ndizvo zvine basa". Zvakadaro mhedzisiro yaive bittersweet iyo inokanda mukudzikama kwakapinza mamwe emukati matambudziko maitiro ekuchinja anotarisana nawo.
Vhoti yenyika yeMAS yaive 51% - isingasviki 64% yaakawana muna Zvita uye akapfupika ne70% Morales akataura nezvayo mukutaura kwake kuvhara mushandirapamwe weMAS muLa Paz.
Kuratidzira kunoshamisa kumabvazuva, mhedzisiro yedanidziro yakabatana uye mimwe mibatanidzwa inokahadzika, yakaderedzwa nekurasikirwa muTarija, iyo inogara pa80% yegasi reBolivia.
Mushure mekukunda vhoti muTajira muna Zvita, MAS yaive nechokwadi kuti yaigona kukunda gavhuna aripo, muvengi anotyisa weMorales.
Mibatanidzwa yakaumbwa neMAS nevamiriri venzvimbo, vakaita semumiriri weMAS weguta reSanta Cruz, muridzi webhizinesi uye aimbove nhengo yebato rekurudyi rePodemas, uye kutorwa kwevaimbova varwi vefascist Santa Cruz Youth Union kwakakundikana. mambure zvinangwa.
Panzvimbo iyoyo, MAS yakabhadhara mutengo wezvematongerwo enyika uye wepfungwa kumibatanidzwa yayo, ichirasikirwa munzvimbo dzevarombo dzemumadhorobha seChirongwa Tres Mil muSanta Cruz. Kurambwa kwezvibvumirano zvakadai kwakaita kuti vanhu munzvimbo idzi vavhotere vamwe vachakwikwidza.
MuPando, danho rekumiririra vamiriri vasiri veMAS rakaibvumira kuhwina hugavhuna uye gumi kubva kumameya gumi nemashanu. Nekudaro, zvinoreva kuti MAS ichafanirwa kukwikwidza ne "MAS meya" akabva kumapato echinyakare.
Chakanyanya kukosha, chitendero chekuti mukurumbira waMorales waigona kungoendeswa kune vavhoti veMAS, vazhinji vacho vakaiswa kubva kumusoro, uye kusaremekedza hukama nemamwe masimba anofambira mberi kana mafambiro emagariro, zvakakonzera chimwe chinhu chisingafungidzike mwedzi mishoma yapfuura: the kubuda kwekupikisa kutsva, pakati-kuruboshwe Movement yeVasina Kutya (MSM).
Mumwedzi mishoma, MAS yakabva pakuita mubatanidzwa wakasimba neMSM, inotungamirwa neaimbove meya weLa Paz Juan Del Granado, kuenda kutyora hukama hwese neMSM nekuvapomera mhosva yekuve "neoliberal", "vanorangana" uye "huori".
Kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa naMorales kumushandirapamwe wemeya weLa Paz, uye kurwiswa kunotyisa kweMSM (kwaionekwa nevatsigiri vazhinji veMAS seisina kufanira) hakuna kukwana kuchengetedza kukunda muguta guru, nhare yeMAS.
MSM yakahwinawo kuhwina kusingafungidzirwe MAS munhangemutange yemeya weOruro, ichisimbisa mafambiro ari kuita munzvimbo dzemaguta ekuvhotera vasiri veMAS.
VeMSM vakamira vapikisi veMAS vatsamwiswa nekumisikidzwa kwevasiri veMAS sevamiriri veMAS. Gwaro iri rakaibvumira kuhwina mameya munzvimbo dzemigodhi nevakawanda kuchamhembe kwePotosi uye kunyangwe Achacachi - nzvimbo yemoyo yeAymaran indigenous radicalism uko Morales akawana 98% muna Zvita.
Yaimboonekwa sebato rinongogumira munzvimbo dzepakati-kati dzeLa Paz, iyo MSM ikozvino yavepo mumaguta anopfuura zana.
Kusagutsikana pakati peMAS-aligned social movements uye vatsigiri kwakatungamirira kukurirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo uko Morales ane rutsigiro rwakafanana. Bato richangogadzirwa, rinotungamirwa nemutungamiri wemubatanidzwa wevarimi vecoca uye aimbove senator weMAS Lino Villca, rakakunda mumadhorobha matanhatu munzvimbo dzinokura coca uye altiplano (yakakwirira nzvimbo) yedhipatimendi reLa Paz.
MAS yakahwina muguta rekurwisa miriyoni-yakasimba reEl Alto, asi vhoti yaro yakadzikira kubva kupfuura 80% kuenda pasi pe40%.
Chishamiso ndechemunhu wekunze asingazivikanwe Soledad Chapeton, ane vhoti ye30% yaimiririra kurambwa kwevakuru vemasangano emuno.
Ngozi
Mutori wenhau weLa Paz, Pablo Stefanoni, akataura zvakataurwa nemumwe mukadzi wemuno paRadio Erbol, kuti "vhoti nemusi weSvondo muLa Paz chiratidzo chekunyevera nezvekuchinja," akapfupisa manzwiro evazhinji veBolivia.
Chinyorwa chaApril 7 mupro-hurumende zuva nezuva Shanduko akati mhedzisiro yakaratidza "kukosha kwekusimbisa maitiro ekuchinja kwemaitiro ... kubatanidza kutora chikamu zvakananga kwevanhu vakarongeka mukutsanangurwa kwenyaya dzePlurinational State uye mukuita izvi kubvisa kuvandudzwa, matambudziko emukati uye zvishuwo zvevamwe varwi muhondo. nzira yekushandura iri kuitika".
Musi waKubvumbi 6, Morales akataura nezvekukundwa kweMAS munzvimbo dzakamuvhotera zvakanyanya mwedzi mishoma yapfuura. Morales akapomera matambudziko emukati uye zvishuwo zvevamwe vatungamiriri vebato "izvo zvinokwevera nhaka yekoloni nekuda kwekuti vanotenda kuti nguva yavo yasvika yekumirira chinzvimbo".
Dionisio Condori, mutungamiri weUnited Union Confederation of Campesino Workers yeBolivia, akati: "Vamiriri vedu pazvisina kutariswa nekuti vamwe vatungamiriri vakapinda mumutambo wekuvabvisa uye kuisa vamwe vasingazivikanwe munharaunda."
Asi harisi chete dambudziko renhamba dzisina mubvunzo kubva kunze kweMAS dziri kuiswa sevamiriri. MAS inotungamirwa nezvido zvemibatanidzwa yevagari vepasi nevarombo vanoiumba.
Basa rayo muhurumende dzematunhu ragara richizivikanwa nekuramba hurumende dzeneoliberal uye kusimbisa chinzvimbo chemasangano adzo.
Zvakadaro, nhasi mibatanidzwa mimwecheteyo iyi chikamu chebato rinotonga uye maitiro aya kazhinji akatsiviwa nekusashanda nekuvandudza pane kusimudzirwa kwemaitiro matsva ekutora chikamu eutongi hwenzvimbo.
Dambudziko rekushandura MAS kubva kune inopfuura huwandu hwemubatanidzwa kuita mubatanidzwa wesimba reshanduko rinogona kusimudzira kukura kwemakadhi matsva uye mafomu ekutora chikamu edemocracy yenzvimbo iri kumanikidza kupfuura nakare kose.
Kusimuka kweanopikisa kutsva kunogona kuvhura nzvimbo yechimwe chinhu changa chashaikwa zvakanyanya: gakava rakavhurika reruzhinji pamusoro pekuti ungadzamisa sei shanduko yenharaunda yeBolivia.
Kuburikidza nehondo yakadai yemazano, kusiyana nerudzi rwekushoropodza uye machisi asingagutsikane anoonekwa kusvika pari zvino, maitiro achakwanisa kusimba nekuwedzera hwaro hwayo hwekutsigira.
Nenzira iyi, inogona kuzvivhurira kuzvikamu zvitsva uye kugadzira nzira yerudzi rwemibatanidzwa yakafara nezvikamu zvese zvakazvipira kuchinja izvo zvakakosha mukuchengetedza nekudzika maitiro.
VaRaul Prada, mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekuronga nyika, vakapokana kuti izvi zvinoda kudhirowa "rakakosha pepa nevepasi, nemasangano edu, nemafambisirwo, nemakomiti emunharaunda, bereti rezvakaitika ... uye kuteerera. kutsoropodza.
"Tinofanira kudzokera kumuitiro wechimwe chinhu chatisina kuita kwenguva yakati: kuzvishora uye kuita kufungisisa kwakadzama uye chinangwa."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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