Muhurukuro ichangobva kuitika nemamwe mapurofesa ezvenhau, ndakakurudzira kuti vatori venhau vepamusoro vatadza kunzwisisa kudzika kwematambudziko - etsika nezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi uye ecological - ayo United States nevemazuva ano maindasitiri vakatarisana nazvo, nekudaro vari kutadza kuita basa ravo rakakosha. munharaunda yegutsaruzhinji, basa rekutarisa nzvimbo dzesimba.
Mumwe waanoshanda naye akabvuma kukosha kwenyaya dzakadaro, asi akati zvikoro zveyunivhesiti zvevatapi venhau hazvidzidzisi โkurevererwa kwenhauโ kana kusimudzira pfungwa yokuti โmutori wenhau somurwiri.โ
Iyi tegi yekureverera/muratidziri inowanzo shandiswa kune vatori venhau vasingagamuchire hungwaru hwevane masimba uye vanotsunga kupikisa hurongwa hwakanyanya mukati umo nhau dzinotaurwa. Pfungwa yacho inoratidzika seyokuti ani naani asingawirirane nemaonero enyika evanhu vane simba uye masangano munharaunda haasi "chinangwa," uye naizvozvo anofanira kukurudzirwa kwete nekutsvaga kwechokwadi kwechokwadi asi mamwe maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika akafanotemerwa. .
Asi musiyano unokosha hausi pakati pevatapi venhau โvane chinangwaโ uye โvanomiririra/vanorwiraโ asi (1) pakati pevanoparadzira mashoko nevatori venhau, uyezve (2) pakati pevatapi venhau vanoita basa nemazvo nevaya vanoriita zvisina kunaka. Kana paine zita ratingade kukudza, rinofanira kunge โrakazvimiririraโ โ tinoda vatori venhau vakazvimirira kwete kubva kune vane masimba chete asiwo kubva kune chero mapato ezvematongerwo enyika.
Kunyangwe izvi zvingaite senge hyper-sensitivity nezve temu, kuongororwa kwemavara aya kunogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa ese matambudziko, uye nemikana ye, yemazuva ano utori venhau.
izwi advocacy journalism kazhinji rinoshandiswa kutsanangura kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kusimudzira chimwe chikonzero chezvematongerwo enyika kana magariro. Izwi iri rinogona kuve nechirevo chete mukupokana nechikamu chevatapi venhau chisingaite kushambadzira, kunonzi Chinangwa utori venhau.
Musiyano uyu ndiwo wakanyanya kutariswa zvakanyanya muUnited States, kunyanya muhafu yekupedzisira yezana ramakore rechi20; Kushandiswa kwemazwi aya hakurevi kuti kune mamwe mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, kunyangwe mamodheru eU. KuMadokero kweEurope, mamwe mapepanhau akave nenguva achiziva pachena nezvechinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika, kunyangwe vatori venhau vanobva mumapepa iwayo vachitorwa senyanzvi dzisingawanzo kuita zvematongerwo enyika. Somuenzaniso, muItaly Il Manifesto rinozvizivisa sebepanhau reCommunist pahuzivi asi haridyidzani nechero bato uye rinoshanda semubatanidzwa wevashandi. Munyika dzeNyika yeTatu dzakazvimiririra kubva Hondo Yenyika II, kutapa nhau kazhinji kwaive chikamu chekufamba kwerusununguko mukutsigira kusunungurwa kubva kukoloni. Mabhuku mazhinji akazvimirira anochengeta kupikisa uku kwesimba rakadzika midzi, senge Hindu muIndia.
Mapepanhau muUnited States, ayo ainyatsotsigira divi kusvika muzana remakore rechi19, akagadzira tsika dzekusagadzikana izvo zvino zvinotsanangura maitiro enhau dzemakambani nekutengeserana. Vatapi venhau vazhinji vakawana (uye vakawana) zvimiro izvozvo zvinomanikidza, uye mukuda kwezvematongerwo enyika kwema1960 nema1970, hutori venhau hwekukurudzira hwakabuda nekupikisa uye kuita shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika. Mamwe mazwi anoshandiswa kudzidzira kunze kweiyo mainstream anosanganisira imwe nzira, gonzo, kana itsva utori venhau. Mukati memafomu iwayo, vatapi venhau vanogona kuratidzira pachena neboka kana sangano kana kuramba vakazvimiririra vachitora hunhu hwakafanana nezvinzvimbo mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Dichotomy iyi yekukurudzira-chinangwa inobva mudzidziso yezvematongerwo enyika inotaura basa rakakosha kuvatori venhau munharaunda dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzegutsaruzhinji. Kutaura kwevatapi venhau kuti vakavimbika kunobva mukutaura kwokusatora rutivi. Vanopokana kuti veruzhinji vavimbe nekuisa chirevo chavo chechokwadi, ongororo, uye maonero pakuunganidza kwakaomarara ruzivo. Nyanzvi yekuzviongorora inoburitsa izvo vatori venhau vanotora nhoroondo isina kurerekera yechokwadi, pane imwe nhoroondo yakasarudzika inoratidza inotungamira yezvematongerwo enyika.
Pane imwe nhanho, izwi kukurudzira zvinogona kubatsira mukusiyanisa, semuenzaniso, kuedza kwevatapi venhau kunopa pachena hurongwa hwebato rezvematongerwo enyika (sekuburitswa kwebato rezvematongerwo enyika) kubva kune avo vanoshandira zviri pamutemo zvisina bato (sepepanhau rekutengeserana). Asi musiyano hausi pakati pemhando dzekutapa nhau zvakanyanya sepakati pekunyengetedza nekutapa nhau. Kunyange zvazvo izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti vatori venhau vane chinangwa vanofungidzira kuti, semutemo, vacherechedzi vasingafarire vanowanzoburitsa mishumo inovimbika, bhuku rinotsigira chikonzero rinogona kunge riine ruzivo rwechokwadi uye ongororo inomanikidza kupfuura isingarerekere. Zvinangwa zveavo vanonyora nekugadzirisa chinyorwa ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa.
Zvakanyanya kuomarara kurongedza nzira dzakasiyana dzekutapa nhau neavo vasiri musevhisi yakananga yesangano kana bato. Vaya vanotsigira imwe pfungwa yehuzivi kana yezvematongerwo enyika - asi voramba vakazvimirira kubva kuboka rinorerekera divi rimwe - vanokwanisa kuburitsa nhau dzinovimbwa neveruzhinji?
Muenzaniso wakawedzerwa unobatsira pano. Mukushandiswa kwakajairwa, mutori wenhau akasununguka John Pilger (akaberekerwa kuAustralia, zvino anogara kuUnited Kingdom) anogona kutorwa semutori wenhau anomiririra, uye. New York Times mutori wenhau, John Burns, mutori wenhau ane chinangwa. Vese vane ruzivo uye vanoshanda nesimba, vane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwezvinhu zvepasirese, uye vese vakataura zvakawanda nezveIraq. Pilger anonyanya kunyorera mapepanhau nemagazini muEngland asi ane vateveri vazhinji muUnited States, uye zvakare mugadziri wemafirimu. Burns anonyora anenge ari oga kune iyo Times asi anopawo kubvunzurudzwa kakawanda paterevhizheni neredhiyo nezvekutaura kwake. Mapoka anopesana nehondo uye anorwisa humambo anotenderera mishumo yaPilger uye anoongorora zvinyorwa zvake, asi iye, saBurns, anozvitsanangura semutori wenhau akazvimirira uye anoramba hukama nemapoka ezvematongerwo enyika.
Pilger, zvisinei, anotsoropodza pachena US neUK marongero akananga kuIraq, kusanganisira kushoropodza kusinganzwisisike kwezvido zvekuzvida uye mhedzisiro yemhosva yemitemo yenyika. Kuzivisa kwake kunomutungamira kwete chete kutsanangura aya marongero asi kuti ape ongororo inopokana zvakananga nehurongwa hwevane simba. Kupisa, mukusiyana, kunodzivisa kuongorora kwakadaro, kwete chete mumishumo yenhau asiwo muzvinyorwa zvakanyorwa ongororo . Kuzivisa kwake kunoda kugashira chimiro chemasimba anosimudzira marongero aya, uye kutsoropodza kwake kunowanzo kubvunza zano nemaitiro avo, kwete zvavanokurudzira. Mune imwe pfungwa, vatori venhau vese vanotsigira maonero akasiyana esimba rehurumende uye kuti rinoshanda sei munzvimbo dzavanovhara. Vaviri vane mukurumbira wekutaura nemazvo; musiyano uripo mukududzira kwavo. Mutauro wenhau dzakanyanya waiona Burns sechinangwa asi kwete Pilger.
Muenzaniso unoratidza miganhu yemafungiro ekutapa nhau sezvinoitwa mumaindasitiri ezvenhau, kunyanya ayo ari pasi pehutongi hwekutengeserana kwemakambani. Vese vatori venhau vanoshandisa hurongwa hwekuongorora kuti vanzwisise nyika uye vataure nezvayo. Asi kutaura kuine mareferensi akazaruka efungidziro dzezvematongerwo enyika uye mhedziso zvinoita sekunge zvine hutsigiro, nepo nzira yakajairika ichiita seyakarerekera. Ose ari maviri akazvimiririra, mupfungwa yekusatungamirwa nebato kana bato, asi hapana maitiro asina kwaakarerekera. Mumwe anotsigira zvakajeka maonero ezvematongerwo enyika anotsoropodza vane simba, asi achisimbisa zvakajeka maonero ezvematongerwo enyika evakuru.
Nhoroondo dzepasirese, kusanganisira dzevatapi venhau, dzinofanirwa kutanga kubva kune dzimwe fungidziro nezve mashandiro anoita nyika. Hapana asina kwaakarerekera. Izvi hazvireve kuti hapana chatingaziva kana kuvimba nacho pamusoro penyika, kana kuti vatori venhau havagone kutipa ruzivo rwakavimbika. Zvinongoreva kuti avo vanoshuma kubva kuhuchenjeri hwakajairika havabviswe pamibvunzo pamusoro pemaonero.
Vaverengi vanofanira kuyeuka izvozvo. Ndizvo zvinofanira kuitwawo nevatori venhau.
Robert Jensen iMubatanidzwa Purofesa weUtori venhau paYunivhesiti yeTexas kuAustin. Aimbova mutori wenhau pachake, Jensen anogara achipa Znet Commentaries uye akaburitsa akati wandei mabhuku anosanganisira "Citizens of the Empire: The Struggle to Claim Our Humanity" (City Lights, 2004) uye "Kunyora Kupokana: Kutora Radical Ideas kubva. kuMargins kune Mainstream "(Peter Lang, 2001). Bhuku rake razvino uno rine chekuita nezvinonyadzisira "Kubvisa: Zvinonyadzisira uye Kupera kweMasculinity" (South End Press, 2007).
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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