MaCooperatives eBolivia anoratidzira uye kuuraya kwavo Nyamavhuvhu 25 kweBolivia Mutevedzeri weGurukota reInterior Rodolfo Illanes kunoda kuti isu tibvunze zvatinofungira nezve cooperatives. Chii chinonzi Bolivian mining cooperatives? Zvakawanda zvakatanga panguva yeKuderera Kukuru Kweupfumi sezvo vashandi vemumigodhi vakabatana pamwe chete kuti vashande mugodhi vese. Nekudaro, semacooperative mazhinji muUS akamuka kubva kuma1960s, achinja kuita mabhizinesi madiki. Zvisinei nevavariro dzavo dzekutanga, macooperatives aripo munzvimbo yakatenderedza capitalist anofanirwa kukwikwidza mune zvebhizinesi maitiro kana kuenda pasi.
Macooperatives emugodhi ekuBolivia akaita izvi, uye ave mabhizinesi ane varidzi vanohaya vashandi. Vanosvika 95% yevashandi vemumigodhi vanoshanda, uye 5% varidzi. Zvakajairwa kuti vashandi vashande vave nguva, kana kuti vashandi vekondirakiti sezvatinoreva kwavari pano. Havana kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, havana basa rekuchengetedza, havana hutano kana mabhenefiti ekurega basa.
Masangano emigodhi akanyorera hurumende zvisungo gumi, uye musvondo rechipiri raNyamavhuvhu, akazivisa kuti acharamwa mabasa zvisina tsarukano kana hurumende ikasaita zvavaida, ndokuzowedzera mamwe gumi nemana pane gumi ekutanga.
Zvitatu zvakakosha zvikuru zvaisanganisira kurambwa kweGeneral Law of Cooperative Mines, iyo yakapa vashandi vemubatanidzwa kodzero yekubatana, sezvo vasiri varidzi vemubatanidzwa. Varidzi vemacooperatives vanga vasingade kuti vashandi vavo vamiririrwe nemasangano.
Reuters, uye vezvenhau vemakambani, sezvakangoita, vakanyepa zvakapesana, kuti vashandi vemumigodhi vari kuratidzira vachipokana nehurumende uye vaida kodzero yavo yekuumba masangano.
Chechipiri chaidiwa kwaive kuregedzerwa kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza kumakorasi emigodhi.
Chikumbiro chechitatu chaive chekukanzura mutemo unorambidza mabhizinesi emunyika kana epasi rese kubva kumubatanidzwa mumakorasi. Parizvino macooperatives ane zvibvumirano makumi matatu nerimwe nemabhizinesi akazvimirira, mazhinji akasainwa nguva yeEvo Morales isati yasvika.
Macooperative aya anoda kodzero yekuumba kudyidzana nevemarudzi akawanda uye kushandisa zviwanikwa pasina mitemo inochengetedza nharaunda. Kuvhura macooperatives kuti aburitse makambani akadaro kunopesana nezvaivhoterwa muBumbiro reMitemo: โZviwanikwa zvinhu zvevanhu vokuBolivia uye zvichatungamirirwa neHurumende.โ
Hurumende yeEvo Morales yakaita kuti zviwanikwa zveBolivia zvive nenyika muna 2006. Nekuda kweizvi mugove wehurumende wepurofiti nemakambani kubva mukutengeswa kwegasi nezvimwe zviwanikwa wakakwira kubva pachikamu che15% kusvika pa85%. Kare pasi pehurumende dzeneoliberal, inenge 85% yemapurofiti yakaenda kumakambani. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyika yeBolivia yakawana imwe $ 31.5 bhiriyoni kuburikidza ne2015, iyo yaakashandisa kusimudzira indasitiri, zvivakwa, zvikoro, hutano hwehutano uye zvipatara kune vazhinji veChekutanga Peoples. Yakapawo rubatsiro rwakawanda kuvarombo, zvichibatsira vanhu vokuBolivia mamiriyoni 4.8 pavanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi. Izvi zvaderedza nehafu nhamba yevanhu vokuBolivia vanorarama muurombo hwakanyanya.
Munguva yekuratidzira kwaNyamavhuvhu, hurumende yeEvo Morales yakataura kakawanda kuti yakavhurika nhaurirano, asi yakataura kuti haingatyore Bumbiro reMitemo kana vatarisana nezvido zvemacooperatives, ayo ari kungofunga purofiti yavo chete.
Mutevedzeri weGurukota Illanes akaenda kunosangana nevatungamiri vemakorasi emugodhi veFENCOMIN, Federacion de Cooperativas Mineras. Akatambudzwa uye akaurayiwa uye kusvika zvino 9 yave ichipomerwa, kusanganisira Mutungamiri weFENCOMIN, uyo akanga ari mutungamiri mukuratidzira kwechisimba.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, TV yeBolivia yaibudisa nhau dzevacheri vemigodhi vanoita mhirizhonga vachipomera mapurisa, vachipotsera matombo uye kunyange zvitanda zvedhamu. Mapurisa akadaira ne tear gas kuparadzira varatidziri ava. Mapurisa ane chitsama akakuvadzwa mukuratidzira uku. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 24, vashandi vepamugodhi vaviri vakapfurwa vari pedyo panguva yekuvharwa kwemigwagwa. Kana mapurisa aive nemhosva, aityora murairo weMutungamiri Morales kwete chete kuti vasapfure, asi kuti vasauye nepfuti munzvimbo yakavharwa migwagwa.
Mutevedzeri wegurukota rinoona nezvekufambiswa kwemabasa neSocial Movements, VaAlfredo Rada, vakati mushure mekupondwa uku, nyaya yemacooperatives emugodhi inofanirwa kunetsa munyika. Akataura kuti vashandi vanoshandira pamwe vari kushandiswa nevaridzi, avo vakagadzira hurumende mukati memasangano kuti vabatsirike. Rada akawedzera kuti, "Isu tinoremekedza kubatana kwechokwadi, uko vese vakaenzana, asi makambani aya akashandurwa kuita mabhizinesi emabhizimusi ekare."
Mushure mekupondwa kweMutevedzeri weGurukota Illanes, Evo akati, "Zvakare, hurumende yenyika yakakunda kuyedza kupidigura hurumende." Vakawedzera kuti vashandi vemumigodhi vakaronga kuzvimisikidza pamaroadblocks avakange vagadzira uye kuti magwaro akatorwa kumahofisi evashandi vemumigodhi ava anoti โkupidigura hurumende.โ Vakataura kuti vamwe vemabhizimisi akazvimirira nevaridzi vemakorasi vakanyengera vashandi vavo.
US yakatsvaga kukanganisa Evo Morales, kudzokera kusarudzo yake yekutanga yemutungamiri wenyika. Mukuru weCabinet yeBolivia, Juan Ramon Quintana, akati mumakore masere apfuura National Endowment for Democracy (NED) yakapa mari kumasangano anosvika makumi mana muBolivia anosanganisira nzvimbo dzehupfumi nemagariro, nheyo nemasangano asiri ehurumende. kudarika $ 10 mamiriyoni. US yakapfava yekuedza kupidigura yakasvika pakakwirira panguva yebato rekuparadzanisa nevapfumi vachena vepamusoro muMedia Luna, uye panguva TIPNIS kuratidzira muna 2011.
Mukupera kwe2015 iyo US yakagadzira iyo Strategic Plan yeBolivia kudzoreredza shanduko yakakurumbira inofambira mberi muBolivia uye kudzoreredza neoliberal-neocolonial mutemo. Izvi zvakanyorwa naCarlos Alberto Montaner, mudzingwa muCuba anopikisa chimurenga, Vanhu veCongress yeUS vakaita sa Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, anoona nezve USAID yekuLatin America, uye vatungamiri vakuru vebato rinopikisa reBolivia. Imwe mhedzisiro yekutanga yaive kukundwa kwereferendamu yeBolivia yekubvumidza Evo Morales kuti akwikwidze semutungamiri wechitatu.
Mutungamiri weVenezuelan Maduro akataura kuti kupandukira kwaDilma, kuurayiwa kwegurukota reBolivia, chikamu chekurwiswa kwehurumende dzinofambira mberi dzeLatin America. "Kurwiswa kwekondinendi yese nemaoligarchies uye bapiro rerudyi repro-imperialist vachipokana nevatungamiriri vese, hurumende nemafambisirwo akakurumbira, anofambira mberi uye anomukira kuruboshwe," akadaro Maduro. "NaDilma muBrazil, naEvo muBolivia, Correa muEcuador, naDaniel kuNicaragua uye nevanhu vese uye masangano emagariro eLatin America, Venezuela icharwira remangwana rakazvimirira, rakazvimirira, rine hunhu uye rakakurumbira."
Kusvika pari zvino maUS-anti-war, masangano anopikisa-anopindira haana kupindura zvakasimba kune kuri kuwedzera kuedza kweUS kupokana nehurumende dzakasarudzwa dzeLatin America.
Stansfield Smith yanga iri nguva refu Latin America solidarity activist, uye parizvino inoburitsa iyo AFGJ Venezuela Vhiki.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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