Vachiri kungwara nekurova kwavakaita mumapepanhau apo General Motors naChrysler vakashaya mari makore maviri apfuura, vashandi vemotokari vari kutsika madziro vachiti vanotambira sendi rose ravanobhadharwa. Vanodenha vatsoropodzi vavo kuedza kushanda mutsetse wegungano kwezuva rimwe chete.
Victor Bean weFord's Dearborn Truck plant anorangarira maseneta ekuMaodzanyemba akapopotera rubatsiro kune vanogadzira mota. "Ingopa ivo kuravira, maCorkers nemaShelbys," anodaro.
Vasati vabhuroka, vashandi vemotokari vainzi vane rombo rakanaka, nebhuku ravo gobvu rekondirakiti nemitemo yebasa yakaoma. Vhidhiyo yemubatanidzwa yakaombera maoko apo vakuru vemubatanidzwa vakabvumirana kuti kukwikwidza kunoda mitemo mishoma uye mabasa โanochinjikaโ.
Chokwadi chaive chekuti United Auto Workers yakanga yasiya kodzero zhinji pauriri hwechitoro makore apfuura. Kune vashandi pamitsara yekugadzira mota, makumi emakore e otomatiki, kukurumidza, uye musanganiswa webasa zvakasiya miviri yakaputsika nepfungwa dzakaneta. Hupenyu hwakaita sei pauriri hwechitoro kubva pakanyungudika '09?
"Kunaka kwezuva rako hakuna kunaka," anodaro Denise Perry, anobata zvibatiso zvemusuwo weChevy Cruze paGM's Lordstown, Ohio, chirimwa. "Wave kuneta zvakanyanya, wanyanya kushushikana, kune imwe nguva yekurwara."
Pam Powell, anoshanda akakomberedzwa nemarobhoti muchitoro cheFord anoti, โUri mufekitari inopisa inopisa, haugone kugara pasi, ruoko rwako rwuri kurwadza, musana wako haushande. Paunoenda hausi munhu mumwe chete wawanga uri."
Sezvo vatungamiriri vavo vemubatanidzwa vachitaurirana zvibvumirano zvitsva neDetroit Three, vashandi vemotokari vakamirira mhedzisiro yaGunyana 14 nekutya. Vanoziva kuti Mutungamiri weUAW, Bob King ari kudzikisira tarisiro, achitaura pachena kuti haasi kuenda kunowedzerwa muhoro - kungogovana purofiti. (Ford neGM havana kunge vawedzera muhoro kubvira 2005, Chrysler kubvira 2006, uye zvese zvakarasika-zvekugara-mu2009, zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kwemari ye99 cents paawa.)
Vamwe vanotarisira kuzorodzwa, ipapoka, pamigariro yebasa. Vanogona here kudzosa nguva yekuzorora yemaminetsi matanhatu yavakasiya muna 2009? Vanogona here kuchengetedza mabasa, izvo zvinokupa imwe rukudzo uye tariro yekubvisa basa rekutyora-shure mushure mekuisa makore?
Zvinoita sekuti hapana munhu angada kurota kuti basa rave richiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri, rinogona kuve nehunhu.
HAKUNA MABASA AKANAKA
Mary Springowksi, mutungamiri weboka muOhio Ford chirimwa chinogadzira mavhani eEconoline, anoti pachena, "Hapasisina mabasa akanaka."
Vashandi vemotokari vaiwanzoziva magiredhi akanaka. Iwo mabasa akanaka kwazvo aive abva pamutsetse wegungano zvachose: kutyaira forklift, kutsvaira. Varume vakuru vakapedza nguva yavo muplant kumabasa aya.
Kana wanga wakanamatira pamutsetse, waida kuongororwa kana kugadziriswa - kushomeka kwemuviri. Uye mukati memabasa asiri-akanaka-akasara, waida rimwe risina kuremerwa nemabasa, kwawaigona kushanda nekukurumidza kuti uende mberi zvishoma. Iwe waida kuseta yako nhanho pachinzvimbo cheiyo isingaregi yemutsara.
Ko mabasa akanaka aendepi? Ivo vakarasika pakuita kondirakiti, kuita otomatiki, kune vashandi vanobhadhara zvishoma mukati nekunze kweDetroit Yetatu, uye nekumhanya kwakare.
Perry anoidaidza kuti "nguva shoma yekuita mamwe matanho." Anoti zvinotora nguva yakapetwa kaviri kuti adzidze basa idzva sezvaaimboita, uye nekatatu kuti aite zvakanaka.
VaVictor Bean vanoti pavakatanga paFord's Dearborn Truck body shop muna 2004, paive nevashandi vanosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu. Ikozvino kune 160. Automation uye kubatanidza basa kwakakonzera kurasikirwa.
"Vakamhanyisa marobhoti mazhizha maviri apfuura uye unogona kunyatsonzwa mutsauko," anodaro Jeff Brown, anoshanda muMazda/Ford gungano chirimwa pasi I-75. Basa rake rechitoro chemuviri pamutsetse weMustang rakagurwa kubva kuvashandi vaviri kuenda kune mumwe. โMusana wangu unotanga kurwadza muawa yekutanga yekuchinja. Zvakasiyana, nekuti vakagura misoro yakawanda.
GM yakaderera kusvika kuvashandi ve50,000, kubva ku78,000 muna 2007. Ford iri pa40,000, pasi kubva ku54,000. Chrysler anoshandisa 22,000 paawa, zvichidzika kubva pamakumi mana.
Pamwe chete nebasa rakawanda rekuita munguva shoma rinouya kwakasimba kutarisa uye kutonga. Perry anotsanangura Global Manufacturing System inotonga zuva rake (yakatorwa kubva kuToyota).
Nzvimbo yekuita mabasa ake yakatarwa nemitsara pasi - hapasisina kushanda "kumusoro kwemutsara." Anotariswa nemagetsi: Kana pfuti yemagetsi yaanoshandisa kupfura masiruu ikasaona nhamba chaiyo yekutenderera mukati memutsindo webasa, yambiro inoenda, ichiyambira mutungamiri wechikwata.
Kana dambudziko rikasagadziriswa nekukurumidza, mutsara wekugadzira unodzima, nemunwe wemagetsi wakanongedza kwaari.
HANDIGANIRI KUSVIKA
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo sekondi yega yega yakakosha, nguva yekuzorora inokosheswa uye haina kumbokwana. Achishanda shifiti yemaawa masere, Perry anowana zororo remaminiti gumi pazuva, uye maminitsi makumi maviri ekudya kwemasikati.
Nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwevatengi, zvidyarwa zvakaita sePerry zvakatama kubva pahurongwa hwechina-10-awa mashifiti pamushandi pasvondo, kuenda kumazuva mashanu-maawa masere. Vashandi vatatu vanoshanda siku nesikati. Don Kemp weGM's Flint Truck and Bus anoti chirimwa chake chichashanda Mugovera miviri uye imwe chete kuti irambe iripo.
Tom Brown, inspector paDearborn Truck, anoti pakutanga vashandi vakafarira zano revhiki remazuva mana-kunyangwe, neawavha yaidiwa, yaive pedyo nemaawa gumi nerimwe pazuva. Vashandi vazhinji vanotyaira madaro marefu, vanotamiswa kubva kuzvirimwa zvakavharwa kure.
Iye zvino, anoti, vanokuvenga. Ford haizoudzi vashandi purogiramu yavo chaiyo kusvikira manheru. "Pese iyo kambani painofona anopfuura maawa gumi, unogona kunzwa kudonha kwepini," akadaro, "nekuti mamwe maminetsi makumi mana nemaviri imhondi."
Zuva rekuwedzera rekuzorora inhema, zvakare. Pakupera kwezuva rechina, iyo yekuchinja kwaBrown iri 4:30 am, vanhu vanopedzisira varara nekuneta.
Mhedzisiro inofanotaurwa yemaawa akawanda uye mabasa akawandisa kukuvara. Vashandi vanoti zvirimwa zvavo zvazara nevakakuvara vachifamba, vamwe vaenda kuzororo rekunovhiyiwa mapendekete nemawoko. Brown, ane zvirambidzo nemhaka yeruoko rwakatyoka, anoyeuka foromani anopenga achidanidzira, kuti: โHatina vanhu vapi navapi vakasimba here muno?โ
Don Kemp anoti basa rake muchitoro chekudyara marori raionekwa se "basa rakanaka," asi rakabvarura cuff yake yekutenderera. "Paiva nenguva yakawanda yekuzviita," anodaro, "asi kushandisa tsandanyama dzakafanana ka900 usiku ...."
KUENDA MBERI ZVAKASARA
Masweeper jobs, aimbova purovhinzi yevachakurumidza kusiya basa, vaive vakuvadzwa nekudzikiswa kwemitengo kusingaite. Dzimwe nguva iyo UAW inoronga makambani ekondirakiti ayo ave kupa vashandi vakachena, asi vachiri kubhadharwa.
Pam Powell anoti mabasa aya akaita mutsauko pakati pekukwanisa kushanda kusvika waenda pamudyandigere uye โkusava nebasa rinowanikwa.โ
Rimwe basa rinoshuviwaโkutakura zvinhu kubva panokwirirwa zvinhuโriri kunyangarika, anodaro Victor Bean. Automatic Guided Vehicles dziri kutsiva vatyairi.
Management ine hurongwa, huri kuenderera mberi, hwekutevera mabasa akanakisa ezvese mufekitari yemotokari: vane hunyanzvi hwepipefitter, vemagetsi, uye vamwe vanhu vari parwendo vasingangobhadharwa zvakanyanya asi vaimbove nekumwe kuzvitonga uye kunyange nguva yemahara.
Makambani ari kuderedza nhamba dzevashandi vane hunyanzvi kuburikidza nekubatanidza mhizha, kupa basa rawo kuvashandi vekugadzira, uye kutora mamwe asara.
Thelma Phillips, nyanzvi yemagetsi padzimbahwe reFord muDearborn, anoti mazita ebasa asara ndeamagetsi, anogadzira chigayo, pipefitter, uye โakapoteredza.โ
Anoti, โHavavadzidzisi zvavanoda kuziva kuti vari munzvimbo yese. โVanobva vaunza makondirakiti ekunze nekuti havana hunyanzvi.
Alex Wassell, pane chimwe chirimwa cheChrysler padyo neDetroit, anoti kwete chete manejimendi ari kutadza kutsiva vashandi vane hunyanzvi vanoenda pamudyandigere, hapasati pave nemudzidzi muchirimwa chake kubvira 2000.
Mabasa mashoma akanaka asara. Robert Morris anoshanda paFord "High Velocity" nzvimbo yekugovera zvikamu muDetroit. Basa rekuchengetera zvinhu harinyanyi kunetsa kupfuura mutsara wegungano, anodaro.
Zvakadaro, vaanoshanda navo vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kuwedzera zvikamu zvavo zvakatorwa paawa. "Bhizinesi riri kusimuka zvakanyanya saka vanotora vari kuita basa rakawanda rekuita," akadaro. โNzira iri kuvhara maminitsi gumi nemashanu oga oga. Kumhanya mhanya."
Bob King, mwanakomana wemukuru weFord Industrial Relations director, akatanga panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvikamu, akabva aona sebasa rekubika. Akazodzidzira semugadziri wemagetsi asati atanga basa rake reUAW.
KUDZOKERA, KUBHADHARA KWAKAPA
Vanenge vashandi vepamusoro-soro vanobhadharwa zvakanaka nokuda kwebasa ravo rakaoma uye kukuvara kwavo. Asi kubva muna 2007, vanga vachishanda pamwe chete nechikamu chitsva chevashandi "yekupinda-chikamu". Kunyangwe ivo vari nhengo dzeUAW, vanowana mabhenefiti akaderera, inenge hafu yemubhadharo, uye vasina manera kune "chinyakare" nhanho.
Pamakambani matatu aya, vashandi veFord ndivo vanonyanya kuvhota kuti kwete pachibvumirano chiri kuuya, ingave iyo inotyora chibvumirano imari, magumo evari kushanda nehafu yemuhoro, kana mamiriro ekushanda asingaoneki kune wekunze asi zvakakosha mushandi.
Eric Truss, anoona nezvekufa paFord's Dearborn frame plant, anoti vashandi vachiri kudada kuti vakavhota pasi pemvumo yenyika pamushandirwi wavo ane pundutso muna 2009 ne3 kusvika 1 muganho - kekutanga muDetroit Three.
Nhengo dzeDearborn Truck dzakatobhowekana naMambo kubva pachikuva paakauya kuzotengesa zvinopihwa. "Nguva iyoyo haisati yaenda," Truss anodaro. "Zvakaratidza kuti nhengo ine simba rakawanda sei."
Morris anoti kunhengo dzake zvinozosarudzwa zvichave mari uye kupatsanurwa kwemabasa. โZvinoti, โiri ndiro basa randinoda kuita,โโ akadaro. "Pasina classifications uri gofer."
Anocherekedza, zvakadaro, kuti nzvimbo yake yepakati ndiyo yega paFord iyo ichine ese epakati kupatsanura. Vamwe vari pasi kune vaviri chete, vashandi vese nevatungamiriri.
Zvikamu zvechinyakare inyaya yekondirakiti yemuno, uye Morris anotya "kurega izvi zvichienda kudhorobha" kumahofisi makuru eUAW, nekuti vepamusoro-soro vakasiya zvikwata zvichidonha kutenderera nyika.
โIvo vanhu vakanaka,โ anodaro, โasi vakareba zvikuru kubva pauriri zvokuti havagoni kurondedzera. Ndosaka tichifanira kuvayeuchidza kuti kwakamira sei kuzasi.โ
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta