Amazon payakazivisa hurongwa hwekutsvaga mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora, zviuru makumi mashanu-vashandi sedzimbahwe rechipiri kumwe kuNorth America, hurumende dzematunhu nemakanzuru vakazviwisira vachipa mabhiriyoni emadhora mukuderedzwa kwemitero uye rubatsiro rwemakambani kuti vawane mubairo. Zvingava zvakakodzera kuti maguta 5 asara akaita danho rokupedzisira kuteerera nyevero inobva kuAeneid yaVirgil: โNdinotya vaGiriki, kunyange kana vachitakura zvipo.โ Kunyanya apo zvipo zvinouya nenzira yemazuva ano ye digital chain gang.
Amazon inoda kuzviona seyakacheka-kumucheto, 21st-century yekukura kambani, inogara ichishanda kuti ikurumidze kuendesa kune vatengi vayo, ingave neiyo drone, kana kubvisa queuing uye mabhegi muzvitoro zvayo zvichangobva kuwanikwa zveWhole Foods ine itsva smartphone app. . Pasi peiyi high-tech sheen, zvisinei, mutengesi wepamhepo uye tekinoroji hofori anoita maitiro evashandi anomutsa kuenzanisa neiyo 19th-century sweatshop. Kambani iyi inogara ichibhadhara mihoro iri pamusoro pehurombo, ichishandisa hurongwa hwekutarisa vashandi, kuvavharira nemirau yakadzama, kutara nguva dzenzendo dzekuchengetera zvinhu, uye vobva vayera kana zvinangwa zvazadzikiswa. Ruzivo rwese urwu rwunoitwa kuti rwuwanikwe kune maneja munguva chaiyo, uye kana "vashandi-vatambi" veAmazon vakasara kumashure, vanogashira Big Brother-senge meseji inovasunda kuti vasvike vavariro yavo kana kutambura mhedzisiro. Kukundikana kuita kudaro kunosanganisirwa negadziriro yechirango yoโkurova katatu nokusununguraโโkureva manyepo nokuda kwokudzingwa.
Mukukosha, une $550-bhiriyoni-pamwe nemubatanidzwa wepasi rose une simba risingatariswe remusika uye hapana chiratidzo chekuti chinzvimbo chayo chepamutemo chichapikiswa chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera kuburikidza nechisimba chekudzivirira kuvimba-uye hapana kurudziro yemubatanidzwa kurwisa hutsinye hwayo. uye intrusive work practice. Makambani akaita seAmazon akabatsirwa nekubatsirwa nehurumende dze โpro-businessโ idzo kwemakumi emakore dzakaunza mutemo wakaomarara wehukama hwemaindasitiri kuderedza kugona kwemasangano evashandi kuwana mihoro yenhengo dzawo, uku achibvisa mabhiriyoni ekuderedzwa kwemitero nerubatsiro. izvo zvinonyima nharaunda mari inodiwa zvikuru pakupa mabasa anokosha ehurumende.
Kunyangwe aya makwikwi ekupedzisira erunako emuno, Amazon yakagamuchira ingangoita madhora zana nemakumi maviri nematatu kubva mudunhu reOhio mukuwedzera kwekuzorora mutero, pamwe nemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe emamiriyoni emari. Izvo zvave zvakanyanya kukambani, asi zvakadini nevanhu veOhio? Chidzidzo chitsva na Policy Matters Ohio vakawana kuti vanopfuura mazana manomwe vashandi veAmazon vanogashira zvitambi zvechikafu, kana kupfuura gumi muzana yevashandi vetech tech's 700-vakasimba vashandi mudunhu. Imhaka yekuti mabasa akapihwa neAmazon mukutsinhana neaya mazororo emitero kusatombobhadhara pamusoro peiyo $26,208 hurombo mutsetse. Zvakawanda kune-yakakoshesa "multiplier effect" inonzi yakagadzirwa neiyi panoply yehurumende yakakura.
Kana kuti funga nezvedunhu reNew Jersey, uko kwaChris Christie kwekupedzisira kuita gavhuna kwaive kuedza kwake kudzika mutemo unobvumidza mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora emutero kuAmazon, kana ikasarudza kutamisa muzinda wayo wechipiri kudunhu. Pane kuenzanisa kwakashata kune zvakaitwa naChristie, tichifunga kuti imwe yematanho ake ekutanga paakatanga hutongi hwake yaive kuramba nzira yenjanji yaidiwa zvikuru iyo, semaonero ake, yakatyisidzira mutengo wemadhora mazana maviri-5 emadhora, chimwe chinhu chinonzi "zvisingagamuchirwiโ neaimbova gavhuna. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, Amazon yakaronga zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji sechiyero chakakosha chedzimbahwe rechipiri rakarongwa; mumwe anoshamisika kana boka remanejimendi rayo rakaramba richiziva nezvematambudziko ekufamba amuka nekuda kwekushaikwa kuri kuramba kuchikwira mukukwidziridzwa kwezvivakwa zvehurongwa hweNJ/NJ.
Muchokwadi, mhedzisiro huru yekukurudzira uku kwehupfumi kugadzira zero-sum mutambo. Vanorwisanisa nzanga sezvavanotsvaka rubatsiro, ukuwo vachifa nenzara matunhu emari inodiwa yemabasa anokosha ehurumende. Bloomberg yakashuma muna Gumiguru apfuura kuti vanopindura zvechimbichimbi vanoshanyira imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAmazon muLicking County, Ohio, kamwechete pazuva kuti vabatsire mushandi akuvara. Vagari vemunzvimbo iyi vanofanirwa kubhadhara mari idzi nekuti Amazon haibhadhare mutero wezvivakwa muLicking County pasi pechibvumirano cherubatsiro, zvichimanikidza vavhoti kuti vabvise rubatsiro urwu ne. kubvumidza mutero wepfuma we $6.5 miriyoni November apfuura kuti bato remoto rirambe richishanda.
Ipapo kune chaiwo mamiriro ekushanda paAmazon pachayo, ayo akakurukurwa nemunyori Simon Head mubhuku rake Kusafunga: Sei Akangwara Machina Ari Kugadzira Dumber Vanhu. Head anotsanangura mashandisirwo eAmazon emazuva ano e "functional foreman," chimiro chakatanga kuunzwa naFrederick Winslow Taylor (piyona we "Scientific Management") mumashopu emuPennsylvania muchina-chishandiso indasitiri muma1890s. Mune yemazuva ano Amazon vhezheni, Head anonyora:
"Foromani anoshanda ainyora kuti vatakuri vaienda kakawanda sei kuchimbuzi uye, kana vasina kuenda kuchimbuzi pedyo nemutsetse, wadii. Mudzidzi aitakura akacherechedzawo kuti, nenzira yaJeremy Bentham wezana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe, chivakwa chedhipatimendi chakagadzirirwa kuita kuti kuongorora kuve nyore, nebhiriji rakaiswa kumagumo kwenzvimbo yekushandira apo mutariri aigona kumira otarisa pasi maward. Zvakadaro, basa revamaneja vedepo nevatarisiri rakanga risiri rekungo rwisa kubiwa kwenguva uye kuita kuti tambo ifambe asiwo kutsvaga nzira dzekuti ifambire mberi nekukurumidza. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvaiitwa pachishandiswa nzira dzekare dzeScientific Management, asi pane dzimwe nguva zvinangwa zvepamusoro zvekubuda zvaingoziviswa nevatungamiriri, semafambiro enzvimbo yebasa yeSoviet panguva yeStalin. "
Kana Taylor's "Scientific Management" aive tateguru weAmazon, ndeyakavakirwa pamanyepo. Taylor aiwanzopedza mazuva mashoma achiona vanhu vachishanda, stopwatch yake uye slide mutemo uri muruoko. Mushure mezvo, aibva aburitsa report achiudza vashandi maitirwo ebasa ravo nekukurumidza, uyezve endesa mari hombe kukambani yemabasa ake. Asi sebhuku richangoburwa neaimbova maneja maneja Matthew Stewart akaratidzira (Iyo Management Ngano: Sei Nyanzvi Dzichiramba Dzichiikanganisa), Taylor akakanganisa data rake uye akawedzera rekodhi yake yekubudirira. Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevashandi vainyanya kushushikana kwakave nechigadzirwa chisingafadzi kune vazhinji vevashandirwi vaibhadharira mabasa emanyepo aTaylor: zvakakonzera kusavimbana kukuru pakati pemaneja nevashandi, pamwe nekukurudzira kufamba kwekuwedzera mubatanidzwa.
Neraki kuAmazon (kwete vashandi vayo), hapasati pave nehumbowo hwakawedzerwa hwekubatana pazvidyarwa zvakawanda muUS kana UK, uye nekudaro, hapana izwi revashandi rakazvimirira rekukwikwidza zvinodiwa nemanejimendi yekuwedzera kuburitsa kusingaenzaniswi nekuwedzera kwemuhoro chaiwo. Izvi zvinoitika pakatarisana nekumashure uko dunhu rega rega rinonyanya kufara kutora mabasa kubva kune imwe nevimbiso yekumwezve mitsva yekuzorora mutero.
Amazon inovhara maitiro ayo ebasa nematauriro anoita kuti George Orwell atsvedze. Inodaidza vashandi vayo "vatambi" nekusimbisa kutsungirira uye kumhanya (izvo CEO Jeff Bezos anoti "kurerekera kuita chiito"). Collective performance inopimwa nechinangwa chekutyora miganhu. Amazon's Allentown, Pennsylvania, chirimwa chaive musoro wenyaya mupepanhau reko, โKufona Kwamangwanani,โ iyo yakaratidza kureba uko Amazon yakanga yakagadzirira kuenda kuti ichengetedze mitengo yakaderera uye kubuda kwakakwira:
"Vashandi vakati vakamanikidzwa kutsungirira kupisa kunotyisa mukati meimba yekuchengetera zvinhu uye vakasundirwa kushanda nekukurumidza. Vashandi vaigara vachitsiurwa maererano nekubudirira kwavo uye nekutyisidzirwa nekumiswa, vashandi vakadaro. Migumisiro yekusasangana netarisiro yebasa yaigara ichiratidzwa, sezvo vashandi vakarasikirwa nemabasa uye vakaperekedzwa kunze kweimba yekuchengetera zvinhu. Maonero akadai aikurudzira vamwe vashandi kuti vavanze marwadzo uye nekukuvadza kuti vangazodzingwawo, vashandi vakadaro. "
Bepa racho rakaratidzawo kuti ma ambulensi akamiswa mazuva anopisa paAmazon centre kuti atore vashandi vari kurwara nekupisa kuchipatara.
Mukupindura kushambadza kwakashata, Amazon kubva ipapo yakaisa mhepo-inodzoreredza system muchirimwa, asi yakafara tsika tsika yakaramba yakafanana. Munguva pfupi yapfuura muna Ndira 2018, mutori wenhau weGuardian Donna Ferguson akanyora zviitiko zveimwe kunyanya mushandi, Aaron Callaway:
โNdinoshanda husiku huna pasvondo Amazon imba yekuchengetera zvinhu padyo nepamba pangu muSouthend-on-Sea. Inzvimbo inotonhora zvikuru yokushanda uye, kunze kwezvokudya zviviri zvehafu yeawa, ndinofamba netsoka dzangu kwemaawa gumi nehafu. Ini ndinotarisisa zvinhu zvinounzwa nemarori kubva kune vanogovera uye ndozviisa mungoro chaiyo kuti marobhoti aendese kunzvimbo chaiyo mudura.
โNdinofanira kukanda chinhu chimwe nechimwe mumasekonzi 15 zvichidzika, ndopedza 250 muawa, kana kuti ndichanyeverwa namaneja. Kubva pachiteshi changu kuenda, toti, kunwa mvura kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kukuru pakuita kwangu.
โPandinombozorora kwehafu yeawa ndinomhanyira pasi kuti ndiwane chokudya. Zvinoshungurudza - uye zvinokanganisa hutano hwangu, kumira kwemaawa akawanda. Ndinonetseka kuti ndingafenda kana ndikasazorora panguva yekuzorora kwangu. Kubva zvandakatanga ndaonda.โ
Vanofarira veSilicon Valley vagara vachipokana kuti IT inosunungura vashandi, ichibatsira kuunza zvikwata zvebasa zvinozvimiririra uye nekuita sarudzo. Asi chiitiko chebasa reAmazon chinoratidza kuti zvakapesana chaizvo zvakaitika. Uye hutsinye uye kazhinji husina kugadzikana hutongi hweinjiniya zvakare hunokanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi uye kunetesa simba ravo rekutaurirana munzvimbo yebasa.
Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kukurudzira hurumende kuti dzitarise kuti rudzii rwe "chipo" chavari kuwana kubva kuAmazon yakarongwa yekudyara.
John Atkinson Hobson akanga ari nyanzvi yezveupfumi yeChirungu ane basa raakaita muhafu yekupedzisira yezana ramakore rechi 19 kusvika muna 1940. Achiona kufanana kwanhasi nenguva iyoyo, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yevashandi Bill Mitchell akataura nguva pfupi yadarika kuti Hobson akapa nzwisiso yakanakisa yekukwira kwekusaenzana kwemari, kushaikwa kwemabasa uye. hurombo hunowedzera hunogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwehupfumi kuburikidza nahwo zvinokanganisa kuderedzwa kwekushandisa kwevatengi. Hobson akapikisa pfungwa yakanga iripo panguva iyoyo, yaiti kudzvinyirirwa kwemuhoro kwakanakira bhizinesi nenzanga.
Mumakore ekuma1920 nema30, John Maynard Keynes akataura maonero akafanana, achiona kuti kucheka mihoro kunogona kuderedza mari yeyuniti (kana iwe ukaita fungidziro huru yekuti kukanganisa kwehunhu hakukanganise kukura kwezvibereko), asi kana ukaitwa chiyero chenyika zvakare chinoderedza kukura nekukanganisa kwakakosha kunobva kudiwa. Kukura kunogona kuchengetedzwa kwechinguva kuburikidza nehuinjiniya hwemari uye kuunganidzwa kwezvikwereti zvakazvimirira, kunyangwe kudonha kubva muna 2008 kuchifanira kutiyeuchidza kuti uyu muenzaniso wakarasika zvakanyanya sezvo hurumende zhinji dzanhasi dziri kuramba dzichizvigamuchira. Sezvineiwo, mihoro chaiyo inofanirwa kukura zvichienderana nekubudirira kwevashandi kuti mazinga ekushandisa achengetwe pasina kutsamira zvisina kufanira pachikwereti uye kuderedzwa kwemari.
Iyo yekugara muhoro modhi yakaitwa neAmazon inopedzisira yazviparadza. Nenguva refu, kana zvinobuda zvemushandi wega wega (zvinonzi nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi "kushanda kwevashandi") zvichikwira zvakanyanya asi kugona kutenga (muhoro chaiwo) kuri kusarira kumashure, kukura kwehupfumi kunozvitsigira sei? Uye zvii zvinobatsira hurumende? Vanopa rubatsiro, vanopotsa mari yemutero, vanofa nenzara vagari vemo yemabasa anokosha enzanga, uye vanokodza mhindu yeava vatengesi vemazuva ano vanoba, vanobata vashandi vavo semasevha sezvavanodzinga mabhizimisi emo aripo. Iwo "mabhenefiti anopihwa neAmazon, saka, ndeemanyepo seGreek's Trojan horse. Iwo maguta makumi maviri asara anogona kuita zvakanaka kutarisa iyi Amazon chipo bhiza mumuromo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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