Pakauya vatongi vemubatanidzwa kuSouthern Oregon muna Chikumi kuzonzwa nezve chirongwa chikuru chekuburitsa gasi kunze kwenyika, vakakwaziswa nesangano rinoramba kudzika midzi makore gumi nemashanu mukugadzira. Vanhu vangangosvika mazana masere vakapinda munhevedzano yematare mana akaiswa neFederal Energy Regulatory Commission, kana FERC. Vaitaura vachipokana nechirongwa chegasi vaimiririra varidzi veminda yekumaruwa, hurumende dzematunhu, zvido zvehove, hurumende dzemadzinza, uye mapoka anorwira mamiriro ekunze.
"Chirongwa ichi chaunza vanhu pamwechete kubva kumativi ese ezvematongerwo enyika," akadaro director weRogue Climate campaigns Allie Rosenbluth. โKunyangwe vanhu vachitaura vachipokana nekutyisidzirwa kwenzvimbo ine mukurumbira kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, tese tinoziva kuti haina kunaka kunharaunda dzedu. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vakawanda vave kubuda gore negore kweanopfuura makore gumi kuzozvipikisa.โ
Southern Oregon ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzakasara dzehondo yekufamba kwakakunda marasha, oiri uye gasi zviteshi zvekukwira nekudzika kwePacific Northwest Coast. Dunhu iri kumusha kune yakarongwa yeJordan Cove LNG ekunze terminal (LNG iri pfupi kune yakanyungudika gasi rechisikigo) uye Pacific Connector pombi yaizobatana nayo. Pamwe chete, ivo vari pakati pekupedzisira makuru ekuNorthwest fossil ekunze zvikumbiro zvichiri kuenderera mberi. Nekubvumidza maitiro emapurojekiti ane hukama achipinda muchikamu chakaoma, kuramba kuri kusimuka kuhondo ine simba.
Kuramba kuri kukura kunoda kudzivirira Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kuti asave nzvimbo huru yemafuta ekufambisa kunze kwenyika inozivikanwa zvisina kurongwa seThin Green Line.
Mamiriro acho akakwira kune mamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda dzakakanganiswa munharaunda. Pombi yakareba mamaira mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nepfumbamwe yePacific Connector yaizotora matunhu mana uye ichicheka nemazana ezvivakwa zvevaridzi veminda, zvichiita kuti vagari vazhinji vekumaruwa vabatane nevanorwira mamiriro ekunze mukuirwisa. Iyo pombi yaizoyambukawo nyika yeKlamath Tribes, iyo inopikisa zviri pamutemo chirongwa ichi nekuda kwekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nzvimbo dzekuvigwa dzekare. Mamwe madzinza ane nharaunda yemadzitateguru aizokanganiswa - kusanganisira Yurok, Karuk, uye Tolowa Dee-ni 'marudzi - akataurawo.
mune tsamba kuFERC vachizivisa vanopikisa veTolowa Dee-ni 'Tribal Council, sachigaro weKanzuru Denise Richards-Padgett vakaratidza kutyisidzirwa kurwizi rwaRogue, vakanyora kuti, "Mvura itsime rehupenyu kuvanhu veTolowa uye kuvimbika kwemvura chero ipi zvayo inoyerera ichipinda munyika dzemaAboriginal eTribe. ndima inogona kusakanganiswa."
Mamiriro ekunze egasi rakanyungudutswa rave rimwe dambudziko kubva pakutanga. Nepo gasi rechisikigo richiwanzoitwa seimwe yakaderera-kabhoni imwe nzira kune marasha, inotonhorera-inotonhorera uye kuitakura ichiyambuka gungwa mumatangi makuru inowedzera zvakanyanya kune yayo kabhoni tsoka. A ichangoburwa chirevo kubva kuOil Change International inofungidzira kuburitswa kwese kwakabatana neJordan Cove LNG kungasvika kagumi neshanu kabhoni yeOregon's Boardman Coal Plant, parizvino ndiyo inosvibisa zvikuru nyika.
"Chiteshi ichi uye pombi inoumba hutongi hwemamiriro ekunze, hupfumi, zvisikwa, hutano nekuchengetedza matambudziko kupfuura iwo mana akakanganisika," akadaro Bonnie McKinlay, anozvipira neStop Fracked Gas-PDX - boka rePortland rinoronga mukubatana. nenharaunda dzepamberi dzakakanganiswa nemapurojekiti egasi rechisikigo, kusanganisira Jordan Cove.
Nekuda kwechikamu chikuru chezvinokonzeresa mamiriro ekunze, Jordan Cove LNG yanga iri tarisiro yevaratidziri vemamiriro ekunze kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kubvira payakatsanangurwa makore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Nekufamba kwenguva, mubatanidzwa wakasiyana-siyana wakaungana kuzoupikisa wakawedzera uye wakatora mamwe mapurojekiti emafuta ezvicherwa, zvichibatsira kuisa hwaro hwekufamba kwehuswa kwakashandura dunhu rose rePacific Northwest kuita hubhu yekupokana nemafuta ekuramba. Zvakadaro, sekunge zvimwe zvikumbiro zvemafuta ezvicherwa zvakaiswa pamberi uye ndokukundwa, kukunda kwekupedzisira pamusoro peJordan Cove kwaramba kusingabviri. Ikozvino, vatsigiri vanotarisira kuti pakupedzisira vawana mukana wekupedza kurwa uku kwemakore gumi nemashanu zvachose.
Kugadzira nzira yeMutsetse weGreen Green
Kwakatangira Jorodhani Cove LNG kubva muna 2004, apo nzvimbo yesimba reUS yaitaridzika zvakasiyana kubva nhasi. Gore iroro Colorado-yakavakirwa Energy Products Development LLC yakazivisa hurongwa hwekuvaka iyo liquefied natural gas import terminal paCoos Bay muSouthern Oregon. Kambani iyi yakaendesa chiziviso kuhurumende, ichitanga chirongwa chekubvumidza icho chaizotora makore akawanda, sezvo muridzi wepurojekiti iyi achinja mawoko uye chinangwa chayo kubva kubva kune kunze kwenyika kuenda kune kunze kwenyika gasi rakanyungudika.
Panguva iyoyo, iyo US fracking boom uye gare gare kukura kunoshamisa kwezvinovandudzwa kwakanga kusati kwashandura hupfumi hwesimba munyika ino. United States yakanga ichiri mutengi wemafuta emafuta ekunze, uye Jordan Cove LNG yaive imwe yemapurojekiti matatu akakurudzirwa muOregon nemakambani akasiyana kuendesa gasi remvura rakatonhorera kubva mhiri kwemakungwa risati radzoreredza gasi uye kuritumira nemapaipi kumisika mikuru yeUS simba - kunyanya muCalifornia.
Kutanga kuramba gasi rakanyungudutswa kubva kuruzhinji kwakatarisana nemapurojekiti ese matatu: Jordan Cove, Bradwood Landing LNG pedyo neAstoria, uye Oregon LNG pedyo neWarrenton. Muna 2010, Bradwood yakava purojekiti yekutanga kupeta apo mutsigiri wayo wekambani, NothernStar Natural Gas Company, yakamhan'arira kubhuroka nekubvisa midziyo yayo. Bradwood LNG yaive chikamu chekukuvara kweiyo fracking boom - iyo, panguva iyoyo, yakanga yakanganisa chikonzero chekuunza gasi kutsva. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinokonzeresa fracking zvaizotamba muPacific Northwest nenzira dzakanyanya kuipa kune mamiriro ekunze.
Musanganiswa wemitengo yakaderera yegasi yechisikigo uye kushorwa kwemarasha kwakakonzera kushanduka kubva pakupisa kwemarasha uye zvakaita kuti vagadziri vemarasha vekuUS vatarise misika yekumhiri kwemakungwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwanda kusingatarisirwi kwegasi neoiri kubva mukuparara kunoisa kumanikidza kumakambani kuti atumire kunze mafuta iwayo. Mukufamba kwemakore mashoma, zvikumbiro zvekutengesa kunze kwemarasha neoiri zvakabuda mumataundi echiteshi kukwidza nekudzika kumahombekombe eOregon neWashington. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vatsigiri veOregon LNG neJordan Cove LNG vakachinja maitiro avo ebhizinesi avakange vafunga kubva pakuunza kunze kwenyika kuenda kunze kwenyika gasi rechisikigo.
Mukuratidzira kwekuratidzira kupokana nekutengeswa kwemafuta kunze kwenyika muna Chikunguru 2013, mapoka emamiriro ekunze - anosanganisira Rising Tide Portland uye 350 Portland - akadonhedza banner hombe kubva pabhiriji riri pamusoro peColumbia River ichiverenga "Marasha, Mafuta, Gasi: Hapana Achapfuura." Yakanga iri chimwe chinhu chenguva yekubuda kwerudzi rutsva rwekufamba muPacific Northwest yakatarisana nekupikisa kwete chero rudzi rumwe rwemafuta emafuta kunze kwenyika, asi ese ese.
Kuramba uku kuri kukura - uko kunotsvaga kudzivirira Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kuti asave nzvimbo huru yekutengesera mafuta - yakasvika pakuzivikanwa zvisina kurongwa seTin Green Line. Bato iri rakava nerubatsiro rwekukwanisa kudzidza kubva kumuenzaniso wezvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka mubatanidzwa uye kurongeka kwepasi kwakagadziridzwa muhondo yagara ichipokana negasi rakanyungudutswa.
Kuramba kutengeswa kwegasi munguva yaTrump
Kuti ivhure pasi, Jordan Cove LNG - parizvino iri yeCanada-based Pembina Pipeline Corporation - inoda nhevedzano yemvumo kubva mudunhu reOregon, hurumende dzemuno neFERC. Muna 2012, Jordan Cove payakachinja zviri pamutemo kuita purojekiti yekunze, FERC yakasiya mvumo yaimboenderana nekuve mutengesi wegasi. Muna 2016, FERC yakaramba kaviri zvikumbiro zvitsva kubva kuJordan Cove LNG.
Zvakanga zvisinganzwike nezveFERC - sangano rinozivikanwa nemvumo yekutsikisa rabha - kutaura chaiko kuti kwete kune yakakura fossil purojekiti. Asi izvi zvaive mukati memwedzi yekupedzisira yehutongi hwaObama, apo kuratidzira kwepamusoro-soro kupikisa zvirongwa zvakaita sepombi yeDakota Access zvaiita kunge zviri kukonzera kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa ifunge zvakare maitiro ayo pamusoro pezvivakwa zvitsva zvemafuta. Ipapo Donald Trump akava mutungamiri uye zvose zvakachinja zvakare.
Muna Kukadzi 2017, pasi pehutongi hutsva hwemafuta, FERC yakabvumira chikumbiro chitsva chemvumo yeJordan Cove LNG kuti ienderere mberi. Izvi zvakatanga chikamu chitsva chekubvumidza kumatunhu ese enyika nemubatanidzwa, pamwe nefungu idzva rekupokana nepasi iro rakasvika kucrescendo chirimo chino.
Muna Ndira 2019, Dhipatimendi reOregon reNyika Lands rakabata veruzhinji kuSouthern Oregon uye guta guru reSalem pa "bvisa uye kuzadza" mvumo yeJordan Cove kubva kuhurumende kuti ienderere mberi. "Vanopfuura 3,000 vanhu vakauya kuzonzwa," Rosenbluth akadaro. "Iye zvino tiri kuramba tichimanikidza Gov. Kate Brown. Isu tinotenda kuti zvakakosha kuti gavhuna anozviti shasha yemamiriro ekunze arambe mapurojekiti akaita seJordan Cove. "
Nepo Brown akasunda mabhiri emamiriro ekunze mudare reparamende uye akapa mirairo yekudzora kabhoni yeOregon, chimiro chake paJordan Cove LNG chave chisiri chekuzvipira kusvika pari zvino. "Takave nevanhu vaiuya pakutaura kwake, vanounganidza mari uye kutaridzika kweruzhinji kuti vasangane naye pabasa iri," Rosenbluth akawedzera. "Tinovimba Gov. Brown anomira nenharaunda dziri kuSouthern Oregon dzanga dzichimukumbira kuti amise Jordan Cove LNG kwenguva yakareba sezvaanga ari muhofisi."
Vanorwira mamiriro ekunze muOregon mose vari kuitawo chikamu chavo kumanikidza nyika naBrown, uyo anoita basa rakakosha mukuita sarudzo nezveJordan Cove - vese senhengo yeState Lands Board uye mutariri wekupedzisira wemasangano ese ehurumende. "Tinoenda kuSalem kuti tinzwe uye misangano kuhofisi yeState Lands Board uye chivakwa cheCapitol," McKinlay akadaro. โIsu imbwa dzeshiri dzakasarudza vakuru vakuru nezvikwangwani zvinoti โWe Want Clean Energy, Not Fracked Gas!โ. Isu tinounganidza masiginecha uye makomendi uye tinoitisa mashopu ekunyora-yekunyora. "
Ipo nyika inobvumidza sarudzo dzichienda kumberi, FERC iri kuita ongororo yakafanana - iyo inosanganisira kunzwa kwaChikumi muSouthern Oregon.
Anopfuura gumi nemaviri mapurojekiti makuru ekutumirwa kunze kwemafuta efossil akasiiwa. Zvinenge pasina chimwe chezvivakwa zvikurusa chakaputsika.
Vanopikisa Northwest fossil mafuta kunze kwenyika vakave netsika yakawanda yekuenda kumatare mukati memakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Kunzwa kweruzhinji pamusoro pemarasha, oiri neLNG kwakwezva mazana kana zviuru zvevanhu, nekutora chikamu kuchiita sechimwe chinhu chebasa revagari kune vanoita zvemamiriro ekunze. Mhepo inenge yakaita secarnival inotekeshera pakunzwa kwakawanda kwakadai uko vanhu vanobva munzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo vanouya pamwe chete kuti vanzwe semhemberero yekuramba mafuta ezvicherwa. Zviitiko izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira misangano yekunze kunze kwenzvimbo yekunzwa, zvimisikidzo zveveruzhinji uye maodhiyori akazara uko varatidziri vanopa mhinduro dzekutaura pamberi pemazana evanhu.
Mukuedza kuri pachena kudzivirira kuratidzwa kweruzhinji, FERC yakasarudza chimiro chitsva chekunzwa kwayo Jordan Cove. Avo vakasaina kuti vape mhinduro vakadaidzwa mumwe nemumwe mukamuri yekunzwa "yakavanzika" kuti vape humbowo hwavo kumutori wenhau mumwechete wedare. Asi izvo hazvina kumisa vatsigiri kubva kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekukwevera pfungwa kune yavo.
"Pakunzwa kwega kwega, taiita mapato ekuvhara kunze uku FERC ichitora mhinduro," Rosenbluth akadaro. โPaiva nemimhanzi yakawanda uye unyanzvi. Takabva taita rally manheru kuti vanhu vauye vabva kubasa. Takatsunga kuita kuti manzwi edu anzwike.โ
Chimiro chekupedzisira cheNorthwest fossil mafuta kunze kwenyika?
Mapurojekiti anopfuura gumi nemaviri akakurudzira ekufambisa kunze kwenyika akasiiwa nevanotsigira makambani kana kurambwa nevanodzora muOregon neWashington mumakore gumi apfuura. Zvinenge pasina chimwe chezvivakwa zvikurusa chakaputsika. Mapurojekiti mashoma asara, kusanganisira gasi-ku-methanol chirimwa muKalama, Washington; kuwedzera kwemafuta-ne-njanji muPortland; purojekiti yakanyungudutswa yegasi yegasi yakakurudzirwa muTacoma muna 10; uye Jordan Cove LNG ine yakabatana Pacific Connector Pipeline. Yekupedzisira ndiyo yekare zvikuru yezvisungo zvasara izvi.
Pasinei nekuneta kubva muhondo yemakore gumi nehafu, kuvhota kukuru panguva ichangoburwa yeFERC uye Dhipatimendi reNyika Lands kunzwa kunoratidza kuti kurwisa kwepasi pemafuta emafuta kunze kwenyika muPacific Northwest kwakasimba sekare. Kana uye kana Jordan Cove yakundwa, nguva yacho inogona kuyeukwa sepoindi apo Thin Green Line yakarova imwe yekuedza kukuru kwekupedzisira kwakaitwa neindasitiri yemafuta efossil kushandisa Northwest senzvimbo yekutengesera kunze.
"Parizvino ichi ndicho chirevo chikuru cheLNG kuWest Coast yeUnited States," Rosenbluth akadaro. โKana isu vekuNorthwest tichida kumisa kutengeswa kwemafuta emafuta munharaunda dzedu, chirongwa ichi chinofanirwa kumiswawo. Bato iri riri kuvaka uye kana tikaramba tichiuya pamwe chete nekuwana zvatakatenderana, tinogona kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana mafuta anotengeswa kunze kwenyika pamhenderekedzo yedu. "
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