Kwakabva: Mumazuva Ano
Basa raGloria somushandi rakanga rakaoma zvakakwana denda risati rasvika.
โ"Takamanikidzwa kuchenesa uriri nemabvi edu. Zvakaita kuti ndinzwe ndanyadziswa,โ anodaro Gloria, a 36ane makore okukura wokuEcuador akatama akasvika makore matanhatu apfuura muNew York, kwaanoshanda sokuchenesa imba. (Gloria haana kunyorwa; MuNguva Ino ari kushandisa zita rekunyepedzera kudzivirira kuzivikanwa kwake.)"Zvido zvehupfumi zvandimanikidza kuita basa randakanga ndisingatarisiri kuwana pano. "
Gloria akazoramba kupfugama kuti achenese uriri, pasinei nokuti aitya kudzingwa basa uye kuti aisakwanisa mutauro. Zvino, denda rakaisa mumwe mutoro kune vashandi vepamba saiye. Vashandi vemudzimba nevamiriri vavo vanoti dambudziko reCovid rakonzera kuti mihoro idzikire uye kuti ishande, uye yasiya vashandi vatove munjodzi vachinyanya kushungurudzwa.
Denda iri rakakonzera kudzikira nekukurumidza mubhadharo waGloria. Sezvo basa rakanga rakanyanya kuipa kupfuura kare, akamanikidzwa kubvuma mari yakaderera. Mushure mekuwana $13 kana $14 paawa Covid isati yarova, Gloria anoti,"tinofanira kushanda zvino tichiwana muhoro muduku, nokuda kwe$10, $11, $12 paawa, kunyangwe basa redu rakaoma uye richionekwa serinokosha. "
Gloria anowanzo kushandira mhuri dzechiJudha dzeHasidic muBrooklyn, vamwe vacho vakaramba kupfeka zvekudzivirira pamberi pake, panguva yekutanga kwedenda. Iye pachake haana kugamuchira giya rekudzivirira.
Semushandi wezuva muNew York, Gloria haana mvumo yepamutemo yekushora kushungurudzwa. Haasi ega: kusiyana nevamwe vashandi avo, zvisinei nenzvimbo yekubvakacha, vanodzivirirwa nemitemo yemubatanidzwa neyenyika, ruzhinji rweAmerica. 2.5 miriyoni vashandi vemumba vakasiiwa pachena kunze kwedziviriro idzi.
โ"Vashandi vemudzimba vanogara munhaka yeuranda, uye nhaka iyi inoramba ichiumba chikamu ichi nhasi, "akadaro Allison Julien, co-director weNew York Chapter. Tinorota Mutema uye nhengo yekutanga ye Sangano reNational Domestic Workers Alliance (NDWA), muna Nyamavhuvhu 13 vhidhiyo-conference yekurangarira Black Women's Equal Pay Day.
โ"Vatungamiriri vehurumende vakaveza nemaune vashandi vemumba nevemapuraziโ kubva kumutemo chero upi zvawo waigona kuchengetedza kodzero dzavo, Julien akawedzera.
Vashandi vomumba vaiva kunze kubva kuNational Labor Relations Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act uye Fair Labor Standards Act nekuti maseneta ekuMaodzanyemba akaramba. kupa kudzivirira kwakaenzana kune vashandi vanogadzirwa zvikuru nevakadzi vatema. Nhaka iyoyo ichiri mhenyu uye yakanaka nhasi.
Vashandi vemudzimba vane kodzero yemubatanidzwa wepasi muhoro wemadhora7.25 awa, asi havana kodzero yekuumba mibatanidzwa uye havafukidzwe nemitemo yemubatanidzwa inorwisa kusarura. Vashandirwi havasungirwe kupa mamiriro ekushanda akachengeteka kana magiya ekudzivirira evashandi.
Nhare pfumbamwe uye guta reSeattle vane shanduro dze"bhiri rekodzero dzevashandi vemudzimba," kunyangwe mazhinji acho asina hurongwa hunogoneka, maererano kuPolaris, sangano risingabatsiri rinoshandisa runhare rwepasi rose rwekutengesa vanhu, rinoita tsvakurudzo uye rinokurudzira kuchinja kwemitemo.
New York ine mutemo wevashandi vemudzimba, asi vanhu vanoshanda zvishoma pane 40 maawa pasvondo haukwanisi kuwana zvibatsiro zvayo. Vashandi vemasikati vakadai saGloria, vanopinzwa zuva kana kuti neawa, vakafanana kunze kubva pakubatsira kwemutemo, sezvinoita vanhu vasina magwaro.
Vashandi vemudzimba vatema nevasina magwaro vakabatwa zvisina kufanira nekusabatanidzwa uku, zvichiwedzerwa nenjodzi yehutano iripo uye kudzikira kwehupfumi.
A ongororo yakaitwa muna Chivabvu naChikumi muMassachusetts, Miami-Dade County, uye New York neInstitute for Policy Studies uye NDWA yakaona kuti, mumashure medambudziko, 70% yeVatema vekune dzimwe nyika vashandi vekumba vakaongororwa vanga varasikirwa nemabasa (45%) kana kugamuchira maawa akaderedzwa uye kubhadhara (25%). Vashandi vatema vasina kunyoreswa vangangoita kaviri mukana wekugumiswa kupfuura vashandi vakanyorwa (64% zvichienzaniswa 35%).
Dambudziko revashandi vemumba rinogona kuonekwa mangwanani ega ega pakona muWilliamsburg, Brooklyn, uko vakawanda vavo vanoungana kuti vawane basa rezuva racho. ."I kamwe kanyaya kechokwadi chechokwadi chinotarisana nevakadzi vanotama munyika muno,โ anodaro Ligia Guallpa, mutevedzeri womukuru weWorkerโs Justice Project (WJP), sangano rakakura.
Denda risati rasvika, 40 to 50 vakadzi vashandi vaiuya mangwanani oga oga. Zvino, Guallpa anodaro, nhamba iyoyo yakwira kusvika pakati 70 uye 80. A."Unogona kufungidzira kuti vashandirwi vava nemukana wakakura. Vanoziva kuti kudiwa kukuru kwevashandi,โ anodaro. โKunze kwekukwikwidzana nebasa 80 vamwe vashandi, vakadzi ava vave kumanikidzwa kugamuchira chero chinopihwa nemushandirwi -$10 kana $8 paawa.โ
Kutengeswa kunokwira
Ruzhinji rwevashandi vemumba ndevanobva kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvinoita kuti vanyanya kushungurudzwa nekushandiswa kutengesa -apo vashandi vanomanikidzwa kuramba vari pabasa kuburikidza nekutyisidzira, chisimba kana dzimwe nzira dzekumanikidza, kana kuunzwa kune imwe nyika nenzira dzechitsotsi.
Andrea Rojas, director weStrategic Initiatives kuPolaris, anoti iyi inzira ye uranda hwemazuva ano. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya, anowedzera,"inotumira meseji ine ngozi yekuti sezvo vashandi ava vakabviswa padziviriro yakapihwa kune mamwe mapoka ebasa, ivo havana kukosha. "
Polaris yakanyoreswa 8,000 kutengeswa kwevashandi nyaya muU.S. kubva 2007 to 2017, nhamba hurusa yaibatanidza basa romumba. Denda iri rapindirana nekuwedzera kwekutumira kusangano.
Huwandu hwenyaya dzekutengesa (zvese kubva pabonde nekutengesa kwevashandi) dzakabatwa nePolaris hotline dzakawedzera ne kupfuurisa 40% mumwedzi mushure mekuvharwa muUS zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi wapfuura - kubva munenge 60 to 90.
New York state yakasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Iyo New York State Trafficking Victim Referral process kupatsanurwa177 mareferensi pakati paNdira naChikumi, a 70% kuwedzera panguva imwe chete 2019.
Vashandi vomumba kazhinji kazhinji vakasiiwa vachiita zvavanoda uye tsitsi dzevashandirwi.
โ"Tiri kutaura nezvevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vanowanzosaziva mutauro, vari vega uye vasina network yavo yekuchengetedza, โRojas anotsanangura. Panewo kusaenzana kwesimba, anowedzera kudaro, apo vashandi vanotambira mari shoma vanoshanda mudzimba dzevanhu vakapfuma.
Kunyange vashandi vanosvika muU.S. vaine mavhiza sevana nannies kana vaviri vaviri vanogashira gwaro"kuziva-kodzero dzakoโ bhurocha rinovaita kuti vazvidavirire kana vakava vanyajambwa vokubatwa chibharo, maererano kuPolaris.
Pasina dziviriro yemutemo, mapoka emasangano ehurumende nemasangano epasi rose akatanga hurongwa hwekuderedza kushandiswa kwevashandi vemudzimba. Polaris uye NDWAkukurudzira bumbiro remaitiro evashandirwi uye chirongwa chekudzidzisa chero ani zvake anopinza basa mushandi wepamba wekune imwe nyika kekutanga.
The WJP inopa vashandirwi mukana wekuhaya vashandi vemumba pasi pemamiriro akachengeteka kumapato maviri. Sekureva kwaGuallpa, mamiriro acho anosanganisira $20 paawa yakaderera muhoro uye chinodiwa icho vashandirwi vanopa vashandi vavo michina yekudzivirira.
Pasina zvirongwa izvi, uye nerupo rwevamwe vashandirwi, Gloria anoti haaizokwanisa kufamba nedambudziko riripo.
โ"Tinobhadhara mitero yedu asi takatadziswa rubatsiro rwese rwehurumende,โ vanodaro. ."Tinofanira kuramba tichiisa upenyu hwedu pangozi nokuda kwemari shoma zvikuru.โ
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta