New York: Grove Press, 1998, 270 pp, paperback, yechipiri edition
Ongororo naJohn H. Rodgers
Mukumuka kwedambudziko rimwe mushure meimwe muhurongwa hwezvemari hwenyika,
kune nzvimbo inokura yekuongororwazve kweakawanda ehupfumi nostrums
inokosheswa neiyo neoliberal kugadzwa. Kushanda kwe "mahara
musikaโ mukugovewa kwezvinhuโkunyanya mariโndiyo
haisisiri mbiru yakasimba iyo vanoronga zvehupfumi vanogona kusungirira mitemo yavo.
Mushure memakore ekuita kuti manzwi avo anyudzwe mune ruzha rwe capitalist
kukunda, vatsoropodzi vanogona kunzwika mumakakatanwa pamusoro pezvirongwa zveusterity,
kuwedzera kusaenzana, uye kudzikira kweupfumi munyika dzaimbori kusimukira.
Kupinda mukupokana kunouya kudzokororwa kwebhuku rekare pamusoro pekusakosha
nzara munyika ine kugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvakakwana. Nekutsemura
ngano dzinobata veruzhinji mumiasma yekushaya rubatsiro pamusoro pekurerutsa
nzara, vanyori vanotarisira kusimbisa "ushingi hwetsika" hwevanhu kuti vakudziridze
hurongwa hwakarurama uye hwakaenzana hwekugovera zviwanikwa zvakakosha se
chikafu. Ongororo yavo yakanyatsotsvakurudzwa ine zvakazarurwa zvinoshamisa
pamusoro pezvikonzero zvekuramba uye njodzi-yakabatana nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kubvira
chokwadi chinopesana neruzivo rwedu rwekuisa. Kunyange pakati yenzara
zvichikonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze, vanyori vanowana munyika nenyika
kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvekurima zvaitengeswa kunze panguva iyi
dambudziko. Kuziviswa kwezvinhu izvi zvinokatyamadza kunotimanikidza kuongorora
kuoma kwehurongwa hwehupfumi uye zvinorehwa neoliberal izvo
kusunungura misika nekutengeserana kwenyika ndiyo mhinduro kumatambudziko edu ese.
Zvidzidzo zvenzara dzemazuva ano naAmartya Sen, uyo gore rapfuura akahwina Mubairo weNobel
muEconomics, ratidza kuti โhazvina kuitika nokuda kwokushomeka
chezvokudya, asi nokuti kutaura kwevanhu kune zvokudya kunovhiringidzwa.โ Kuvhiringidza uku
zvinosanganisira kuderera kwemari, izvo zvinorambidza varimi kutenga mbeu uye
kuchengeta yakasara pakurarama kwako, uye kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu,
izvo zvinorambidza vasiri varimi kutenga chikafu. Nepo vanyori vachitsoropodza
hurongwa hwehupfumi, havadaidzi kubviswa kwemisika zvachose
asi nekuumba patsva misika nekutora chikamu kwevanhu mairi. Hurumende
mitemo yenyika dzichiri kusimukira, munyika dzakabudirira, uye pasi rose
masangano - kubva mukusimudzirwa kwebudiriro inotungamirwa kunze kwenyika uye kutengeserana kwakasununguka kusvika kune
Kupa rubatsiro kubva kune dzimwe nyikaโโkuratidza uye kukuchidzira masimba anokonzera zvisina basa
nzara.โ Gakava, zvisinei, rinofanira kunge riri rekuti ndiyani anobatsirwa nehurumende
zviito, kwete pamusoro pekubvisa chikamu chehurumende zvachose.
Vanyori vanopokana netsananguro dzakareruka dzenzara zvichienderana nekuwanda kwevanhu,
izvo zvisingatarisi kuderera kwemwero wekuwedzera kwevanhu uye kushaikwa kwe
kuwirirana pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu uye nzara. Urombo uye kusaenzana
vane mhosva yezvose zviri zviviri nzara uye kubereka kwakanyanya saka kuedza kwedu
zvinoda kutariswa zvakare panyaya dzehupfumi idzi. Kugadzirisa kuwandisa kwevanhu
pasina kushevedzera shanduko mune zvehupfumi hurongwa hazvingangoita kuderedza
kusakwana kwevanhu kwechikafu kana kudzosera kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Ivo vanopokana kushanda kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji voga uye vanotsigira diki
kurima kunoenderera mberi, kwavanoti kunoshandawo zvine pundutso
semaindasitiri ekurima matekiniki.
Vanyori vanoita nyaya yekuti hapana kutengeserana kwakasimba pakati pedu
chiyero chekurarama munyika dzakabudirira uye chinangwa chekupa zvakakwana
chikafu chehuwandu hwenyika. Nharo dzavo dzehupfumi dzaigona kuva nazvo
yakawedzerwa. John Maynard Keynes akapikisa kuti hupfumi hwehupfumi huri
kwete yakagadziriswa, asi inokura kana simba rekutenga remunhu wepakati
inomutswa. Kugoverazve zviwanikwa kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kweiyo
hupfumi sezvo kugadzirwa kwaizove kwakanangana nekuvandudzwa kweavhareji
munhu, panzvimbo peumbozha hunoda kune vane-kuita zvakanaka. Conservative economists
vanopikisa kuti mari inogona kuchinjwa, asi mari yekudyara inouya
kubva kwakasiyana-siyana kwete kubva kune vakapfuma chete. Chokwadi, kuvandudza
mamiriro evari pasi pepiramidhi yehupfumi haisi kutyisidzira
kune vari pakati, pamwe chete kune vari pamusoro. Chero nzira
ye "kukura hupfumi hwehupfumi" hunofanira kuderedzwa nemamiriro ekunze
zvinonetsa. Kutevera zvakataurwa naHerman Daly nevamwe kuwedzera
yehupfumi inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemhando yekuchinja, kwete
kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekuchinja. Chero zvazvingava, tinofanira kupikisa zero
sum game gakava rakaitwa nevanochengetedza hupfumi kuti kugovaniswazve
zvezviwanikwa nesimba zvichatideredza tose kukushaya.
Z
John H. Rodgers munzveri anogara muSan Francisco, California.
Zvinyorwa zvake zvakabuda mu San Francisco Muongorori, Mune Zuva,
uye Earth Island Journal.