Ndakapedza mavhiki e10 muVenezuela mukutanga kwe2012, mwedzi miviri neboka revadzidzi ve2 kubva kuEvergreen State College uyezve mavhiki e30 ndichienderera mberi nenzendo dzangu neshamwari yakanaka. Ndakava nechiitiko chevhiki gumi chakafanana mukutanga kwa2 uye ndakapedza mavhiki matatu ndiri kuVenezuela muna 2009. Nyaya ino inonyanya kutaura nezvekuchinja kweVenezuela kubva muna 2011. Nguva yangu yakawanda parwendo urwu ndakaipedzera kuCaracas, Mรฉrida, neBarquisimeto.
Mumakore mashomanana apfuura, 2009-2011, zvirongwa zvemagariro evanhu zvakaramba zvichikura zvishoma nezvishoma-kuwedzera kuwanika kwekusununguka uye hutano hwehutano hwehutano kuburikidza neBarrio Adentros uye makiriniki makuru, akazara ehutano, kuwedzera kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro uye mamwe mapurogiramu evanhu, akadai. sekudzidzira basa, imba yekubikira soup, uye kuvaka dzimba itsva dzinodhura. Izvi zvinoshamisa sezvo nyika yakabuda (GDP) yakadonha muna 2009 uye 2010 uye yakakura zvishoma nezvishoma kune mazhinji e2011 (data kubva kuCentral Bank yeVenezuela).
Popular Power
Huwandu hwemakanzuru emunharaunda hwakaramba huchikura uye kuve nzvimbo dzekutonga kwakakurumbira, kuzvitonga, uye hurukuro huru nekuita sarudzo nenhamba huru dzenhengo dzayo munhamba yakati wandei yenharaunda nenharaunda. Munharaunda zhinji, idzo dzinonyanya mota dzekugovera imwe bhajeti yehurumende. Munzvimbo shoma, nhengo dzemakanzuru akatiudza kuti panofanirwa kuve nedzidzo yakakurumbira uye nhaurirano yekutora chikamu kwedemokrasi uye chiono, pane kungova masangano ekuwana mari yezvirongwa zvemuno. Kubva pane zvandakaona uye nhaurirano yangu, kutora chikamu nesimba mumakanzuru emunharaunda kunowanikwa zvakanyanya kumaruwa pane kumadhorobha. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu, makanzuru ari kushanda anowanikwawo mumaruwa kupfuura nharaunda dzemudhorobha. Pakazara, kutora chikamu mukati memakanzuru emunharaunda hakuna kuwedzera uye kunogona kunge kwakadzikira kubva makore mashoma apfuura. Zvakadaro, sekushanya kwangu kwekutanga muna 2009, zvaikurudzira kuona vanhu vanobva kumakirasi ane mukurumbira, varume uye, kazhinji, vakadzi, vachibatanidzwa mukuzvitonga. Dzese padanho rekanzuru โ inova mhuri mazana maviri nemazana mana mumaguta, uye nenhamba shoma yemhuri kumaruwa โ uye nehunhu hwehurumende kumanisipala, nyika nenyika, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekuti vanhu vakuru nevakuru vakuru vari. vakatendeseka, vanokwanisa, uye vakazvipira kufambisira mberi kutora chikamu kubva kumidzi uye kururamisira mune zveupfumi nemagariro kana kunyanya kuzvida.
MaComunas (communes), ari mubatanidzwa wemakanzuru emunharaunda, akanga achangotanga muna 2009. Makomunas akura zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura zvandaitarisira uye ari kunyanya kumaruwa, semuenzaniso, Lara neBarquisimeto. Dzimwe nguva dzine basaโsemuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemukaka nembatyaโuko mihoro yakaenzana uye imwe mari inoenda kunharaunda yakakura.
Pakave nekuwedzera kwekumisikidzwa kwemabhizinesi akazvimirira muVenezuela uye kuumbwa kwemabhizinesi matsva ehurumende, semuenzaniso, chokoreti, asi kutonga kwevashandi kana kutonga pamwe pakati pevashandi nemanejimendi, kana pakati pevashandi nenyika, zvichiri mutsauko. Sangano rega rega rinotonga kugadzirwa nekugoverwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi-kunyangwe chikamu chayo cheGDP chiri kuderera.
Mutemo mutsva uye mukuru webasa wakaziviswa musi waMay Day 2012. Une zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka: kuchengetedzwa kwemagariro evanhu vose kusanganisira sangano risina kurongwa-madzimai epamba, vanozvishanda mabasa emaoko-uye mavhiki matatu anobhadharwa zororo kuvashandi vose. Yakasimba pakuenzaniswa kwemikana pakati pevanhurume nevanhukadzi uye inopokana nerusaruro rwevakadzi munzvimbo dzebasa, kunyange zvazvo nzira yekuinyora yaifanira kunge yakanyatsopindirana uye pane zvishoma mairi pamusoro pekutonga kwevashandi. Vashandi nevashandi vakakumbirwa kuti vataure nezvechikumbiro chepakutanga, asi kwete mukugadzirisa nekuchinja. Uku kwaive kushoropodzwa kwatakanzwa tiripo.
Hurumende uye PSUV
Takanzwa kutsoropodzwa kwakawanda kwehurumende dzemuno nehurumende, United Socialist Party yeVenezuela (PSUV) - inotungamirwa naHugo Chรกvez - uye huwori hwakazara - huwori, rusarura, kukoshesa vatengi, kushamwaridzana, kusagona, kusava nehanya, uye tepi tsvuku isina basa, nezvimwe. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya haaite kunge achinja kubva muna 2009 uye pamwe atonyanya kuipa. Ndinofunga kuti Chรกvez anonyatsoziva izvi, asi kutsoropodza kwake kwehuori kunotarirwa kune vanopikisa uye hazvina kukwana kune avo vatungamiri vePSUV vane simba uye vashumiri avo, mukuwedzera, havapfuuriri democracy uye kuenzana kwehupfumi. The judicial system inoshorwa pasi rose neruzhinji nekutadza kwayo kugadzirisa mhosva, huori, fufuro, nokushaiwa kururamisira.
Kubva kuvanhu vatakasangana navo-kunyanya mapoka aitsigira Hugo Chรกvez, asi vakanga vakazvimiririra-paiva nekutsoropodza kukuru kwehutungamiri hwePSUV, kunyange dai vaiva nhengo dzayo. Semuyenzaniso, muBarquisimeto, kune kufamba kunonakidza uye kwakakura kwekunyanya kutora ivhu-mumaguta uko kwakatora nzvimbo dzemadhorobha nedzimba dzisina vanhu kuitira kuzadzisa kudiwa kukuru kusingakwane kwedzimba dzakakwana uye dzinodhura. Meya weBarquisimeto, Amalia Saรฉz, nhengo yePSUV, akaraira kudzingwa nekudzvinyirirwa kwevagari vemamwe ekutora nyika. Asi, vazhinji vemhuri dzinotora nyika uye vatungamiriri vemapoka anobatanidzwa mukuronga mabasa aya vanoda Hugo Chรกvez uye vakanzwa kana aine simba rakawanda neruzivo rwezviri kuitika, vagari vemo vaizova nerutsigiro rwakawanda mune zveupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika uye vaizopiwa. zita renyika nezviwanikwa zvekuvaka nekuvandudza dzimba. Irwo rudo neruremekedzo ruzhinji rweVeVenezuela kubva kumakirasi ane mukurumbira ana Hugo Chรกvez ane simba kwazvo uye ari pachena. Rudo urwu uye kutenda muna Chรกvez kunopfuurira, kunyange zvazvo ichishandura zvishoma kudarika kare mukutsigira nekuremekedza vamwe vatungamiri vebato rake.
Iyo PSUV inonyanya bato rezvematongerwo enyika rakarongwa kuti rikunde sarudzo dzisina kutariswa zvakakwana mukufambisira mberi mafambiro emagariro uye simba rakakurumbira. Kune vanhu vakawanda vakatanhamara mairi vakazvipira zvapachokwadi kuvaka โSocialism ye21st Century.โ Iyo PSUV yakabatana nehuwandu hwevanhu vane mitemo yakaenzana kupfuura, semuenzaniso, Democratic Party muUnited States kana Socialist Party muFrance. Zvakadaro, hakuna dzidzo yakakwana yezvematongerwo enyika neyemukurumbira yenhengo dzayo, hurukuro isina kukwana yegwara, uye kuzvidavirira kushoma kwevatungamiriri vayo panheyo yavo. Iyo PSUV bato umo chikamu chakakosha chehutungamiriri hachigovane chiono chekutora chikamu chedemokrasi uye / kana kunyanya kunetseka nekufambira mberi kwavo. Kuchinja kukuru muPSUV kunodiwa.
Magadzirirwo muOngororo Yangu
Maonero angu pamusoro peVenezuela akachinja nenzira mbiri kubva muna 2009 apo maonero angu ndiwo ainyanya kukosha pakunzwisisa shanduko inoenderera mberi muVenezuela yaive dialectic pakati pekuchinja kubva kumusoro uye kubva pasi. Ndakanyora mu โVenezuela: Socialism for the 21st Century" kuti: "Mumakore gumi apfuura, shanduko yemagariro kubva kumusoro yakakonzera shanduko yemagariro kubva pasi iyo yakawedzera kufambisa hurumende yeChรกvez kuruboshwe iyo yakawedzera simba rakakurumbira padanho repasi. Chiri kufadza pamusoro peVenezuela inzira yekusimbisana apo hurumende inotungamirwa naChรกvez yakazvipira kuita zvinodiwa nevanhu uye inotsigira zviitiko nemakirasi ane mukurumbira. mukushandura nharaunda dzavo, hutongi hwenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzebasa. Izvi zvinokurudzira hurumende kuti ienderere mberi nekutsigira masimba ane mukurumbira. Iwo makirasi akakurumbira ari kuita zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo yavo, protagonists. Iyi nzira yakadzama kupfuura zvirongwa zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro zvinofambira mberi.
โKukanganisawo kungotarisa pakuvaka simba kubva pasi sezvinoitwa nevamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti nyika inogara ichitsigira boka revakuru vakuru kana kuti inodzvanyirira masikirwo.โฆ Chinofadzawo uye chinofadza uye chinotarisira hurongwa uhu hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma apo Mutungamiri Chรกvez vanotsigira. simba revanhu asi haaridzore. Iri simba riri kukura kubva pazasi rinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuti atange mamwe marongero akatarisana nesocialist uye shanduko yemaitiro kuti aenderere mberi kupikisa simba neropafadzo dzemari, semuenzaniso, kutora ivhu kubva kune vakapfuma varidzi veminda uko purazi rinozoitwa rinoitwa seboka kana kushandira pamwe nevagari venyika.โ
Uku kushanduka kwekuchinja kubva kumusoro uye pazasi kusimbisana kunotsanangura maitiro mune dzimwe nzvimbo, semuenzaniso, Carora nedunhu rakatenderedza, Torres, mudunhu reLara. Pano, hurumende inotungamirirwa nePSUV uye PSUV, inotungamirirwa nemumiririri wayo muNational Assembly, Julio Chรกvez, iri kutamba basa rinokosha zvikuru uye rakanaka mukufambisa simba rakakurumbira. Kwave nekuwedzera kukuru kwemakanzuru emunharaunda uye makomunas ari kudzora kugoverwa kwehuwandu hwebhajeti redunhu. Kune zvakare kukura kwevashandi kuzvitonga uye varidzi veveruzhinji vekugadzirwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi.
Kusarudzwa zvakare kwaHugo Chรกvez semutungamiri wenyika muna Gumiguru 2012 kwakakosha uye kwakakosha kwazvo kuvanhu veVenezuela. Nekudaro, kupfuura munzendo dzangu dzekutanga kuVenezuela, ini zvino ndaona chinangwa chikuru uye tariro yeshanduko yerusununguko kubva pazasi uye nekukura kwakabatana kwemamwe uye anopikisa masangano munzvimbo dzese-kubasa, hupfumi, nharaunda, nharaunda, zvematongerwo enyika. , vakadzi, dzidzo, hutano, nhepfenyuro, uye tsika. Hurumende inobatsira zvikuru pakuchinja kweshanduko iyi nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwevanhu uye zvirongwa zvemagariro evanhu, nekuita nyika, nekuvaka uye kupa mari dzimwe dzidzo nehutano hwehutano, uye nekudzivirira kupikisa asi haisi iyo inonyanya kubatsira mukushandurwa kwevanhu veVenezuela. Mune mamwe mazwi, ini ndave kuona nyika semugonesi weshanduko irikuenderera mberi, asi kwete mutambi mukuru uye mumiririri.
Pane tariro pakati peVeVenezuela vandakataura navo kuti kana Chรกvez akasarudzwazve, achanyanya kutsoropodza huwori uye zvematongerwo enyika zvevamwe vehutungamiri hwePSUV, asi kusvika zvino pane humbowo hushoma hweizvi. Ndinofanira kugumisa kuti tsika nemaonero aChรกvez haapikisane zvachose nevatengi uye nepamusoro-pasi zvematongerwo enyika ezvizhinji zvePSUV nehurumende dzavanotonga pamatanho akasiyana-siyana. Kunyangwe ini ndichiramba ndichitenda kuti Chรกvez akazvipira kune yakaenzana uye inobatanidzwa uye yesocialist Venezuela, isu hatigone kumuparadzanisa zvachose kubva kune zviito zvePSUV nehutungamiriri hwayo.
Sarudzo dza2012
Ndine chokwadi chekuti Chรกvez achasarudzwa patsva sezvo achiramba achizivikanwa zvikuru, uye zvakafanira kudaro, nehuwandu hukuru hweVeVenezuela kubva kumakirasi ane mukurumbira, ayo anosanganisira 80 muzana yehuwandu. Mutungamiri Chรกvez vakabata nehosha mbiri dzegomarara mugore rapfuura, asi vanoramba vari mutungamiri anoshanda uye ane chekuita. Kana, panguva yenguva yake inotevera muhofisi, Chรกvez haakwanisi kuenderera mberi semutungamiri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano, haparatidziki kune mumwe munhu ane zvose zviratidzo zveChรกvez uye kutsigirwa kwakasimba kwevanhu.
Ndakaona zvichiburitsa pachena kuti mumiriri anopikisa semutungamiri wenyika, Henrique Capriles Radonski, arikumhanya papuratifomu inotsigira zvirongwa zvemagariro, asi nekutaura kuti anozvifambisa zvirinani uye pasina maCuba vanove vazhinji vevashandi vekurapa. iyo Barrio Adentros (makiriniki ehutano munharaunda) uye nzvimbo dzehutano dzenharaunda. Zvechokwadi, bapiro rekurudyi rinotsigira Capriles.
Kune mubatanidzwa wemafambisirwo emagariro, mapoka enharaunda, PSUV, neBato reCommunist rekuVenezuela rinonzi Gran Polo Patriotico (Great Patriotic Pole, GPP) riri kushanda pakusarudzwa patsva kwaChรกvez. Pane tarisiro yekuti mubatanidzwa uyu ucharamba wapfuura musarudzo dza2012 uye haungove mota yesarudzo, asi izvi handizvo zvingangoitika. Chinonyanyova netarisiro yeramangwana ndechokuti kune vanhu vakawanda nemapoka ari kuronga muVenezuela vanopikisa capitalist vane kutenda uye tsika mudzidzo yakakurumbira, kuvaka masangano akadzika-midzi, uye simba rakakurumbira. Imwe saiti yakakosha yeiyi inharaunda midhiya, iri kukura muhuwandu nevateereri.
The Ehupfumi
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) muVenezuela yave ichikura zvakare, kunyange zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura kubva ku2003 kusvika ku2008 (data kubva kuCentral Bank yeVenezuela, www.bcv.org.ve).
Pakave nekuvandudzwa kushoma kana kusavepo, asi hapana kuderera kwezviratidzo zvikuru zvemagariro - makore ehupenyu, kufa kwevacheche, hurombo, kuwana hutsanana uye mvura yakachena - kubva 2009 kusvika 2011 (www.ine.gob.ve). Matanho ekuenzana kwemari, ayo akavandudzawo zvakanyanya kubva muna 2003 kusvika muna 2008, haana kumbovandudzika kubvira. Mukati mokuderera kwoupfumi kuchangobva kupfuura, muhoro chaiwoiwo (simba rokutenga remihoro) wakaderera nezvikamu zvishoma muzana pagore, kunyange zvazvo muhoro wenzanga wakaramba uchikura. Muhoro chaiwo wakatangawo kukura zvakare muna 2012. Muhoro wepasi uri kuwedzerwa nezvikamu makumi matatu nezviviri kubva muzana gore rino.
Kubva pane zvandakaverenga nekuona, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuri kukura zvakare, asi kunoratidzika kunge kuri kunyanya mukuvaka veruzhinji uye ane hukama nemaindasitiri ehurumende. Zvakaoma kukurudzira kugadzirwa muVenezuela sezvo mari ichiri kuwanda sezvo mitengo iri kuramba ichikura panenge pa25 kusvika 30 muzana pagore โ kunyangwe iri shoma kusvika zvino gore rino. Kudzora mitengo kuri kuwedzera kushandiswa. Chiyero chepamutemo chemari iyi 4.3 bolivars kudhora, asi isu taigara tichipihwa 8 bolivars. Uchishandisa chiyero chepamutemo che4.3 bolivars kudhora, mitengo yezvinhu zvakawanda uye masevhisi yakakwirira kwazvo. Kuedza kusiyanisa kugadzirwa uye kusatsamira zvishoma paoiri hakusati kwabudirira zvikuru uye kugadzirwa kwezvokudya hakusi kukura zvakakwana kuderedza 70 muzana inotengwa kunze kwenyika. Asi, Venezuela yave pedyo zvikuru nekuwana chengeteko yezvokudya, kodzero yokuti munhu wose ave nezvokudya zvakakwana. Asi kugadzirwa kwechikafu chizhinji chemunhu munharaunda uye munyika, zvakare chinangwa, kune nzira refu yekuenda kuti iwane hutongi hwezvekudya.
Hupfumi hwesocialist muVenezuela hwaizoda kuenderera mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika uye hupfumi hwenyika uchibhadhara chikamu chakazvimiririra. Nezvehupfumi hwemagariro ndinoreva macooperatives nemafemu anofambiswa pamwe chete uye ndeayo evashandi uye nyika uye kugadzirwa kwakarongwa nemakomisheni makanzuru uye comunas. Chikamu chehurumende uye hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu huchabatana kuti huve chikamu chimwe chete apo kune kuzvitonga nevashandi, kuwedzera kuenzana kwemari, uye maonero ekurarama mukuwirirana nenharaunda. Chinangwa chekugadzira chingave chekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu kwete kuwedzera mihoro kana purofiti. Paizove nemisiyano mishoma mumari inotambirwa uye dzimwe nzira dzekutengesa mitengo yakatemwa nemihoro. Chikamu chakabatanidzwa ichi chaizopedzisira chakura kuita hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika hweVenezuela. Nehurombo, hapasati pave nekufambira mberi kwakawanda munzira iyi mumakore matatu apfuura.
Democracy uye Kodzero dzevanhu
Panyaya yenyaya yakajairika yedemocracy muVenezuela, iyo US uye yekurudyi-bapiro mhosva yekuti Venezuela idzvinyiriri inoseka uye nehunyengeri. Takaona kuratidzira uye kuratidzira vachipokana nemitemo yehurumende uye vachipokana nevatungamiriri venzvimbo kana venyika, anenge mazuva ese ataivepo. Vamwe vakadanwa kubva kuruboshwe, vamwe kurudyi; vamwe vange vasingazivikanwe nepfungwa, asi vange vachiratidzira nenzira dzakasiyana siyana sekuramwa nenzara kana kudzika misasa pedyo nezvivakwa zvehurumende nezvikonzero zvakaita sekusapihwa mihoro yavo sevashandi vehurumende kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kudarika. Kazhinji kazhinji, pakanga pane kudzvinyirirwa kuduku kana kuti kusavapo kwokuratidzira uku. Kunoramba kuine vezvenhau vakazvimirira vanopikisa vari kubudiriraโterevhizheni, mapepanhau, neredhiyo vachinetswa pano neapo, asi zvisingawanzoitiki. Kune makanzuru ari muhurumende anopikisa zvikuru uye anowana mari dzehurumende; kune vamwe uko mari inotevera kuvimbika. Zvakaoma kutaura pamusoro peVenezuela.
Chiratidzo chimwe chinonetsa zvishoma-izwi, "escualido" rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura makore matatu apfuura kune avo vanoshora Chรกvez nePSUV. Escualido zvinoreva squalid uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kushora vatsoropodzi vakatendeseka. Nekudaro, Venezuela haina manzwiro ehudzvanyiriri. Kazhinji kazhinji, vanhu havatyi kutsoropodza Chรกvez, PSUV, kana kuti gadziriro yezvemari neyezvamatongerwe enyika.
Mhosva dzechisimba dzinoramba dziri dambudziko rakakura uye mapurisa nehurongwa hwekutonga husina kushanda zvakanaka hunoparira. Imwe fungidziro yehurumende yemhaka dzechisimba dzinoparwa nemapurisa ndeyokuti i20 muzana yemhosva dzose dzechisimba, kunyange zvazvo mamwe mapoka enzanga achifungidzira chikamu chikuru zvikuru. Imhondi shoma kana dzimwe mhosva dzakakomba dzinogadziriswa. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti hurumende inotungamirwa naChรกvez yave kuona kuti kuparwa kwemhosva uye kusachengeteka matambudziko akakomba anodzikisira kutora chikamu kweveruzhinji uye kutsigirwa uye anofanirwa kuve pamberi. Takashanyira yunivhesiti itsva yemapurisa yenyika (UNES) ine nhamba yakakosha yevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu sevadzidzisi nevatungamiriri vakazvipira kune yakakurumbira dzidzo pedagogy. Izvi zvine tariro.
Hazvina kujeka kuti sei urombo hwakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore mapfumbamwe apfuura, ukuwo mhirizhonga yakawedzera. Kuchine mamiriyoni evechidiki vechirume vanoshorwa. Ndivo vanoumba vazhinji vevakabatwa uyezve vazhinji vevapari vemhosva. Mune mamwe mabhari umo mune huwandu hwepamusoro hwesimba rakakurumbira uye kutora chikamu uye masangano akasimba enharaunda ane zviitiko zvevechidiki, mhosva dzechisimba dzakaderera. Munharaunda zhinji dzomumaguta izvi zviri kushaikwa. Pane kuzvipira kuri kuwedzera kuderedza nhamba yepfuti muVenezuela, asi dziri kwese kwese. Zvakakosha kuti hutsotsi hwechisimba hudzikire zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma anotevera kuti simba rine mukurumbira rikure uye kuti hurumende irambe iine mvumo nerutsigiro.
Pasi rose, Chรกvez nehurumende yeVenezuela-uye chikamu chenhau chiri pro-Chรกvez-vakataura zvakanyanya vachipokana nekupindira kweUS/NATO muLibya uye nekupindira kwakavanzika nekutyisidzira Syria neIran. Izvi zvinorumbidzwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi dzimwe nguva zvakatungamirira kukutsigira nemashoko kuna Kaddafi, Assad, uye vatongi muIran. Izvi zvinonetsa, asi kusimbisa kweVeVenezuela kwave uye kunoramba kuri padanho rakasimba rekurwisa-kupindira. Dambudziko reVenezuela kuhutongi hwepasirese hweUS muLatin America nekumhiri rinoenderera mberi. Semuenzaniso, muna Zvita, 2011, Venezuela yakaitisa kuumbwa kweCELAC, Nharaunda yeLatin America neCaribbean States. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuve bloc yedunhu inosimudzira kushandira pamwe uye nekushingairira kupikisa hutongi hweUS mudunhu. Kusiyana neSangano reAmerican States (OAS), CELAC haisanganisire United States neCanada.
Tariro uye Tarisiro
Hugo Chรกvez uye kuvakwa muVenezuela kweSocialism kwe21st Century inofanirwa nerutsigiro rwakakomba. Kune mamwe matambudziko chaiwo nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzemunhu, asi kushoropodzwa nemasangano mazhinji ekodzero dzevanhu kwakakasharara uye nehunyengeri, sezvo mwero wakaomarara unowanzo shandiswa kuVenezuela pane dzimwe nzvimbo, semuenzaniso, Honduras. Saka nepo kufambira mberi kushoma kuenda kudemokrasi yekutora chikamu uye gutsaruzhinji kubva kushanya kwangu kwa2009 kuchinetsa, Venezuela haina kudzokera kumashure. Zvaikurudzira kuona vanhu vazhinji vekuVenezuela vane hupenyu hwakavandudzika zvakanyanya mumakore gumi nematatu apfuura uye vanotenda kuti hupenyu hwevana vavo nenharaunda hucharamba huri nani munzira huru.
Pane zvikonzero zvakasimba zveiyi tariro netariro pamusoro penguva yemberi muVenezuela. Ndinoyeuka ndichimira muQuibor mudunhu reLara musi waKurume 11, 2012 apo kanzuru yeruzhinji yakanga ichangopedza sarudzo yayo ndokutanga kuverenga mavhoti. Ndaive neboka revadzidzi kubva kuchirongwa cheEvergreen State College chandakanga ndichidzidzisa pamwe chete, icho chaipedzisa mwedzi miviri yekudzidza nekufamba muVenezuela. Vagari vashoma vakanga vachangobva kuvhota vakandidhonzera parutivi. Madzimai aya akandiudza kuti pamberi pa1998 nesarudzo yaChรกvez, hupenyu hwavo hwakanga husina kukosha zvachose kuvanhu vaitonga Venezuela, mune zveupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, kana nharaunda yavo yekumaruwa uye kuti Venezuela yanga isingakoshi mumeso enyika. Vagari veQuibor ava vakati ivo zvino vaive nezwi muVenezuela, kuti hupenyu hwavo hwave nani uye hwachinja zvakanyanya, uye kuti vaikoshesa hurumende inokoshesa varombo uye vekumaruwa. Vaidada kuti Venezuela yakanga iri muenzaniso uye kuedza kwaifarirwa nevanhu pasi rose. Vainzwa kuti vakanga vasisiri vagari vekirasi yechipiri uye kuti Venezuela yakanga isisiri mugari wepasi rechipiri. Zvakavaita kuti vanzwe vachikosheswa, vanodada, uye zvakakosha kuti kirasi kubva kuEvergreen State College yakanga yauya kuQuibor kuzoshanya nekuona shanduko huru idzi. Venezuela inzvimbo ine tariro uye vanhu vayo vanokurudzira zvikuru.
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Peter Bohmer anga achipikisa zviito zvehumambo zve nyika dzakabatana kubva kuma1960. Iye inhengo yefaculty pa miti yakasvibira mamiriro College in Olympia, Washington.