Makiromita makumi mashanu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSalt Lake
Guta, mumoyo weTooele (inonzi zvakare-ELL-ah) County,
iyo Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF) ine
yakatanga kupisa 42 muzana yekemikari yenyika
stockpile. Iri pamaeka makumi maviri nenomwe egwenga rakashata, iyo $27
miriyoni yezvivakwa dzimba dzinenge 15,000 matani epasi
zvombo zvinouraya zvemakemikari-kusanganisira nerve agents GB
uye VX, blister agents, uye arsenal yemabhomba, migodhi,
kutenderera kwedhaka, uye maroketi. Parizvino, TOCDF yakaparadza mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nenhatu
matani midziyo yeGB uye 11,592 maroketi ane 506,749
mapaundi enerve agent. Donhwe rimwe chete remumiririri rinogona kuuraya a
munhu; maererano nemamwe fungidziro, kudonha kukuru mu
mhepo ingauraya munhu mumwe mugumi mukati memakiromita makumi mana
radius.Iyo Wellesley, MA-yakavakirwa kudzivirira
kondirakiti, EG&G Defence Materials, Inc., yakapihwa basa na
Mauto kuti atarisire kushanda pachirimwa, yekutanga yayo
mhando mukondinendi US Kana zvese zvichienda maererano nehurongwa,
zvombo zvinouraya zvichapiswa ne2004. Kubva pazviri
yakaenda pa-line muna Nyamavhuvhu 1996, zvisinei, TOCDF yakatambudzwa
nematambudziko.Kuvhara kunomwe kwakaitika mukati
mwedzi misere yekupedzisira, sezviri pachena nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka
midziyo, kutsemuka kongiri uye sefa inobuda. Muviri
zvakasiyana zviitiko, nerve agent yakawanikwa munzvimbo dziripo
inofanirwa kunge "yakachena" kana kuti isina mumiririri. Mauto
inosimbirira kuti hapana kuvuza kwakaitika, kungave mukati mechirimwa
kana mumhoteredzo. Kunyangwe Mauto uye EG&G vakuru
bvisa matambudziko sechinyakare, matambudziko akadaro haana
nzvimbo yacho-kana, kuwedzera, iyo
zveruzhinji-chete kunetseka.Vaviri vaimbova vashandi ve
EG&G-ex-safety maneja Steven W. Jones uye aimbove
maneja mukuru Gary M. Millar- akava
vanoridza muridzo, vachipomera pachena njodzi dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza
mukati menzvimbo. Jones, makumi mana nematanhatu, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimbiswa
nyanzvi ine anopfuura makore makumi maviri ruzivo mukati uye
kunze kwechiuto, akapinzwa basa muna June 1994. Basa rake raiva roku
tarisa shanduko yechirimwa kubva pakuvaka kuenda
kushanda. Mwedzi mitatu gare gare, Jones akadzingwa-nekuti,
anoti, akasimudza nyaya dzekuchengetedza hapana aida kukurukura."Pandakasvika paplant, ini
inotarisirwa kuiwana iri mu-tip-top condition," akadaro Jones,
uyo zvino ane chitoro chemidziyo muUtah County. "Asi ini
akaita ongororo yemukati uye akawana chaizvo zviuru zve
kuperevedza. Nzvimbo yacho ingadai yakakundikana zvachose
kuongorora, maoko-pasi."Jones anoti akazokumbirwa
saina pane imwe yakazvimirira odhiyo yakacherekedza pamusoro pe2,000
dhizaini kukanganisa. Zvinopfuura zana zvematambudziko iwayo, anodaro Jones,
akaiswa mumapoka se "ari pedyo uye njodzi."
Paakaramba kubvumidza mushumo, Jones akadzingwa basa na
EG&G, akataura misiyano muuzivi hwekutarisira se
chikonzero chekuguma.โZvizhinji zvezvaaipomerwa zvaiva
zvakaramba," akadaro Skip Hayes, mutauriri wepasaiti
EG&G. โPane ongororo dzakawanda dzakaitwa
kunze nemakondirakiti akazvimirira- vakawana yaJones
nyaya dzanga dzisiri serious."Asi Jones achiri-akamirira
kuridza muridzo, yakamhanโarwa kuUnited States Department of
Basa, rinogona kuva nerutsigiro. Gary M. Millar, ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri
mushandi weEG&G, aive maneja mukuru weTOCDF kubva
June 1995 kusvika October 1996. Panguva iyoyo, Millar aiva
vakadzingwa. Vhiki shomanana gare gare, akanyora tsamba ine mapeji 12 kuna
Fred Parks, mutungamiri weEG&G achangobva kusiya chigaro uye
mukuru anoshanda.Memo yaMillar inopokana nazvo
"Yazvino EG&G manejimendi maitiro akafanana neayo
manejimendi makuru paThree Mile Island pamberi penyukireya yavo
chiitiko kana NASA isati yaitika tsaona yeChallenger."
Vachitaura kuti "tsika yekuchengeteka yakanga yakakomba
kushaya" pachirimwa, Millar akapedzisa, "The TOCDF
chivako hachigone kushandiswa zvakachengeteka kwenguva refu
EG&G ine iripo manejimendi ruzivo rwevashandi uye
'pfungwa.' Kana nyaya idzi dzikasara dzisina kugadziriswa,
imwe TMI kana Challenger mhando yetsaona paTOCDF inogona
kuitika."Pakutanga gore rino Millar, aive
achiri pa payroll paakanyora tsamba, akagadzirisa zvake
zvichemo neEG&G zvemashoko asina kutaurwa. Vanopikisa
kurudzira chibvumirano chekusataura chingave chikamu chechibvumirano che
Millar, anga asati ataura nevatori venhau. Millar's
Gweta, Roger Hoole, anoramba mhosva."Mutengi wangu acharamba ari a
pupura uye ramba uchitaura chokwadi,โ akadaro Hoole.
"Chimiro chake ndechekuti chirimwa ichi chasangana nechengetedzo shoma
zvinodiwa uye akachengeteka kuti ashande-asi haapo
kubvumirana kwakazara neshoko dzimwe nguva rinoendeswa ne
Defence contractor."Bob Lockwood, mutauriri we
Utah's Senator Orrin Hatch (R), anodaro Millar's
zvirevo zviri kutorwa zvakakomba-uye zvinogona kutungamirira kune
zvinozoitika kune ex-general manager. "Millar wacho
zvichemo zvichaongororwa," Lockwood akadaro kubva kwaari
Washington, DC hofisi. โNyaya dzekuridza muridzo zvakanaka
uye yakaipa-munyaya iyi, ndeyekupedzisira. Kana zvake
zvichemo zvinoonekwa zvichitsigirwa, tinoda kutaridzika
akapomerwa mhosva yekutadza kuburitsa pachena matambudziko ari mu
nzvimbo yekutanga.""Zvinoratidzika kunge zvakanyanya mukati
vogue nevanhu vane matambudziko neEG&G kutaura
pane matambudziko ekuchengetedza," akadaro mutauriri waHayes.Asi kunze vatsoropodzi kemikari
kurasira nzvimbo inoramba isina chokwadi. "Handisi kunzwa
kunge tiri kuudzwa chokwadi,โ akadaro Lisa
Puchner, munyori wemifananidzo uye amai vevana vasere vanogara muMunyu
Lake City. Puchner akaronga vanopikisa 125-nhengo
boka, Mhuri Dzinopesana Nengozi Yekupisa (FAIR), iyo huru
kunetseka utano hwevana vavo. "Mukuru wedu
kutya ndiyo cheni yechikafu, "akadaro Puchner, makumi mana nemasere, wekuUtah
native. โTinotya kuti mumiriri wepasi-pasi angave
internalized uye kukanganisa vana vedu 'immune uye
hurongwa hwekubereka."Nhengo dzeFAIR hadzisi dzoga mukati
zvinovanetsa. Muna Kurume, iyo Chemical Weapons Working Group
(CWWG), Sierra Club, uye Vietnam Veterans of America
Foundation yakaburitsa yavo yechipiri mutongo mudare remubatanidzwa. A
preliminary injunction yakarambwa muna May apfuura. Mapoka
aida kuti Mauto amise kupisa paTooele apo
hurumende inotsvaga dzimwe nzira pane kupisa.Clinton akapa mamiriyoni makumi mana emadhora
ongorora aya "alternative technologies." The
March injunction yakarambwawo. "Muna 1982,
kupisa yaive nzira yaifarirwa yehunyanzvi, "akadaro
Mutauriri weCWWG, Craig Williams. โPakanga pasina kuchengeteka
uye hazvina kuchengetedzeka iye zvino. Kune nzira dzekuparadza makemikari
zvombo zvisingabudisi tsvina ine chepfu mumhepo."Williams aitaura nezve
kwete-kupisa tekinoroji inozivikanwa sea
"yakavharwa-loop" maitiro, umo kuparadzwa kwe
makemikari anoitika zvachose mukati mehurongwa huripo. Williams
akataura kuti kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu "akagumbuka", kubuda
yaisazoburitswa mumhepo. KuTOCDF,
incinerated matter inopfuura nepakati akati wandei kabhoni sefa
isati yaburitswa kubva mumatanda kuenda kunharaunda.
Maererano nevakuru panzvimbo iyi, imwe nzira
matekinoroji, nepo akakosha mune iwo ega, haagone
zadzisa chirongwa chiripo."Alternative technologies a
zvinhu zveramangwana, kwete zvazvino,โ akadaro
EG&G's Hayes. "Vanogona kushandiswa zvakananga
nzvimbo dzisina zvinoputika kana dzine mhando imwe chete ye
mumiririri. Munzvimbo iyi, pane zvombo zvakasanganiswa. The
neutralization maitiro haana kukwanisa kuparadza makemikari
zvachose, saka paizova nemumiririri asara. Iko hakuna panacea
Kunze Uko."Vazhinji veTOCDF
vanopikisa vanoti vanotsigira kuparadzwa kwematura.
Asi vanochengetedza dambudziko renzvimbo iyi rakadzika midzi
mafungiro okuregeredza pamusoro pekuchengeteka. Vanonongedzera kuEG&G's
"mutengo-pamwe" chibvumirano neHondo, umo iyo
kontrakta inogamuchira mari yekukurudzira kuti irambe iripo kana kumberi
yehurongwa. Kunyangwe achibvuma kuti kunonoka muhurongwa
zvaizoguma nekubviswa kwemari kune kambani,
EG&G's Hayes yakaramba chibvumirano chinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka.
"Kondirakiti yakataura zvisina tsarukano kuti kuchengeteka ndiko
iyo yekutanga-yekutanga," akadaro Hayes. "Isu tinoita yedu
purofiti inobva pakukwanisa kwedu kusangana nezvimwe
zvinodiwa."Dennis Downs ndiye mutungamiriri we
Utah Divisheni Yemarara Yakasimba uye Ine Ngozi. Vakadaro nyika
inogutsikana nekushanda kwenzvimbo. "Isu
tive nesangano redu rakazvimiririra, rinodzora rekutarisa kunze
ikoko dzinenge nguva dzose. Kudai taiva nezvinotinetsa, taisazodaro
ramba uchiibvumira kuti ishande. Kusvikira pane zvakananga
humbowo hwekuti huchabatsira mukutyisidzira kwehutano hwakananga,
tine chivimbo chekuti chirimwa ichi chiri kushanda zvisina njodzi."Kuita kweTOCDF kunogona kunge kuri kwe
kunyanya kufarira kuHondo nokuti kubudirira kwayo kunozorora
remangwana rezvimwe zvivako zvinopiswa zvinopiswa.
Alabama, Oregon, uye Alaska ndiyo inotevera inogona kuitika nzvimbo.
Sekureva kwaWilliams, ndivo chikonzero Hondo yakadaro
kunetsekana kuti TOCDF inoita seyakachengeteka. "Tooele ari
kuongororwa nekuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuparadza dzakatemerwa
kuti uyu anoshanda sei," akadaro Williams. "Kana Tooele
vakakundikana, havangavaki imwe kumwe. Isu tiri mbira
nguruve.Hazvina kudaro, vanodaro vamwe vagari veku
Tooele, vanoita sevasinganetseki nekugona kwavo kuve nengozi
muvakidzani. Tooele chizvarwa Teresa Jones, makumi matatu nemasere, akashanda kwemakore mana
pachirimwa panguva yekuvakwa kwayo. Kunyangwe akawana
yakaradzikwa payakatanga kushanda, Jones anofunga zvakanyanya nezve
nzvimbo. โChimwe chinhu chandinoziva semushandi wehurumende ndechekuti
kuti kuchengeteka ndiyo nhamba yekutanga," akadaro Jones. "Ndinofunga
kunetseka kwekuchengeteka kuri kushandiswa, kuwedzeredzwa-isu
ungadai wakaona shanduko huru kana paine chakaipa.
Isu hatisi kuratidzwa kune chero chinhu kubva kune
chirimwa."Manzwiro akadaro haashamisi
kubva kuvagari vetaundi iri riri kukura nokukurumidza revanoda kusvika 36,000 XNUMX.
Akavhota rimwe remataundi makumi mashanu eUnited States na mari
magazini mu1996, Tooele anotarisirwa kuve ne
nhamba yevanhu vanopfuura 50,000 2000 panosvika gore raXNUMX
nharaunda kuramba panguva imwe chete uye kuvimba nazvo
iyo hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakajeka: mabhampa stickers flout the
hurumende ine masirogani akaita sekuti "Sarudzaizve Hapana"; pa
kupera kwegore rapfuura, nharaunda yakasarudza mumiriri
Tooele County Commissioner anotsigira kuunza kemikari
zvombo kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuparadza pano."Tooele inharaunda iyo,
kare, inobatanidzwa mune zvehupfumi nehondo
maoparesheni," akadaro Williams. "Pane musiyano
pakati pezvinotaurwa nevanhu pachena nezvavanonyatso
inzwa."Sezvo TOCDF ichiramba ichipisa
stockpile, vanhu vakaita seFAIR's Puchner vacharamba vachidaro
kurwisa izvo iye zvino zviri kutyisidzira kusingaoneki.
"Ndiri mubereki ane hanya anoda vana vake
ukura uine hutano," akadaro Puchner. "Handidi
Silkwood kuti zviitike pano."