In achipindura kurwiswa kwebhuku rake mu Washington Post, Antonia Juhasz akatsanangura, kuti: โVavariro yangu mukunyora Hudzvinyiriri hweMafuta yaive yekupa ongororo yanga isipo zvakanyanya mumabhuku eUS kubva pakadhindwa bhuku rekare raAnthony Sampson muna 1975, Sista Vanomwe: kutsoropodza kwakadzama uye kwakadzama kwakadzama uye kwakakomba mamiriro azvino eindasitiri yeoiri yeUS iyo inosimudzawo mazwi eavo vasingawanzo kunzwika pamapurogiramu enhau ehusiku, kushambadzira kweterevhizheni, uye mumabhuku."
Juhasz akabudirira muchinangwa ichocho uye akazobudirira. Hudzvinyiriri hweMafuta iratidziro yakanyorwa zvakasimba yekusimuka kweBig Oil, kubva kwayakatangira muzana remakore rechi19 kubata kwesimba kwaJohn D. Rockefeller nevamwe vake kusvika pakusimuka kwepetroleum mega-corporations. Sezviri pachena, nyika yemakongiresi eoiri yagara iine utsinye. Chitsauko chekutanga chinotora Rockefeller achiti, "Nzira yekuita mari ndeyekutenga kana ropa richimhanya mumigwagwa." Asi Juhasz anoratidza kuti hutongi hweBush, hwakazara kumagill neveti veindasitiri yemafuta, vakatora iyo hombe yemafuta / mauto maindasitiri ekubatanidza kune imwe nhanho. Anotora mazwi Kevin Phillips, anotsanangura Bush "petroli-imperialism" kufambisa "shanduko yemauto eUS kuita uto repasi rose rekudzivirira mafuta."
Iri bhuku rinotanga nechikamu pamusoro pekupayona mutori wenhau anoferefeta Ida Tarbell uye yake yekutanga 20th yezana crusade kurwisa Standard Oil. Kufumurwa kwaTarbell kwakamutsa hasha dzeruzhinji kuStandard trust uye kwakabatsira kugadzira nzira yemutemo wakaparadza Standard Oil muna 1911. Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zvakasiyana zvetrust zvakazogadziriswa pave paya, Juhasz anopa mushandirapamwe wakabudirira weTarbell akabatsira semuenzaniso wekudzidzisa. varatidziri vanhasi.
Iwo hofori dzemafuta, makambani ane mari zvakanyanya akambovapo, anoshandisa mari yakawanda paPR greenwashing. Zvakadaro tsvagiridzo yaJuhasz inoratidza kuti vazhinji vanopedza zvinosiririsa 1 kusvika 4 muzana yezvese mari yekushandisa pane dzimwe nzira dzegirinhi simba. Pamusoro pekufukunura uye kusefa data rekambani yemafuta, Juhasz akaita nepaaigona napo kubvunzurudza maBig Oil operative. Kunyangwe akarambirwa kakawanda kuwana vakuru vakuru vakadaro, akataura naJohn Felmy, mukuru wezvehupfumi wesangano rinotungamira rekutengesa mafuta muindasitiri. Felmy akabvuma kuti pakati pe "michina yemagetsi iri kusimukira" ndeyekudyara mu "frontier hydrocarbons" sejecha retara uye shale yemafuta, iyo Juhasz inotsanangura se "nzira dzekuchera oiri dzinotokuvadza zvakatipoteredza uye dzine njodzi kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare."
Kupfuurirazve, Big Oil yakawedzera zvakanyanya kuchera mugungwa mumvura yakadzika kupfuura 500 tsoka. Kuchera kwakadaro kwakadzika kwegungwa kunoburitsa methane, ine simba rakapetwa ka20 kupfuura kabhoni dhaikisaidhi.
Tichingotarisira kuti makambani aya achatibatsira kuzvirumura kubva pakupindwa muropa nemafuta pavanenge vachiisa zvikwangwani zvemhando dzakanyatsotarisa vachitaura zvinhu sekuti "Ndichadya zvishoma" haisiriyo zano rakanaka. Juhasz anonyatsoziva nezve njodzi yekutarisira kuti maDemocrats achaita basa rakaoma rekutamisa nyika dzakasimukira kure nehupfumi hwakavakirwa peturu. Asi iye ane maonero asina kunaka ezvinogoneka kuburikidza nekuita kwevagari uye anosimbisa kukosha kwekumanikidza kuCongress uye nekutonga kwaObama.
Kunyange asingafire kuratidzira mumigwagwa sechishandiso chete chakakodzera chemumiririri muchirevo chakatora kititi, zvakawanda zvekutarisa kwaJuhasz zvinoramba zviri pahutongi hwemagariro evanhu uye zviito zvekurwisa hondo zvinotora Big Oil.
Sezvo Juhasz achigara muSan Francisco, zvine musoro kuti chinangwa chikuru chetsvakiridzo yake iSan Ramon-based Chevron Corp. Hofori yemafuta iyi yakakohwa $18.7 bhiriyoni mupurofiti muna 2007. Iri zvakare mutambi akakosha muzvido zvemakambani ekuMadokero kuwana purofiti kubva Oiri yeIraq. Chevron yaive mumwe wevakatanga kugamuchira makondirakiti ekushambadzira mushure mekupinda muIraq muna 2003 uye parizvino iri kushambadzira huwandu hwakakosha hwemafuta ekuIraq.
Chevron yaizowana pundutso huru kuburikidza nemutemo weIraq Oil Law uchiri kusundidzirwa nehurumende yeUS neInternational Monetary Fund. Mutemo uyu, wakapihwa vakuru vekambani yemafuta epasi rose neIMF kuti uongororwe usati waonekwa nevamiriri veParamende yeIraq, waizoita kuti indasitiri yemafuta eIraq ive yega, ichisiya zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemafuta eIraq akavhurika kune dzimwe nyika kutonga kwekambani pasi pezvibvumirano. kugara kweanopfuura makore gumi.
Ndakabvunza Juhasz nezvemushandirapamwe wake uchipesana neChevron. Akanditumira email: "Kwemwedzi yakati wandei yapfuura, ndanga ndichishanda neboka risati ramboonekwa renharaunda, vatsigiri, uye masangano ane hanya neChevron kubva mhiri kweBay Area, nyika, nepasirese. Nepo Chevron's 2008 Annual Report to vagovani vayo imhemberero yakashata inozivisa gore rinobatsira zvikuru kambani munhoroondo yayo, haiudzi vagovani vayo mari yechokwadi yakabhadharwa kune izvo kudzoka kwemari: hupenyu hwakarasika, hondo dzakarwiwa, nharaunda dzakaparadzwa, nharaunda dzakaparara, mararamiro aparadzwa, uye manzwi ezvematongerwo enyika. Saka takagadzira Alternative Annual Report yeChevron ine musoro unoti 'The True Cost of Chevron.'" Juhasz nevamwe vakaendesa mushumo uyu kuChevron nevanemasheya vayo pamusangano wepagore wevagovanisi wekambani muSan Ramon musi wa27 Chivabvu, ukuwo mazana evanhu akaita chiitiko. kuratidzira pamagedhi emakambani ekambani.