 Pinochet |
Capo iri kutarisana nekudengenyeka kwevanhu munharaunda mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika 8.8 kwakarova nyika musi waFebruary 27. "Mhosva dzechishamiso chehupfumi cheChile dzakafumurwa," akadaro Elias Padilla, purofesa weanthropology paAcademic University of Christian Humanism. muSantiago. "Musika wakasununguka, neo-liberal economic model iyo Chile yakatevera kubvira hudzvinyiriri hwePinochet huine tsoka dzematope."
Chile ndeimwe yemasangano asina kuenzana zvakanyanya pasi rose. Nhasi, 14 muzana yevanhu vanogara muurombo hwakaipisisa. Vepamusoro makumi maviri muzana vanotora makumi mashanu muzana emari yenyika, nepo vepasi makumi maviri muzana vanowana chete 20 muzana. Muongororo yakaitwa neWorld Bank yakaitwa muna 50 munyika 20, Chile iri pachinzvimbo chegumi nembiri munyika dzine mari yakawandisa.
Mafungiro akatekeshera emusika wakasununguka aburitsa pfungwa yakadzama yekusiyana pakati peruzhinji rwevanhu. Kunyangwe mubatanidzwa wemapato epakati-kuruboshwe wakatsiva hutongi hwePinochet makore makumi maviri apfuura, wakasarudza kuita zvematongerwo enyika, kutonga kubva kumusoro zvichidzika, uye kungobvumidza sarudzo dzinodzorwa makore mashoma ega ega, vachinzvenga masangano ane mukurumbira nemafambisirwo emagariro. yakadzikisa hudzvanyiriri.
Ikoku kunotsanangura zviono zvokupamba nenyongano yenzanga murutivi rwokumaodzanyemba rwenyika izvo zvakaparadzirwa kupota nyika pazuva rechitatu pashure pokudengenyeka kwapasi. MuConcepcion, guta guru rechipiri reChile, iro rakaparadzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika, vanhu vakanga vasina kuwana rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende kwemazuva maviri. Iwo masupamaketi nemamall akatsiva zvitoro nezvitoro mumakore apfuura zvakaramba zvakavharwa.
Kugadzirisa Maakaundi
Pkukangaidzika kwakaputika sezvo vanhu vaidzika panzvimbo yezvokutengeserana, vachitakura zvinhu zvose, kwete zvokudya zvaibva muzvitoro zvikuru, asiwo shangu, zvipfeko, maTV eplasma, uye nharembozha. Uku kwanga kusiri kubira kuri nyore, asi kugadzirisa maakaunti nehurongwa hwehupfumi hunoraira kuti zvinhu chete nezviwanikwa zvine basa. The "gente decente" (vanhu vane hunhu) nevezvenhau vakatanga kutaura kwavari sema lumpens, vandals, uye mbavha. "Kuwanda kwekusarongeka kwevanhu, ndiko kukura kwehutsotsi," akatsanangura kudaro Hugo Fruhling weCenter for the Study of Citizen Security paYunivhesiti yeChile.
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Mumazuva maviri akatungamira mhirizhonga, hurumende yaMichele Bachelet yakaratidza kusakwanisa kwayo kunzwisisa uye kubata nedambudziko revanhu rakaputsika munyika. Vazhinji vemakurukota vaive pazororo rechirimo kana kunanzva maronda avo vachigadzirira kudzosera mahofisi avo kuhurumende iri kuuya yebhirioni Sebastian Piñera, akatoreswa mhiko neChina, Kurume 11. Bachelet akazivisa kuti zvinodiwa nenyika zvaifanira dzinzverwe nekuongororwa rubatsiro rusati rwatumirwa. Pazuva rekudengenyeka, akaraira mauto kuti aise chikopokopo paari kuti abhururuke pamusoro peConcepcion kuti aone kukuvara, asi hapana chikopokopo chakaoneka uye rwendo rwakasiiwa. Sezvo Carlos L. asingazivikanwe akanyora mune email yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya muChile: "Zvingave zvakaoma zvikuru munhoroondo yenyika kuwana hurumende ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvine simba - zvemichina, zvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, zvesangano - izvo zvave kutadza kuita. kupa chero mhinduro kune zvekukurumidzira zvemagariro zvinodikanwa zvematunhu ese akabatwa nekutya, kuda pekugara, mvura, chikafu, uye tariro. "
Zvakasvika muConcepcion munaKurume 1 yaisava zororo kana rubatsiro, asi zviuru zvemauto nemapurisa zvakatakurwa nemarori nendege, sezvo vanhu vakanzi vagare mudzimba dzavo. Hondo dzakasimba dzakarwiwa mumigwagwa yeConcepcion sezvo zvivakwa zvakapiswa. Vamwe vagari vakatora zvombo kuti vadzivirire misha yavo nemisha yavo sezvo guta racho raiita sokuti rakanga rava pedyo nehondo yemumaguta. NeChipiri, Kurume 2, rubatsiro rwekuyamura rwakazotanga kusvika, pamwe chete nemamwe mauto, kushandura dunhu rekumaodzanyemba kuita nzvimbo ine mauto.
Munyori weUnited States of State Hillary Clinton, sechikamu cherwendo rweLatin America rwakarongwa kudengenyeka kusati kwaitika, akabhururuka kuenda kuSantiago neChipiri kunosangana naBachelet naPiñera. Akaunza 20 satellite mafoni uye technician, achiti imwe ye "dambudziko guru rave rekutaurirana sezvatakawana muHaiti mumazuva iwayo mushure mekudengenyeka." Zvakaenda zvisina kutaurwa kuti, sezvakangoita kuChile, US yakatumira mauto kuti atore hutongi hwePort-au-Prince chero rubatsiro rwakakosha rusati rwagoverwa.
Nhaka yaMilton Friedman
The Wall Street Journal akabatana mukurwisana, achifambisa chinyorwa chaBret Stephens, "Machengetero Akaitwa Milton Friedman Chile." Akataura kuti "mweya waFriedman zvechokwadi wakanga uchitenderera uchidzivirira pamusoro peChile mumaawa emangwanani eMugovera. Kutenda zvikuru kwaari, nyika yakatsungirira dambudziko iro kune imwe nzvimbo ingadai yakave apocalypse." Stephens akaenderera mberi nekuzivisa, "Hazvina kuitika kuti vekuChile vaigara mudzimba dzezvidhinha-uye maHaiti mudzimba dzemashanga-apo mhumhi yakasvika kuzoedza kuvaputsira pasi." Chile yakanga yatora "mamwe emitemo yakasimba yekuvaka pasirese," sezvo hupfumi hwakakwira nekuda kwekugadzwa kwaPinochet kwevaFriedman vakadzidziswa zvehupfumi kumakurukota ehurumende uye kuzvipira kwehurumende yevagari vemo kune neoliberalism.
Pane matambudziko maviri nemaonero aya. Kutanga, sezvakataurwa naNaomi Klein mu "Chile's Socialist Rebar" pane Huffington Post, yakanga iri hurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeSalvador Allende muna 1972 yakagadza mitemo yokutanga yokuvaka yokudengenyeka kwepasi. Vakazosimbiswa, kwete naPinochet, asi nehurumende yevagari vemo yakadzorerwa muma1990. Chechipiri, seCIPER, iyo Center of Journalistic Investigation and Information, yakashumwa musi waKurume 6, Santiago yakakura ine dzimba dzekugara 23 uye zvikwiriso zvepamusoro zvakavakwa mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura izvo zvakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nekudengenyeka. Makodhi ekuvaka akange avharwa uye "... basa rekuvaka uye mabhizinesi ezvivakwa zvino rave nyaya yekukakavadzana neruzhinji." Munyika yose, vanhu mamiriyoni maviri kubva pavanhu vane mamiriyoni gumi nemanomwe havana pokugara. Dzimba zhinji dzakaparadzwa nokudengenyeka kwacho dzakavakwa nemarara kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakavandudzwa, dzakawanda mumisha yezvitangwena dzakakura kuti dzigovere vashandi vakachipa, vasina kurongwa nokuda kwamabhizimisi makuru enyika namaindasitiri.
Pane tarisiro shoma yekuti hurumende iri kuuya yeSebastian Piñera ichagadzirisa kusaenzana kwevanhu kwakafumurwa nekudengenyeka. Munhu akapfuma zvikuru muChile, iye nevapi vezano vake vanoverengeka nevashumiri vanobatanidzwa sevane mugove mukuru muzvirongwa zvokuvaka zvakaparadzwa zvakakomba nokudengenyeka nokuti mitemo yokuvaka yakanga isingateereri. Mushure mekuita mushandirapamwe papuratifomu yekuunza chengetedzo kumaguta uye kurwisa kuparadza uye kuparwa kwemhosva, akatsoropodza Bachelet nekusaendesa mauto nekukurumidza mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika.
Zviratidzo Zvekuramba
 Kuratidzira kwevadzidzi muSantiago; pamusoro 700,00 vadzidzi akarova muna 2006 pamusoro akawedzera muripo |
Thezvino zviratidzo zvekuti nhoroondo yeChile yemasangano akakurumbira uye kuunganidzwa kwepasi kunogona kunge kuri kumuka. Mubatanidzwa weanopfuura makumi matanhatu emasangano akazvimirira neasiri ehurumende akaburitsa chiziviso (musi waKurume 60) achiti: "Mumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa aya, vagari vakarongeka vakaratidza kuti vanokwanisa kupa mhinduro dzechimbichimbi, dzechimbichimbi, uye dzekugadzira kudambudziko remagariro iro mamirioni emhuri ari. kusangana.
Masangano akasiyana-siyana — mibatanidzwa yevashandi, masangano evavakidzani, makomiti edzimba nevasina pokugara, masangano emayunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzevadzidzi, masangano etsika, mapoka ezvakatipoteredza — ari kuunganidza, achiratidza kugona kwekufungidzira uye kubatana kwenharaunda. kodzero ye "kutarisa zvirongwa uye mienzaniso yekuvakazve kuitira kuti zvibatanidze kubatanidzwa kwakakwana kwevanhu."
