United States ndiyo “tswanda yechingwa yenyika” uye mutengesi mukurusa wechibage, soya bhinzi, uye gorosi, achitora imwe mumatani matatu ari ose ezviyo zvikuru zvinodyisa nyika. Mumwedzi wapfuura, mitengo yeramangwana yechibage negorosi yakakwira inosvika makumi mashanu muzana. Honzeri yemaitiro asina kujairika emitengo iyi idambudziko guru rekusanaya kwemvura kuri kupisa hafu yechingwa cheAmerica. Bazi rezvekurima reUS rakazivisa muna Chikunguru 50 kuti matunhu anopfuura chiuru mumatunhu makumi maviri nematanhatu inzvimbo dzine njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, chiziviso chikuru chakadai.
Maererano Economist (December 2007), pakupera kwa2007, apo mitengo yakakwira yezviyo yakakonzera mhirizhonga munyika 48, indekisi yemitengo yezvokudya mumagazini iyi yakasvika pakakwirira zvikuru kubvira payakavamba muna 1845. Kubva muna July 2012, chibage chadzokera kumitengo yakakwira zvikuru muna 2007. , gorosi riri kukurumidza kusvika pamwero wakakwirira wakafanana, uye soya bhinzi dziri pamakore akawanda uye kusanaya kwemvura kweU.S. kuchangotanga—zvichida. Zvinofadza kuti mupunga, uyo unodyisa hafu yenyika, uchiri pakati uye wave uri wemakore mashanu apfuura.
Kushomeka kwechikafu nemitengo yezvekudya yakakwira zvinokonzeresa dambudziko guru kuhurumende dzepasi rose uye kuparara kwehurongwa hwehupfumi hwemagariro evanhu. Sekureva kwaAbdolreza Abbassian, mukuru wezvehupfumi neUN Food & Agriculture Organisation, "Nyika inotarisa kuUS senzvimbo yakachengeteka yekugovera…. Wese munhu anotarisa U.S. nekuti vanogona kuvimba nayo. Pasina izvozvo, nyika yaizofa nenzara.”
Kumukirana kweArab Spring muna 2011 kwakaunza nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi pamberi, asi kuseri kwezviitiko, kushushikana kwemamiriro ekunze kwakabata basa guru. Nyevero iri shure kwekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze eSyria, kureva, kusanaya kwemvura, kuri kutonhora. Mapurazi eSyria kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva kweRwizi rweYufratesi ndiro dengu rekudya kuMiddle East uye kusvika 60 muzana yenyika yeSyria yakave neimwe yekusanaya kwemvura yakaipisisa kubva muna 2006-11. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva nokumaodzanyemba, inoda kusvika 75 muzana yakatambura kusashanda zvakanaka kwegoho. Vafudzi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva vakarasikirwa ne85 muzana yezvipfuyo zvavo. Sekureva kweUN, 800,000 maSyria akaparara zvachose, vachitamira kumaguta kunotsvaga basa kana kumisasa yevapoteri. Uyezve, kusanaya kwemvura kwakapinza mamiriyoni matatu evaSyria muurombo hwakanyanya. Kubva muna Ndira 2012, Abeer Etefa weWorld Food Programme, anoti, “Kukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya muSyria kunoramba kuri nyaya huru kuvagari vemo.”
Capitalist nyika-nyika dzatove pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakawanda kwemari kupfuura chero nguva kubva paKuderera Kukuru. Zvisinei, kusiyana nema1930, inyika dzakasimukira dziri pasi pemvura dzine chikwereti.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti kushomeka kwezviyo pachayo hakuzove kusingadzoreki inflationary spiral nekuti mipiro ye "agflation" pane yakakosha PCE Indexes (Personal Consumption Expenditures) ichakanganisa huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvekupedzisira ("Izvino Nyaya muEconomics uye Mari. ,” Federal Reserve Bank yeNY, Mbudzi 2008). Zvakadaro, kukwira kwemitengo yezvikamu zvekudya kwakaomarara zvakaipisisa kumhuri imwe neimwe pasi rese.
Maererano nekuongorora kunokosha, World Development Report 2011, mu "Kusachengeteka Kwezvokudya uye Kurwisana," vanyori. Henk-Jan Brinkman naCullen S. Hendrix vanonyora kuti, “Kusachengeteka kwezvokudya ndicho chikonzero uye mugumisiro wemhirizhonga yezvematongerwe enyika.”
Pane humbowo hwakananga hwekuti kuvhiringa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kwakakonzera moto wezvematongerwo enyika wakapisa kuNorth Africa gore rapfuura ukazobatidzwa muRussia. Kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kwakakonzera moto wesango ndokuparadza chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chegoho regorosi reRussia. Russia yakaramba kutengesa kunze kwenyika yakasara yegoho rayo. Misika yakatya uye mitengo yezvokudya yakakwira.
"Chokwadi, ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zveArab Spring," anodaro Shenggen Fan, director-mukuru weInternational Food Policy Research Institute. Zviri kuwedzera kujeka kuti mamiriro ekunze akafanotaura kuti nyika dzakatenderedza Mediterranean dzichatanga kuoma ndedzechokwadi ("Kushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze Kunokonzerwa Nevanhu Yatova Chinhu Chikuru muKunaya Kwemvura KweMedithera," National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, Gumiguru 27. , 2011).
Zvichakadaro, nhasi muUnited States, NOAA inoti, “… Uye, kuita kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuipa, kusanaya kwemvura kweCentral neEastern Canada “kubikisa zvirimwa,” anodaro David Phillips, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze weEnvironment Canada, anoenderera mberi achiti, “... Michael Oppenheimer, purofesa weGeoscience paPrinceton University anoti, "Zvatiri kuona iwindo rekuti kudziya kwepasi kunotaridzika sei."
Izvi zvinonetsa nekudziya kwepasi "poppycock" sekureva kwemumwe mutungamiri weRepublican, Rick Santorum, akaudza Rush Limbaugh mubvunzurudzo muna Chikumi 2011, "... Vanotungamira-bapiro rekurudyi miromo saAnn Coulter vanoti vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze "nhengo dzechitendero" dzinonyengera.
Kana ari Mitt Romney, achisimudza munwe mumwe mudenga, achiedza kwainobva kamhepo kekuvhota, anoti, kune rimwe divi, haana chokwadi “kana vanhu vari kukonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze,” asi kune rimwe divi, haisi "murambi wesainzi yemamiriro ekunze." Taura nezve bheji yakachengetedzeka.
Zvinoshungurudza kuti chero munhu angaramba shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ne97 muzana yemasayendisiti vachiti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogadzirwa nevanhu ndeyechokwadi-maererano neNational Academy of Sciences, mushure mekubvunza mubvunzo kune 1,372 vesainzi.USA Today, Chikumi 2010).
Zvichipesana nezvinzvimbo zvevezvematongerwo enyika vekuAmerica pakudziya kwepasirese-kusanganisira vaimbove mutungamiriri wenyika yeRepublican vanokurudzira "kubvisa" EPA - Yale University runyorwa rwenyika dzakasvibira pasi rose dzinoratidza zvematongerwo enyika zvine hungwaru/hungwaru pabasa: “… nyika dzinoteerera zvakanaka. manejimendi ezvakatipoteredza ane manejimendi akanaka ebhizinesi zvakare. " Semuenzaniso, nyika dzeScandinavia dzakaita mari mubhizinesi rezvakatipoteredza chikamu chakakosha chehwaro hwehupfumi hwavo.
Kambani huru yemagetsi ezuva iri muNorway, inova nhamba yechitatu paYale University runyorwa. United States ndiyo Nhamba 39, kuseri kweCosta Rica nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka dzeEastern Europe, pamwe neJapan, Germany, uye UK, dzose dziri nani kupfuura U.S.
Sekureva kwaMarco Lagif weNew England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) mu Technology Review, MIT, (Nyamavhuvhu, 2011), chinhu chimwe chete chinokonzera mhirizhonga pasi rose mutengo wezvokudya. Humbowo uhwu hunobva ku data yakaunganidzwa neUnited Nations iyo inoronga mutengo wechikafu zvichienderana nenguva, iyo inonzi mutengo wezvekudya weFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUN. Humwe umboo hunonongedzera kumazuva emhirizhonga munyika yose, pasinei nokuti chii chakakonzera.
Musi waZvita 13, 2011, mazuva mana Mohamed Bouazizi asati azvipisa muTunisia, achitanga mhirizhonga yeArab Spring, NECSI yakasangana nehurumende yeUS, ichiyambira kuti mitengo yezvekudya pasi rose yave kuda kuyambuka padanho rekuti chero chinhu chingakonzeresa mhirizhonga. Chidzidzo cheNECSI chakaunzwa, nekukokwa, paWorld Economic Forum muDavos uye chakaratidzwa seimwe yepamusoro gumi yakawanikwa musainzi muna 2011 ne. Wired Magazini.
Lagif nevamwe vaanoshanda navo vakasiya zvikonzero zviviri zvinokonzeresa mitengo yechikafu, mukuwedzera kune yakajairika uye kudiwa: (1) kudzorwa kwezvinhu, zvichikonzera vanofungidzira vanogona kudzora zvibvumirano zvekutenga zvisingaperi uye (2) shanduko yechibage kuita ethanol. . Heinoi zvakare.
Iyo deregulation quandary, iro dingindira rebapiro rekurudyi uye rinofarirwa naRomney, rinobuda pese pazvinoita dambudziko, zvakafanana nekuparara kwemari muna 2007-08 uye kubatana kwakananga pakati pehuipi uye kuderedzwa kweCongress (kuuraya) kweGlass ra1933- Steagall Act, iyo yakanga yachengeta mabhanga ekutengesa kunze kwezvibatiso zvekufungidzira kweanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu.
Hungu, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunovhiringidza ndiko kunokonzera kumukirana. Panyaya iyi, zvinonakidza uye zvinotyisa zvikuru kuti bapiro rezvematongerwo enyika rinoramba richitsigira mitemo isingateereri kuparara kwekudziya kwepasi.
Nemitengo yezviyo ichikwira zvakare uye nefungidziro yezvigadzirwa yakazaruka, yakakomborerwa nekudzimwa, kupa zvibvumirano zvekutenga zvisingagumi zvinoenderana nekutonga kwemitengo, mutambo mukuru wekubheja pazviyo ungangokonzera mhirizhonga yechikafu. Sezvo mhirizhonga iri kutarisirwa munyika dzakawanda dzisina kubudirira pasi rose, North America Spring haisi kunze kwemubvunzo.
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Robert Hunziker anogara muCalifornia uye akaburitsa zvinyorwa muCounterpunch uye Firebrand Magazine.