A conundrum yekurudyi-bapiro populist mafambiro senge bhegi reti uye kuratidzira kwehoro yedhorobha ndeyekuti ivo vanowanzo ungana nenzira dzinokanganisa hupfumi hwekuzvinakira kwevatori vechikamu. Mhinduro yepuzzle ndeyekuti vanhu ava vari kudzivirira panguva imwe chete simba ravo riripo uye rombo mune mamwe mativi, senge rudzi uye murume kana murume - kana kuti vanofunga kuti vari mune imwe nzira yekuziva kana kusaziva.
Kuti unzwisise kuti izvi zvinoshanda sei, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Rory McVeigh anopa zano rekushandisa Power Devaluation Model umo mafambiro emapapiro ekurudyi anobuda kudzivirira zvido zvavo munhandare nhatu: simba rezvematongerwo enyika, simba rehupfumi, uye chinzvimbo munharaunda. Kukosha kwezvikamu izvi kunosiyana nekufamba kwenguva. Mukurudyi-wing populism, simba rehupfumi rinowanzotora chigaro chemashure kune simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye hutano hwevanhu, asi kwete nguva dzose. Nguva dzehupfumi dzakaoma dzinogona kutungamirira vanopesana nekubvisa pamuviri uye vanopesana nevarume veChristian Right vateveri kuti vavhotere maDemocrats anopa chirongwa chakajeka uye chinotendwa chekugadzirisa hupfumi - kunyanya kune vepakati.
In Right-Wing Populism muAmerica, Matt Lyons neni takakakavadzana kuti populism yakavakwa zvakatenderedza zvinhu zvina zvakarukwa:
- Producerism
- Kuita dhimoni
- Kubata chibharo
- Conspiracy Theories of Power
Tinonzwa bhegi retii nevaratidziri vehoro yedhorobha vachiburitsa dzidziso dzekurangana nezverufu uye hudzvanyiriri hwehurumende huri kuuya. Matauriro avo akazara nedhimoni uye kushungurudza mapoka anonangwa, kunyanya vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Hasha dzavo dzakajeka uye manyawi ekuzviruramisa zvinopa muenzaniso wepfungwa yeapocalyptic yekuti nguva iri kupera yekuponesa nzanga โ pfungwa inotungidza miono yemireniyumu yekutarisana kunodiwa kuri kuuya nemasimba akaipa.
Producerism, zvisinei, harisi izwi rinoshandiswa nevazhinji vanofambira mberi, kunyangwe nyaya yaro inganzwika seyakajairwa. Producerism inotsanangura maonero enyika umo vanhu vari muboka repakati vanonzwa kuti vari kudzvinyirirwa kubva kumusoro nemitero inoremadza, masangano ehurumende, nevakuru vezvemari asi panguva imwe cheteyo vachisundidzirwa pasi, kubirwa, uye kusairirwa parutivi neboka repasi re "simbe, vatadzi, uye. vapanduki vakasununguka." Pfungwa ndeyokuti tupukanana tusingabereki pamusoro nepasi tiri kubuda ropa remhando yepakati yakaoma.
Mugadziri ane simba anoburitsa zvirevo zvekurangana nezve parasitic elites vanonyengedza nzanga uye izvi zvinotungamira kukutsamwa kunonangana pamusoro pemagariro nehupfumi. Rondedzero yeascapegoats pakati peanonzi epamusoro maparasite anogona kusanganisira vekunze, Trilateralists, bankster plutocrats, socialists, maJuda, Bilderbergers, rusununguko rwenyika dzevanhu, mahofisi ehurumende, kana chero musanganiswa weiyi runyorwa. Zvipembenene zvepasi zvinosanganisira kurodha mahara "varombo vasina kufanirwa," vatadzi vanofungira pabonde, uye vapanduki vakashata.
Avo vanoshorwa sevatakuri vemahara nevachena vepakati vanogadzira vanosanganisira vatema nevamwe vanhu vemavara, vatorwa, uye vanaamai verubatsiro (vanowanzoonekwa se "vasiri pamutemo" vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, vasiri vachena, kana vese). "Vakaipa" ndivo vanobvisa pamuviri, ngochani, uye vakadzi (uye varume vane tsitsi vanovadzivirira). Kutenderedza vanofungidzirwa kuti vanofungirwa vari kuruboshwe-vamiriri vezvemagariro nevezvematongerwo enyika vanoronga varombo uye vakadziviswa zvikamu zvehuwandu-kunyanya "vanoronga nharaunda."
Kutsamwa kwevagadziri kunonangidzirwa kumusoro kune vanonzi vepamusoro tupukanana-sezvinopupurirwa neiyo rhetoric pabhegi reti uye zviitiko zvemudhorobha. Hasha idzi, dzinowanzo shandiswa nevezvematongerwo enyika vane bato rekurudyi, dzinowanzo buritsa zviito zvakanangana uye zvehasha zvinonangana nemapoka ane madhimoni uye ane utsinye ari pasi pemanera ezvemagariro nehupfumi. Sezvinoratidzwa nenyanzvi Catherine McNicol Stock, iwo madingindira maviri akakosha munhoroondo dzeAmerican populist mafambiro "zvematongerwo enyika evagadziri vekumaruwa radicalism uye tsika yemhirizhonga."
In kuUnited States, mhedzisiro yese yemuenzaniso wevagadziri wepopulism ibato rakakura remagariro nezvematongerwo enyika vamwe vaongorori vanodana "middle American nationalism," "iyo radical center," "middle American radicals," kana "white nationalism." Chero zita rakanyorwa, iyi fomu yekudzvanyirira populism ine mugadziri chimiro chinhu chakajairika chekurudyi-bapiro kuronga mhiri kwekodzero yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS. Nhoroondo, inosanganisira kuziva kana kusaziva rusaruraganda kuvanhu verudzi, kunyanya vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Zvisinei, zvinhu hazvisi nyore. Abby Ferber naMichael Kimmel vanonongedza kuti mazhinji erusaruraganda pakati peNeo-Nazis akadzika midzi mungano dzechikadzi dzinosanganisira madzitateguru uye kutya kusanganiswa kwedzinza. Kuzivikanwa kwemurume uye dzimwe nyaya dzechikadzi ndizvo zvakakosha mubato remauto โ pamwe nekushushikana kwehupfumi. Muchokwadi, mafambiro ese kurudyi kana kuruboshwe anosanganisira tsoropodzo dzinosanganisira rudzi, murume kana mukadzi, uye kirasi zvematongerwo enyika.
Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinozvimiririra zvekodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika uye zvinopindirana pamiganhu yavo. Maitiro avanoshandisa populist rhetoric akaumbwa nenyaya dzavo dzakakosha uye mafuremu makuru pamwe nehuwandu hwevateereri vavo. Hapana rimwe remafambiro aya rinopa systemic, masangano, kana maitiro ekushoropodzwa kwekirasi, asi anoratidza maitiro akasiyana ekurudyi-bapiro populism.
Kodzero yeChristu inoita seinoumbwa zvakanyanya nevakabudirira vari kumusoro-vanofambiswa mudhorobha, kusanganisira mamaneja mazhinji uye varidzi vemabhizinesi madiki. Populist producerism muChristian Right inotarisana nekuunganidza "vanhu vanonamata Mwari" vachipesana nevakuru venyika vanoonekwa sekutonga hurumende nevezvenhau, asi zvichemo zvinowanzoenderana nevakadzi - kubvisa pamuviri, ungochani, uye sangano revakadzi.
Mauto evagari vakashongedzerwa pamwe nebato rakakura rePatriot rinokwezva vanhu vakatambura kana kunzwa kuti vachakurumidza kutambura neimwe mhando yehupfumi. Populist kuburitsa mumafambiro aya anovaka nganonyorwa vachishandisa anti-hurumende kana anti-regime rhetorical mafuremu akavakwa akatenderedza dzidziso dzekurangana.
Kurudyi kwekupedzisira, maNeo-Nazi uye vachena vepamusoro vanoruka nyaya yekugadzirwa kwevanhu umo "vanhu vatema vane usimbe, maJuda ane manomano, uye vanopamba vanobva kune dzimwe nyika" veruvara vari kubvisa kodzero dzerudzi ruchena.
Producerism yakashandiswa kuunganidza varombo uye vashandi vekirasi vachena kurwisa vachangobva kusunungurwa vatema vaimbova varanda mushure meHondo Yenyika. Yakashandiswa naGeorge Wallace mumakwikwi ake emutungamiri wenyika muma1960, ndokuzokweretwa naRichard Nixon neRepublican Party kuita rusarura "Southern Strategy" kuti vawane hutungamiri.
Producerism mune dzimwe nyika nedzimwe nguva dzenhoroondo dzinowanzobatanidza dzidziso yekurangana yenhoroondo nexenophobia, rusaruraganda, uye rusarura rwechitendero. Vanhu vari munyika dzakasiyana-siyana vanogadzira nhoroondo dzakasiyana uye vanotora mbudzi dzakasiyana, asi paradigm yekutanga inotungamira mukurwiswa kwe "parasite" ne "vagadziri." Economic libertarians inopokana hurumende nemitero yakakwira uye yakawandisa kudzora bhizinesi. Vanopikisa xenophobes vanoshora hurumende nekurega "vasiri pamutemo" vachibira mabasa uye kuwedzera mitero yavo. VaKristu vanonyanya kukoshesa zvinhu vanopopotera hurumende nekubvumira simbe, vatadzi, uye vanopandukira hurumende kuparadza nzanga.
Ichi hachisi chiitiko chechangobva kuitika, asi chikamu chetsika refu. Sezvo masangano anorwira kodzero dzevanhu anowedzera, vezvematongerwo enyika nevaratidziri vari mukati memapato ekuvandudza sarudzo vanoedza kutsvaga vanopinda musarudzo kuti vatore chikamu mukati mesarudzo. Pavanenge vachitsvaga mavhoti, vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika vanotanga kushandisa populist rhetoric uye pander kune scapegoating. Izvi zvinotsanangura mukurumbira waSarah Palin, Lou Dobbs, naGlenn Beck.
Tarisa kuti kuburitsa kuve chinhu chepakati chinoshandiswa nemaRepublicans musarudzo dze2010 dzeCongress uye dzenyika. Izvo zvakakosha kwatiri Kuruboshwe kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti hatitore kana kusimbisa mafuremu kana nganonyorwa dzinoshandiswa nevekurudyi-bapiro populists uye mutambo wavo wekupomera mugadziri.
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Chip Berlet muongorori mukuru paPolitical Research Associates (publiceye.org) uye mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weDefending Dissent (www.defendingdissent.org) Maonero ari pano ndeake.