IVakadzi vechiRani neMuslim vave nyaya yekufarira kukuru kune vezvenhau veEuro-America uye vezvematongerwo enyika veUS mumakore achangopfuura. Kazhinji pane kuedza kurerutsa uye kuti zvipingamupinyi zvinotarisana nevakadzi veIran neMuslim kune zvinhu zvemukati, zvakaita seIslam, tsika dzemadzibaba, uye vezvematongerwo enyika. Muchokwadi, vakadzi vekuMiddle East vanowanzotambura zvakaenzana kubva kumitemo yekunze sezvirango zvehupfumi, hondo, uye rutsigiro rwekunze rwehurumende dzine huori. Zvirango zvehupfumi, nekudzikira kwekutora chikamu kwevakadzi munharaunda yeruzhinji, zvakakonzera kuti pave netsika yemadzibaba.
Sezvakaitika kuIraq, mushure mezvirango zve 1990 kusvika 2001, "vakadzi vakakanganiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kushayikwa kwehupfumi, hurombo hwakapararira, kuparara kwezvivakwa, uye huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa hwakaenda pamwe chete nekubvisa kwehurumende mabasa emahara, izvo zvaive zvakakosha. mukutora chikamu kwevakadzi muhupenyu hweveruzhinji, zvichiperekedzwa neshanduko kune dzimwe pfungwa dzechikadzi uye kusimbiswa kwesimba remadzibaba padanho remadzinza nemhuriโ (Nadje Sadig Al-Ali, Iraqi Vakadzi Untold Nhau Kubva 1948 kusvika ikozvino) Saizvozvo, kutyisidzira kwehondo nekuchengetedzeka kwenyika nevekunze kwakawedzera kurwisa Iran, izvo zvakakonzera tsika yezvematongerwo enyika inotongwa nevarume uye pakupedzisira kudzvanyirirwa kwevakadzi.
Zvisinei, izvi zvinhu zvekunze zvinowanzoregererwa. Semuyenzaniso, pamusangano we2008 Middle East Studies Association (MESA) Conference wainzi One Million Signature Campaign, varatidziri vakakurukura zvipingamupinyi zvakasangana nedanidziro iyi mukuchinja mitemo inosarura vakadzi vekuIran, asi mharidzo dzakaregeredza kutaura nezvemagariro nehupfumi. dambudziko rinobata vakadzi vekuIran nevanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi. Mumwe wevaratidziri akataura achinyomba mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika weIran achiti: โNjodzi ine ngozi zvikuru kukuchengetedzwa kwenyika isangano revakadzi muIran.โ Ndakabvunza muparidzi kuti sei tisingakurukure nezvekutyisidzira kwehondo neIran, kusundidzira shanduko yehutongi, uye zvirango zvehupfumi, zvese zvinobata vakadzi veIran nevanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi. Akapindura kuti: "Zvirango uye kutyisidzira kwehondo haisi nyaya yemukati uye One Million Signature Campaign iri kuitika mukati meIran saka hazvina basa."
Kusiyana nechikumbiro ichi, ndinotenda kutyisidzira kwehondo uye zvirango zvehupfumi zvipingamupinyi zvakatanhamara izvo vakadzi veIran vanofanirwa kukunda kuti vashandure mitemo yerusarura munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nedzakavanzika. Iniwo ndinotenda kuti hukama hwesimba hweIranian zvematongerwo enyika hwakabatana nemasimba ekunze anoshanda pairi mukugadzirisa kwakaoma.
Zvimwe zvezvipingamupinyi zvakasangana neboka revakadzi veIran pasi pehutungamiriri hwaAhmadinejad zvinogona kunzwisiswa kubva muzvikamu zvikuru zvehutongi hwake: re-Islamization of Iranian society, the nationalist anti-imperialist hurukuro, uye โkudzokera nzanga kutsika dzechivanhu. nguva yechimurenga,โ sekufarira kunoita Ahmadinejad kutaura. Hurukuro yeAnti-imperialist uye Islamization yakaunza tsananguro nyowani ye "chiIslam" kodhi yemapfekero evakadzi, kusanganisira kuomesesa kwezvipfeko uye kugadzira-up. Iyi kodhi yehupfeko inochengetedza inoshanda kusiyanisa vakadzi veIran kubva kune avo vanonzi "wekumadokero" vamwe vavo uye inoratidza kuti nzanga iri kuenda kune imwe yechiIslam. Pfungwa yakakosha inobatsira mukutevedzwa kwekodhi iyi yehupfeko ndeyekurangarira kwakasarudzika kwekare sekuratidzwa neslogan: "Dzokera kutsika dzechokwadi dzeIran." Iyi sirogani yakakonzera kuratidzwa kwefashoni yemapfekero echinyakare mumakore achangopfuura, ayo kusvika pamwero wakati anogona kududzirwa sechishandiso chekudzivisa hegemonic fashoni dzeEuropean-America. Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzora mapfekero evakadzi pasi pezita raTarhe Efafe Omoumi (Chirongwa cheKuchena Kweruzhinji) imwezve kuyedza kushandisa miviri yevakadzi kurudzi rwetsika uye kudzikamisa nzanga.
Hurukuro yekurwisa imperialism inodarika chipfeko chevakadzi uye inosanganisira zvimwe zviratidzo zvakawanda uye pfungwa dzinoonekwa se "kumadokero." Semuenzaniso, Ahmadinejad akazivisa kuti mafirimu echikadzi haafaniri kubudiswa sezvo feminism isiri yeIslam, asi "yekumadokero" dzidziso. (Feminism yakashandiswa nemasimba ekoloni uye, hongu, chinangwa chaicho chevapambi changa chisiri kuvandudzwa kwekodzero dzevakadzi, asi kuti kutonga kwevagari vemo nekuvadaidza kuti "barbaric" uye "primitive.") feminism iyo Ahmadinejad ari kutaura nezvayo ndeiya yakagadzirwa neIranian movie directors vakaita saTahmineh Milani kana Rakhshan BaniEtemad. Kunyange zvazvo paine gakava kuti vakadzi veIranian vakadzidzira zvakadii tsika dzechikadzi dzechikadzi, mafirimu aya kusvika pamwero wakati anoratidza nyaya dzakakodzera kuvakadzi vekuIran (kunyangwe vakadzi vepakati), sekuchengetwa kwevana uye kodzero yekurambana.
Kunyangwe maNeoconservatives vakashandisa nyaya dzekodzero dzevakadzi, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, kutora nekubhomba Iraq neAfghanistan, hapana kumboedza zvakanyanya munhau dzeEuro-America kuti vanyatsonzwisisa kurwira kodzero dzevakadzi vekuMiddle East. Pane kudaro, vakadzi vekuMiddle East vanoratidzwa sezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakangofanana, uye zvisingaite zvinoda kusunungurwa. Semuenzaniso, vezvenhau veEuro-America vakasimudzira nhamba inowedzera yeIranian neMuslim memoirs, senge neo-orientalist bhuku. Kuverenga Lolita muTehran. Kutyisidzirwa kwehondo neIran uye kushandiswa kwenyaya dzekodzero dzevakadzi neveneoconservatives zvaita kuti kurwira kwevakadzi kuve nyaya isinganzwisisike kuhurumende yeIran.
Nadje Sadig Al-Ali anonyora mukati Iraqi Vakadzi kuti mamiriro evakadzi veIraqi akawedzera kubva pakugara kwe2003. Hondo, nevanodzitsigira, hadzina kunangana nekubatsira vakadzi kana kuvandudza mararamiro avo. Kusagadzikana kuchengetedzeka kwenyika kweIran kunopawo mhepo ine chepfu kuvakadzi veIran. Chero nguva iyo US kana nyika dzeEurope dzinotaura nezve mari ye "democracy" muIran (ine imperiya ulterior vavariro), varwiri vechikadzi veIran vanosangana nematambudziko akakomba, sekusungwa, kuvharirwa, kurambidzwa kufamba kunze kweIran, zvichingodaro. Zvinoita sekuti mari idzi, kusvika pamwero wakati, dzinobatsira zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga mukudzvinyirirwa kwevamiriri vechikadzi veIran nehurumende zvakanyanya sezvavanopa humbowo hwekutaura kwehurumende kuti feminism ibhizinesi rekunze rine chinangwa chekukanganisa hutongi hweIran.
Chimwe chipingamupinyi kusangano rinorwira kodzero dzemadzimai muIran zvirango zvehupfumi. Iyi nyaya yave isinganyanyi kukosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga ndechekuti hurumende haisi kuda kujekesa kuti zvirango zvinokanganisa sei hupenyu hwevaIrani, sezvo hurumende isingade kubvuma kubatwa kwayo kune dzimwe nyika. Chikonzero chechipiri ndechekuti avo vanopikisa hurumende yeIran havadi kuratidza vekupedzisira sevakabatwa nenyaya. Ehe, ivo chaivo vakabatwa nezvirango vanhu veIran. "Kukanganisa kwezvirango zvehupfumi zveUS kwave kwakakosha mukuderedza Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), mukukwidza mutengo weIran, uye nekunonotsa kushandiswa kweCaspian Sea oiri negasi" (Hossein Askari, Foreign Policy Forum Archives: "The Iranian Paradox: Kukundikana Kwehupfumi, Kusimuka Kwedunhu, uye Mukana Wekukurukurirana"). Mhindu yemafuta, mari huru yenyika, inogoverwa nehurumende. Zvirango, kuburikidza nekudzikiswa kweFDI, zvinosimbisa hurumende, iyo inosarudza pakuderedzwa kwehupfumi kugoverwa.
Zvirango zvinokonzeresa kuwanda kwekushaya mabasa kwevakadzi nevarume vanoshanda. "Mabhizinesi emazuva ese akarohwa zvakanyanya, zvakare, sekureva kwevakuru vekuMadokero neIran. Makambani makuru nemabhazaari madiki โ sekudanwa kunoitwa vatengesi vechinyakare muIran โ vari kuramba vachimanikidzwa kubhadhara zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika, nemari. Vatengesi kunze vari kurasikirwa nevatengi; zvinhu zvemaindasitiri asiri emafuta zvinonetsa kubhadharaโ (New York Times, Gumiguru 31, 2008). Vakadzi, vari mungozi zvikuru yezvinetso zvoupfumi, kazhinji kazhinji ndivo vanotanga kurasikirwa namabasa avo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya nemikana yemabasa yakaderera, vakadzi varombo, vasina mamwe nzira dzokutsigira nadzo, vangatendeukira kuupfambi kuti vararame. Kutaura zvazviri, nhamba yevakadzi vekuIran vanoshanda muchipfambi iri kuwedzera uye zera ravo riri kuderera. Panguva yekushanya kwangu kuIran ndaigaronzwa nyaya dzevakadzi vaipa varidzi vezvitoro zvegirosari bonde vachichinjana nechikafu.
Pamusoro pezvo, mushure mekunge masimba ekunze aisa zvirango kumabhanga eIran, varidzi vemafekitari nemabhizinesi havana kukwanisa kuendesa mari kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nemabhanga. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera kukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya. Mafekitari mazhinji akadzikira kana kudzima nekuti zvirango uye kutyisidzira kwehondo zvaita kuti dzisawana mari shoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashandi vakawandaโvakadzi kana varume vane mari dzavo dzinobata vanhukadziโvakadzingwa. Kuti tinzwisise zvizere zvanga zvichiitika kuvakadzi muIran, munhu anofanirwa kuonawo zviri kuitika kuvarume veIran. Nekuda kwezvirango zvehupfumi nezvimwe zvinhu, varume vekuIran vanowanzo shaya mabasa kana kushomeka.
I ndakabva kuIran muzhizha ra2004 ndokudzoka muna 2007. Pakushanya kwangu, ndakaona kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwevarume vaishanda sevatyairi vematekisi. Guta rangu, Gohardasht, iro raimbove rizere nedzimba dzekudhirowa, zvitoro zvembatya zvakanakisa, nemakofi nemaresitorendi anofadza, rakanga razara nezvitoro zvembatya dzakamboshandiswa uye maresitorendi ezvokudya zvinodhura zvakachipa asina pekugara. Kuma 6:00 PM waiona mhomho yevarume vaitengesa masokisi kana hembe dzemhando yakaderera mumigwagwa. Vazhinji vevarume ava vakave vanotengesa mumigwagwa mushure mekurasikirwa nemabasa emaindasitiri. Mumwe wavo akati kambani yavo haichakwanisa kutengesa chingamu nechokoreti kune dzimwe nyika dziri muPersian Gulf uye izvi zvakaita kuti arasikirwe nebasa. Waigona kunzwa kunyadziswa kwaiitwa nevarume ava, sezvo munzanga yeIran varume vanozviona sevane mutoro wekuriritira mhuri dzavo nemari. Kuvhiringika kwemari kwevarume kuri kuitika panguva imwe cheteyo nekuedza kwehurumende kuita kuti vakadzi vave vanababa nechinangwa chekuchengeta mhuri yakasimba, kuchengetedza โkukudzwaโ kwevakadzi, nekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Hurumende yakatanga zvirambidzo zvitsva zvinodzvinyirira pasi pezita reTarhe Amniyate Ejtemaie (Chirongwa cheSocietal Security). Mapurisa anosunga vakadzi nokuda kwekupoda-poda-poda-poda, mantoo mapfupi (hembe yehembe inopfekwa nevakadzi kuti vavhare muviri wavo), uye kunyange bhutsu. Pakave nechishuwo chakasimba chehurumende chekubatanidza hijab yevakadzi nekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda uye kusimba kwemhuri. Kunyange kutyisidzira kwehondo neIran kwave kuita kuti nyika iende kuhondo, vakadzi vanga vachisangana nekudzvinyirirwa kwechiuto nehurumende kumba.
Nadje Sadiq Al-Ali anotsanangura kuti, mumamiriro ezvinhu eIraq, zvirango zvakachinja hukama hwevakadzi nemabasa. Mhedzisiro imwecheteyo inoitika muIran nekuda kwedambudziko rezvemari uko zvirango zvehupfumi zvinopa. Muchirimo cha2007, ndakagara ndichinzwa kubva kuvakadzi, kusanganisira vakadzi vakadzidza, kuti vari kutsvaga murume anogona kupa rubatsiro rwemari kumhuri yavo yeramangwana uye asingazoroore neimwe nzira. Tsika dzewanano dzachinja kubva padzidzo, rudo, uye magariro evanhu kuenda kugadzikana mune zvemari zvachose. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune varume vanotsvakawo mudzimai ane baba vakapfuma vanogona kupa rubatsiro rwemari. Vagari veUS uye nyika dzeEurope vakasiyana: vanoonekwa sevadiwa vanodiwa nevarume nevakadzi veIran. Ndakabvunza shamwari yamukoma wangu Hiva kuti sei arikutsvaka murume anoshanda pamusika saka angangove akapfuma. Akapindura achiti munhu chaiye uye anoziva kuti pfungwa dzakaita serudo, dzidzo, uye chitarisiko chemuviri hazviisi chingwa patafura.
Muhofisi yachiremba wemaziso muKaraj, ndakasangana naFatemeh akandiudza kuti anga achishanda ipapo kwenguva yakareba. Fatemeh akanyunyuta nezvedambudziko rehupfumi, achindiudza kuti akange atengesa zvishongo zvake zvese zvegoridhe mushure mekunge murume wake adzingwa kuIran Khodro nekuda kwezvirango zvehupfumi. Pashure pokupedza zvishongo zvake zvose kuti atsigire mhuri yake, akanzwa asina kuchengeteka uye asina kuchengeteka. Kana mukadzi akatengesa goridhe rake kuti atsigire mhuri yake panguva yedambudziko, chinzvimbo chake chinova chisina kusimba uye chinotapukira. Apo vakadzi vanorasikirwa nerusununguko rwavo rwemari, vanova nyore nyore kune madzibaba.
Vanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi vekuIran vari kurwisawo kurambidza barika, sangano rinofarira varume vakapfuma. Zvirango zvehupfumi zvinoita kuti vanhu vasaita barika zviome nekuti majaya mazhinji haakwanise kuroora nekuvaka mhuri nekuda kwekushaya mabasa uye kukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya nedzimba. Avo vashoma vanowana pundutso kubva muzvirango, kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kutsigira mhuri mbiri kana kupfuura zviri nyore. Nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro emari, kuve mukadzi wechipiri wemurume atoroora isarudzo inonakidza kune vamwe vakadzi vasina kuroora varombo. Kusvika pamwero mukuru, kuve kwechokwadi kwemitemo yehurumende iyi kunobva mukunetsa kwehupfumi kuri kuitika muIran, uko kune zvirango zvinopa.
Kunyange hazvo zvirango zvehupfumi zvisingashande mukunetesa hurumende yavakange vachinangana nayo, chokwadi chekuti chinangwa chavo chekupfugamisa vanhu chinosemesa. Zvirango zvehupfumi hazvisi izvo zvine chekuita nehupfumi hweIran. Nekudaro, kuzvidzikisira, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye kusadzokera shure kunokonzeresa zvirango izvi kwakasiyana. Irani vanofunga kuti chimwe chinhu chinofanira kunge chisina kumira zvakanaka pavari, kuti vanokodzera kuparadzaniswa nehupfumi. Kamwe kamwe muganhu uri pakati pavo nehurumende unonyangarika. Munguva dziri nani, vaizozviparadzanisa vamene nehurumende uye, naizvozvo, kwete kurangarira zvisarudzo zvakaipa zvehurumende nokukanganisa kwavo pachavo. Panyaya yezvirango, vanhu vanomanikidzwa kupindura ivo pachavo kune zviito zvinonangana nehurumende yavo. Heano vanhu vanonyimwa kutengeserana nenyika dzekunze uye vanonzwa vadzingwe nemasangano ekunze. Iyi nzira yekunangana nevanhu veIran nemasimba ekunze inobatsira hurumende yeIran kuunganidza hurukuro yevavengi. Kana hurumende yeIran iine humbowo hwehupenyu hunoratidza huchokwadi hwehurukuro iyi, pfungwa yekuzivikanwa kweIranian inosiyana kubva kune yemuvengi inogona kufambiswa mberi nekusimbisa pfungwa yekuti "isu" maringe ne"ivo." Mhedzisiro yemusiyano uyu inogona kuve yekunamata kwakawanda munharaunda, kududzira kwakachengetedzeka kwemitemo yeIslam nevakuru vehurumende, kusarudzika kumashure kune pfungwa kana pfungwa dzinoonekwa se "kumadokero," uye kupa simba kune mamwe mapato anopokana ezvematongerwo enyika, akadai saosoulgerayan (fundamentalists) muIran. ndiani aizomira kune dzimwe nyika (vavengi).
Tkutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kunowanzoita kuti vanhu vabatane kubva muboka rose rezvematongerwo enyika uye kazhinji vanoisa nyaya dzevakadzi kumucheto. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutyisidzira kwehondo neIran, vazhinji vanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi vanorwira hondo vanosarudza kunyarara nechinangwa chekuchengetedza nyika uye kudzivisa kushoropodza kudzvinyirirwa kwevakadzi nehurumende. Avo vanosarudza kuenderera mberi nehondo yekodzero dzevakadzi vanowanzosungwa kana kutarisana nedzimwe mhando dzekudzvinyirirwa uye vanotorwa sevatsigiri vehumambo hweUS.
Vakadzi veIran vanobva kumakirasi akasiyana emagariro, kwaakarerekera, nhanho dzedzidzo, zvitendero, tsika dzemhuri, tsika nemagariro. Chero kuwedzeredza kunoedza kuita homogenize vakadzi veIran hakuzoite kururamisira kune kuwanda kwemafungiro avo, uye hazvizove chokwadi. Zvisinei, nekupindirana kwezvikamu zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvevakadzi veIranian, munhu anogona kufungidzira sangano reIranian revakadzi rinopikisa masimba ekunze (anti-imperialist, anti-occupation, anti-neocolonization, anti-sanctions, uye anti-war) pamwe chete. kusaruramisira kwomukati. Bato revakadzi vekuIran iri rinonyanya kuitika pasi pekududzirwa kudiki kwemitemo yeIslam uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ane hurume, izvo zvinonetsa kuwana nekutyisidzirwa kwehondo uye zvirango zvehupfumi.
Masimba ekunze anogona kubatsira vakadzi veIran nekutarisa kuipa kwekutyisidzira kwehondo, zvirango zvehupfumi, uye "shanduko yehurumende" mari ye "democracy." Hurumende yeIran inoona zviri pamutemo zvese izvi sekutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika. Sezvo nyaya dzevakadzi vekuIran dzichikurukurwawo nemauto ekunze, pane mhinduro isina kunaka kusangano rekodzero dzevakadzi nehurumende yeIran. Varwiri vekodzero dzevakadzi havagoni kushandura mitemo yerusarura kunze kwekunge hukama pakati pekuratidzira kwevakadzi nevekunze kwabviswa uye mamiriro ezvehupfumi avandudzwa kuvarume nevakadzi kuburikidza nekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika neupfumi. Izvo hazviitike kunze kwekunge kupindira kwekunze kwapera.
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Mina Khanlarzadeh anodzidzisa masvomhu nefizikisi paBenjamin Franklin Institute of Technology muBoston. Mufananidzo wemusoro naMina Khanlarzadeh.