David Adelson
Senhengo yeLocal Advisory Board
(LAB) yePacifica's KPFK (90.7 FM Los Angeles) ndinopomerwa mhosva
nekuyananisa kutaurirana kunoshanda pakati pechiteshi
uye neruzhinji. Mitemo yenguva refu inotadzisa nhaurirano ye
mutemo wemukati pamusoro pemhepo, zvino sezviri pachena kusanganisira a
kurambidza kuzivisa zviitiko zvakarongwa kukurukura zvakadaro
policy. Kupfuurirazve, mune memo yaChikunguru 12, 1995, mukuru
mutungamiriri wePacifica, Patricia (Pat) Scott, akanyora, "The
Local Advisory board inorairwa kuti isatore matanho
izvo zvinokanganisa zvirongwa zvevashandi vechiteshi. Nhengo dze
chero Bhodhi remunharaunda vasinganzwi kuti vanogona kubatsira Pacifica
mubasa razvino uno vanokurudzirwa kusiya basa. Kana varipo
zvinoratidza kuti zviito zviri kutorwa pamwechete kana
mumwe nomumwe kupikisa mitemo, mirairo, uye
mirairo yePacifica Board, Bhodhi richatora
matanho akakodzera." Asi pakati paJune Pacifica
National Board of Directors ichavhotera pachisarudzo
kugadzirisa mitemo yePacifica iyo, kekutanga, ichaita
kupa National Board ruzhinji kutonga kwebhodhi
composition. Shanduko iyi, pamwe chete nevamwe vazhinji varipo iye zvino
yakasimbiswa, inogona kunyanya kuona kuti Pacifica ichaitei
ichava mune ramangwana uye kune izvo zvinoguma pfuma yayo ichave
directed. Naizvozvo ndinoona zvakakodzera kupa izvi
mashoko pachena.
Zvimwe Nyaya
Muna 1949 Lew Hill, muQuaker uye
pacifist, pamwe chete neboka revanhu vanoramba kuita zvehana,
yakatanga pfungwa yakabudirira yeruzhinji runotsigirwa nevateereri
redhiyo neKPFA, 94.1 FM muBerkeley. Mune chinyorwa cha1951
ine musoro unoti "Theory of Listener-Sponsored Radio,"
Hill akabata kuti kune mazhinji eredhiyo, vanhu vacho chaizvo
inobatanidzwa mukutepfenyura (kusanganisira munyori, mainjiniya,
mugadziri, nezvimwewo) vaive nehukama hushoma kana husina
kumashoko ari kutepfenyurwa kana vateereri vanoagamuchira.
Kugadzirwa kweredhiyo kwakawanda kwaive chiitiko umo avo vanogadzira iyo
chirongwa chaive kugadzira chigadzirwa kuitira kuendesa vateereri
kune vanotsigira chirongwa ichi. Vabatsiri vanorayira
saka zvaive zvakakosha kune mhedzisiro. "Ndanga ndiri
kutsanangura chokwadi pamwero wevashandi veindasitiri; zviri
chaizvoizvo saka notorious mutsika yose uye mamiriro
yeredhiyo yedu kuti inodzivirira chero munhu ane tarenda rakakomba uye
hungwaru hunonzwisisika kubva pakupa zvinhu zvekutepfenyura, zvakawanda
kushoma kujoinha mudonzvo. Pfungwa dzepamusoro dzenyika ... dzivisai
pakati kunze kwekunge muridzi weimwe ari kumhanyirira
hofisi." Hill akanzwa izvozvo chete nekugadzira institution
iyo yaizotsigira hukama pakati peprogrammer uye
vateereri vaigona vateereri kuwana purogiramu yaibata
ivo uye zvinovanetsa sechidzidzo, kwete sechinhu chekutenga
kuve kushandiswa.Kuti ushumire basa iri, ruzhinji
redhiyo yaizoda kutiza matambudziko anofambiswa nemusika
zviri kutambudza nhepfenyuro zhinji. Rutsigiro rwevateereri rwaizopa iyo
tsime remari, nepo rusununguko rwemugadziri
sarudza chimiro chenhepfenyuro chinokwezva zvikuru
maartist uye vanofunga kuti vave programmers. Hill akacherechedzawo
kuti vashambadziri vanomanikidza kudiwa kwezviratidziro zvekuvimbika
kuenderana kuitira kuti vateereri vehukuru hunofungidzirwa vagone kuva
kuchengetedzwa. Nokudaro, njodzi yekukundikana pane imwe nguva inoratidzwa mukati
chero chiito chechokwadi chekugadzira hachigone kutenderwa nevashambadziri,
kuisa chiveve kufanana papakati. Hill akati,
zvisinei, kuti nzira zvinosanganisira okugadzira zvinhu uye
apo neapo kukundikana, kwaigona kubudirira kana vateereri vakanzwa a
hukama nenhepfenyuro zvichiita kuti vazive izvozvo
kutsungirira kumwe kukundikana kwaidiwa kuita zvine musoro
kubudirira kunogoneka.KPFA yakatanga kutepfenyura uye yakaita chaizvo
kukwezva huru hurongwa (uye imwe yakashata hurongwa), se
pamwe nerutsigiro rwevateereri. Hwaro hwakakura kuita network
inosanganisira zviteshi zvishanu zveFM - KPFA Berkeley (94.1), KPFK Los
Angeles (90.7), WBAI New York (99.5), KPFT Houston (90.1),
uye WPFW Washington, D.C. (89.3) - muhuwandu hunokwanisa kusvika
imwe mudzimba shanu dzeU.S., pamwe nevanopfuura makumi mashanu vanobatana mukati
makumi maviri nenomwe nyika, pamwe nePacifica Chirongwa Service uye
iyo Pacifica Radio Archive.Asi Hill haana kumbotaura kuti angaita sei
dzikamisa zvishuwo zvevagadziri vepurogiramu ne
zvido zvevamwe vanogadzira mapurogiramu uye neruzhinji rwakakura uye
saka hazvishamisi kukura kwePacifica kwave kuri
zvichiperekedzwa nekukakavadzana pamusoro pekuti ndiani anosarudza kuti ndiani angave
akapa rusununguko rwekuronga Hill akataura nezvayo, kwenguva yakareba sei,
uye pachikonzero chipi.
Hurumende
Pacifica hutongi hwagara huripo
kukakavara. Mubvunzurudzo yakabudiswa muna Kurume 1994 muZ,
Peter Franck akatsanangura chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo ye
hutongi hweKPFA.
CG: Wakaita Lou
Chikomo kuvaka chero zvimiro zvedemokrasi muKPFA
pakutanga, vaiva chii, chii chakaitika kwavari?PF Mubvunzo wakakosha. Lou
Chikomo chakamisa. Handizive zvese zvese - izvi ndizvo
zvandakaudzwa naElsa Knight Thompson: Paive ne
boka guru revashandi uye vanhu vemunharaunda vakasarudza
iyo Pacifica board. Ndiwo magadzirirwo akanga akaitwa. The
Pacifica board, munenge muna 1961, yakangoshandura mitemo kuti
zviite kuzvisimudzira. Yakazvichinja kubva ku a
bhodhi rakasarudzwa nevashandi nenharaunda iyi kune bhodhi iro
yakasarudza nhengo dzayo. FCC yakatonga kuti yaive
kuchinja zvisiri pamutemo kwevaridzi, asi hapana chavakaita
nezve izvo, havana kubhadharisa chiteshi, uye hapana akatora
mukana weiyo FCC kutonga kuipikisa. Yaiva a
shanduko chaiyo muchimiro. Chiono chegutsaruzhinji chea
hukama hwakananga pakati pevateereri uye chimiro che
chiteshi chakarasika.CG: Chii chaiva
kukurudzira kwekuchinja.PF: Ndinofunga kwaive kupandukira kwakanyarara. I
ziva Elsa Knight Thompson akagumbuka nazvo. At
panguva iyoyo, iwe waive nechiteshi chevashandi vaive vakanyanya kunyanyisa
uye murwi uye bhodhi iro raive rakanyanya-zvitsitsinho zvakanaka
vakasununguka, vaiona vashandi sevasina kugezwa
mass-ndiyo yaive imwe yesimba pakati pebhodhi
uye tsvimbo.
Handizivi, kubva kwandiri
ruzivo, kuti chimiro chekare ichi chakashanda sei. Pane
nguva dzose dambudziko rekuita kuti vanhu vemunharaunda vabatanidzwe mu
chiteshi kana munhu wese akabatikana, uye zvichikosha, iyo
chiteshi chinongova chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu hwavo. Pa
panguva imwecheteyo, kune kushorwa kukuru kunharaunda
kubatanidzwa pavashandi. Vazhinji vevashandi varipo
vanozvipira kana kuti vanobhadharwa mari shoma pane yavaizoita
kumwewo. Izvi zvinotungamirira kunzwa kwakasimba pakati pavo kuti
ndivo chiteshi, kuti ndivo varidzi vechiteshi, uye izvo
ndivo vanofanira kuita sarudzo.Iyo 1961 bumbiro remitemo harina,
zvisinei, bvisa masimba masimba omukati. Kusawirirana
yakaenderera uye muna 1984, Peter Franck, Mutungamiri we
Pacifica nheyo, uye vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana kubva ku
munharaunda uye mukati mePacifica vakasangana muSan Luis Obispo,
California kukurukura zvikonzero zvekuenderera mberi kukakavara
uye kupa mazano ekugadzirisa. Vakataura kuti "Pacifica
Network iri mudambudziko rakakura. Munguva yepasi rose
dambudziko, pachinzvimbo chekupindura zvakadzama uye nechido,
Pacifica iri kuzvichenesa pachayo yezvinhu zvayo zvakanyanya.
Careerism iri kutsiva kuzvipira. Simba muPacifica rine
kunyura mumaoko evashoma. Power block iyi,
kusazvidavirira kune ani zvake, [kuita] zvematongerwo enyika
nzira yekusarudza yekufirita uye yekubhadhara. Nzira ine
yavharwa nechisikirini cheutsi chekurwiswa nemunhu."
Vakaenderera mberi nekukakavadzana, ndizvo zvandinofunga, kuti "izvi
situation inogona kungovapo nekuda kwe basic
kushaya simba muchimiro chePacifica chiripo uye kushaikwa kwe
pfungwa yokuona uye nechinangwa.” Uye vakanga vanazvowo
mazano ekuchinja.
- "Mabhodhi echiteshi anofanira kuva
inoumbwa nedemocracy uye inomiririra
matunhu anodiwa nenhepfenyuro.
Vanofanira kunge vakazvimiririra zvachose kubva kune
chiteshi maneja uye anozvidavirira zvakananga kune avo
constituencies."- "Station manejimendi
inofanira kubva pakuita sarudzo dzakabatanidzwa
process. Vashandi (vanobhadharwa uye vasina kubhadharwa) vanofanira kuva
anomiririrwa pachiteshi chechiteshi."- "Final programming
Sarudzo uye mitongo inofanira kuitwa neve
vateereri uye nharaunda Pacifica inotsvaga
shandira."
Uku kuungana kwe1984 San Luis Obispo kwaive
zviri pachena kuti anoziva. Ongororo yaro ndeyechokwadi
kusasiyaniswa nekutsoropodza kwakawanda kuri kutungamirwa
kuPacifica nhasi. Mhinduro dzakataurwa muna 1984 ndeidzi
zvinocherechedzwa, uyezve, kwete chete kukudzwa kwavo nekuenderera mberi
relevance, asi nekuti mumwe wevakasaina izvozvo
gwaro raive Pat Scott, iye zvino CEO wePacifica uye
munhu ari pamwe pachinzvimbo chakanakisa chekuita zvakadaro
kuchinja, kana iye akaraswa zvakadaro. Zvisinei, zviripo
humbowo hunoratidza kuti kosi inopesana neiyo
yakarongwa muna 1984 naMs. Scott nevamwe gumi nevaviri vanosaina ndiyo
iri kuteverwa. Iko kushanduka kwechimiro chaScott
nokuda kwouchenjeri hutsva? Kana kuti uyu muenzaniso wesangano
ine chimiro chakakanganisika ichihaya vatsoropodzi vayo vekare uye ipapo
kukanganisa kuvimbika kwavo nenzwisiso? Kana Scott aizoita
zvikonzero zvekuchinja kwake pfungwa pachena, tese taizopinda
chinzvimbo chiri nani chekusarudza.
Kubva chii, chii?
"Kusvikira pakati pemakore makumi manomwe,"
Franck anoratidza, "Pacifica yaive kambani yakasununguka
amburera pamusoro pezviteshi zvishanu zvakasiyana. Around that
nguva, zviteshi zvakatanga kupinda mudambudziko, kunyanya
pamusoro penyaya dze accounting uye fiscal accountability, uye izvozvo
kwakasarudzwa kuti panofanira kuva nemukuru mukuru we
hwaro hwese kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviteshi zvaive
zvemari uye kuita zvinhu zvaifanira kuitwa
chengetedza rezinesi uye kudzivirira zviteshi kuti zvisawane
mudambudziko.” Nhepfenyuro dzacho dzakapa mari yokutsigira
iyo yepakati manejimendi uye chinzvimbo chePacifica CEO
yakasikwa. Panguva iyoyo, sezvo mari nokuda National
yakabva kuma station kusvika kucentral body, zviteshi zvaive
zvichiri nzvimbo dze "simba." Asi munguva yechando
deregulatory Reagan era, vatepfenyuri veveruzhinji vakapihwa iyo
kodzero yekurenda ma-sub-carrier frequencies yekutengeserana
chinangwa uye mari yezvirendi izvi zvakapihwa
Pacifica's central administration ine yakazvimirira
rwizi rwemari. Hazvishamisi kuti nzvimbo yesimba yakatanga
kuchinja zvinoenderana. Mumashoko akareruka chimiro iko zvino
sezvinotevera: Nyika ine mvumo yekuhaya nemoto
Mutungamiriri Mukuru, uyo, kubva muna 1995, anewo simba pamusoro pekubhadhara
uye kudzinga vatariri vechiteshi, avo vanovawo nesimba
pamusoro pezviteshi zvavo. Asi ndiani anonyora
Zvenyika?Iyo imwe lever yesimba iyo Local
Advisory Boards ichiri kubata, kwenguva iripo, ndiyo chaiyo
kudoma nhengo mbiri kubva muLAB yega yega kuenda kuNational Board. The
Nyika parizvino ine zvigaro gumi neshanu, gumi zvakazadzwa neLAB
"vamiriri" kubva kunhengo shanu nhepfenyuro,
uye nhengo shanu pa-hombe dzinosarudzwa neNyika pachayo.Nekudaro, hurongwa hwazvino, mu
izvo zvinosarudzwa nemabhodhi echiteshi chenzvimbo
ruzhinji rwakaumbwa rweNational Board of Directors, ndizvo
zvoda kuchinjwa. Chimiro chitsva chichava icho chimwe nechimwe
station advisory board ichadoma nhengo dzayo mbiri
bhodhi kuNational. Mumwe weizvi anofanira kunge ari munhu we
color. Iyo National ichabva yasarudza chimwe chezviviri izvi
nominees. VeNyika vachasarudzawo munhu mumwe chete kubva kune mumwe nemumwe
chiteshi chiratidzo nzvimbo uyo asiri paLAB kuve wechipiri
nzvimbo "mumiririri," uye achasarudzawo vashanu
nhengo huru. Chikumbiro saka chinopa National
Bhodhi, kekutanga, kutonga kwakananga pamusoro pevazhinji
(zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu) zvekuumbwa kwayo, uye sarudzo yekutonga pamusoro
chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chasara. Zvinangwa zvakataurwa zveshanduko iyi ndezvi
ku "kugadzira hurongwa hwekutonga hunobata
kuenzana pakati pezvipikiso zvenharaunda uye zvakajeka
Chiono chenyika kuitira kuti chitevedzere pane zvakafara
zvinangwa zvehurongwa hwehurongwa." Zvinofanirwawo kudaro
kufambisa kukwezva nhengo dzebhodhi renyika dzakanyatsokwanisa
tichiwana kuenzanisa kwemarudzi.Kubatsira Pacifica manejimendi uye
vatariri vechiteshi mukubata nemibvunzo uye zvichemo
nezve shanduko idzi dzehutongi izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvemuno
(mushandi) uye muteereri anopinza kune pedyo nil, Pacifica's
achangobva kupihwa basa, wekutanga zvachose Communications Director, Burt
Glass, akapa zano rePR nenzira yezvaakataura sea
"cheat sheet" inoparadzirwa seyakavanzika
memorandamu yaMarch 11, 1997. Glass akati: “Apo
hapana chinhu chiri mugwaro iri chisiri chechokwadi kana
kupomera mhosva, ndapota usaite uye ugogovera makopi kune
vamwe.” Mukupindura mibvunzo yokuti nei Pacifica iri
kuderedza nhamba yezvigaro paPacifica's board of directors
kunhengo dzedare remakurukota enzvimbo Glass anokurudzira kupindura
kuti "Huwandu hwevatungamiriri vebhodhi kubva kuvashanu vedu
nzvimbo dzechiteshi dzinoramba dzisina kuchinjwa. Muchokwadi, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvedu
bhodhi rinofanirwa kugara munzvimbo dzedu shanu dzechiteshi -
tichisimbisa kuzvipira kwedu kuramba tiri pedyo nezvido zve
radio community radio. Chetatu chebhodhi redu chichava
vakasarudzwa pakuru-kuru." Mhinduro yacho inopesana ne
kutamiswa kwesimba kubva kune zviteshi kuenda kune izvo zvinova a
kuzvitonga uye kuzvigadza National Board.
Girazi's "cheat sheet" ine zvakare yakakurudzirwa
mhinduro kumibvunzo pamusoro pemhosva iyo Pacifica ine
kubatanidzwa mumubatanidzwa-busting, shanduko mukusimbisa zvirongwa,
kusimudzira kugona pamusoro pedemocracy, shanduko dzakachinja dze
mari, nezvimwe nyaya. Izvi zvese zvinobatwa mu a
zvakafanana PR fashoni, kudzivisa nyaya chaidzo nevakangwara
rhetorical ploys. Iyo Glass "cheat sheet" yaive
zviri pachena zvakavanzika asi zvakaburitswa nekukasika
uye akaita kuti awanike kuboka revapikisi vakatsamwa
vanochengetedza webhusaiti (http://www.radio4all.org/freepacifica) yezvinyorwa zvehumbowo hwekutamburira pa
Pacifica. Saizvozvo, akati wandei mamwe magwaro akamakwa
zvakavanzika zvakaburitswa uye zvakatumirwa pawebhusaiti ino,
kunzvimbo imwe chete vateereri vanogona kuenda kunotora ruoko rwekutanga
ruzivo, kuratidza kuvepo kwekupokana kwechokwadi
pamatanho ese e institution.
Mazano maviri
Munhu anofanira kushamisika kana
nhaurirano dzeNational Board uye manejimendi epamusoro pamusoro
zvinhu zvakadai sevashandi vanobhadhara mubatanidzwa kana kuderedza democracy vane
pasina kupokana uye nekubatana, kana kuti vanga varipo
pane kusawirirana? Sezvo zvave zvisingaite
wana ruzivo rwakakwana nezve gakava remukati kuNational
mwero, pfungwa dzinotevera dzakapatsanuka, dzekufungidzira, uye
tentative. Kunyange zvakadaro, ivo vanotorwa kubva munhevedzano ye
zvirevo zvakaitwa nevamiriri veNyika veKPFK uye General
Maneja munzvimbo dzakasiyana mumwedzi minomwe yapfuura.Sezviri pachena, WBAI (New York) vanozvipira,
vagadziri vepurogiramu, vashandi, uye LAB vanga vasingabatike zvakanyanya
neshanduko dzinoitwa nePacifica manejimendi
kumanikidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, hurukuro dzakaitwa pa
danho renyika nezve mukana wekutengesa WBAI,
iyo ichangobva kufungidzirwa kuti yakakosha
mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe emadhora mumusika wenhau uchangobva kudzimwa.
Kutengeswa kwechiteshi, kana kwakurukurwa, sezviri pachena kwave
inotariswa maererano nekuchinjisa chiteshi, i.e. imwe chiratidzo mukati
ruzhinji chikamu che spectrum, zvisinei hazvo zvisina kusimba
uye nekusvika kushoma, aizowanikwa. Vakadaro a
kutengeserana kwaizochengeta Pacifica chiteshi muNew York uye mambure
hwaro mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza. Kuchinjana kwechiteshi zvakare
kupa mukana chaiwo we "kurasikirwa" zvakanyanya
intransigent WBAI vanhu, avo mune dzimwe nguva
akadzivirirwa nezvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa zvakasimba, kana kuti mubatanidzwa
pacharo. Hurongwa hwemakore mashanu hunoratidza,
"Pacifica inogovera kuzvipira kune vanosvika vashanu vakasimba
zviteshi zvemuno," asi haataure kuzvipira kune
zviteshi zvishanu zviripo.Dzimwe nhengo dzeNational Board dzakaita
vakapokana maererano nekurapwa kweWBAI uye zviri pachena izvi
kunetsana kwemukati kwave nechinzvimbo mukuramba kuripo kwe
chigaro chechishanu pahukuru paNational Board. Iva saizvozvo
inogona, mukana wekutengeswa kwePacifica Foundation
assets inomutsa mubvunzo wakakosha: Ndiani angadzora iyo
mari inobva mukutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakadaro? Kana iyo
hurongwa hwekuchinja hutongi hunotambirwa mwedzi uno, the
mhinduro yaizova: boka revanhu gumi nevashanu vane ruzhinji
kutonga pamusoro pekuumbwa kwavo, nhengo imwe chete muzvitatu
munhepfenyuro chaidzo, hapana zvakarongwa zvinongedzo kune
kuteerera, uye chinyorwa chegodo chekuchengetedza kwavo
kuvanzika mukuita sarudzo, kubata zvine hukasha
vanopikisa, uye kushandisa pfungwa dzevanhu kuti dzivanzike
kuve nechekuita neruzhinji zvine musoro. Kunyange dai pakanga pasina mumwe
vavariro, kutonga pamusoro peakaundi yebhangi yemari yemadhora mazana mapfumbamwe emamiriyoni
yaizopa kurudziro huru kune centralization, imwe
anogona kufungidzira. Sezviri pachena, kana maitiro azvino achienderera mberi, zvese
matunhu ePacifica anofanira kusiiwa asingakwanisi kuita
chero chinhu pamusoro pezvinhu zvakadaro asi tariro uye kuvimba kuti izvi
boka duku richa "ita chinhu chakanaka."Saka munhu anobata sei zvirikuitika
matauriro uye zvisarudzo? Kumuteereri, inenge
hazvigoneke kudzidza zvemukati marongero etiweki,
ndoda kutora chikamu mavari kana kuvafurira. Uyezve, mune yangu
hurukuro nevashandi vakasiyana-siyana vechiteshi uye vanogadzira mapurogiramu I
vakaona kuti naivowo havana chirevo che
nyaya dzakakura dzezvimiro zvinobatanidzwa, kunyangwe paine zvakajeka
pfungwa yokuti kushoropodzwa kwehutungamiri kune ngozi kana imwe
anoda kuchengetedza basa rake. Kunyangwe sedare remazano renzvimbo
nhengo, zvave kuda kusindimara uye kushingirira kuedza
kurwa kuburikidza nezvinoratidzwa neGirazi memo
kuedza nemaune kudzivirira kunzwisisa kune musoro
uye kubatikana. Chinhu chimwe chinodiwa zvakajeka
"vekunze" kuve neruzivo rwekufunga kuri kujeka
nezve Pacifica management logic.Pakati pePacifica
zvikonzero zvehutungamiri zvekupa hutungamiriri
nechiremera chikuru kupfuura nakare kose, ndiyo pfungwa ye
kuzvidavirira. Izwi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya neKPFK's National
Vamiriri veBhodi uye General Manager, uye zvinoratidzika
kazhinji mumamemoranda kubva padanho renyika (semuenzaniso
Girazi memo). Wese munhu anobvuma kuti Pacifica yakakura
sosi yakagadzirwa kwemakumi emakore nevanhu vazhinji uye yakakura
vateereri. Pfungwa yekuti vatambi vePacifica vanofanirwa kunge vari
kuzvidavirira pane kuva nekutonga kusingagumi pamusoro peizvi
midziyo yeruzhinji zvinorova zvine simba. Munhu wese
vanobatanidzwa padanho rega rega vanobvuma kuti vamwe vashoma
vega mapurogiramu, kana vashandi, kana vanozvipira havafanire
tungamira Pacifica zviwanikwa zvichibva pane yavo chete
zvido zvevanhu. Vagadziri uye vashandi vanofanira kunge vari
kuzvidavirira. Asi zvakadini nemamwe mamaneja mashoma kana enyika
nhengo dzebhodhi dzinotungamira Pacifica zviwanikwa zvakavakirwa
pazvido zvavo chete? Sei zvisiri izvo chete
zvakanaka, asi chinangwa chikuru?Kuchinja kwekutonga hakuitike
nzira yekuzvidavirira kana kubvisa nhengo dzeBhodi kana
vanoita zvinhu zvinokuvadza sangano kana izvo
zvinopokana nemamwe matunhu ePacifica. Quite the
zvinopesana. Shanduko idzi dzinovimbisa kuti National Board
inozvidavirira kwairi chete. Kuzvidavirira, mupfungwa
kuti iyo Pacifica manejimendi inoshandisa izwi, saka,
hairevi pfungwa inokudzwa inofanira kuvapo
Democracy zvinoreva kuti matunhu akakanganisika agadzirise
Pacifica, asi kune kugona kusingadzoreki kweiyo
hutongi hwekuita zvine hungwaru kuzadzisa izvo chete
inosarudza kuva basa rePacifica. Kana imwe
programmer kana mushandi munhu haasi kunyatso kushandira iyo
zvinangwa zvinotsanangurwa nehutungamiri, kuzvidavirira zvinoreva
kuti mugadziri kana mushandi anogona kukurumidza
kubviswa. Kuzvidavirira paPacifica zvinoreva rusununguko rwe
hutongi hushande sezvahunoda, pasina hutariri.
Iyi ingangovewo nyaya iri pamwoyo wePacifica
kukakavara kwemibatanidzwa kwakanyorwa zvikuru pamusoro payo;
manejimendi anoda kuve asina kuverengerwa sezvinobvira mukati
kusarudza kuti ndiani achaita nguvai, ndiani achapinzwa basa, uye ndiani
achadzingwa basa.Nhengo dzebhodhi dzinobvuma kuti chisarudzo
maitiro padanho ravo anga achinetsa nekuwirirana kwakawanda,
asi hapana nzira yekuziva kuti misiyano yaive yei.
Mumwe anoshamisika, semuenzaniso, kana nhengo dzeNational
Board uye manejimendi vakaedza zvakanyanya pa
kuwana dzimwe nzira dziri pamutemo dzeutongi hwejekerere,
hierarchical chimiro chiri kuisirwa, umo
chaizvoizvo simba rose rinogara nePacifica National mudonzvo uye
vatariri vechiteshi, pasina chero mhando dzecheki pane izvozvo
simba raizotungamirira kukuzvidavirira kwechokwadi. Kana zvakadaro, ndaizodaro
kuda kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvimwe zvirevo zvakatariswa uye nei
vakarambwa. Kana pasina imwe nzira
zvitsva zvakakurukurwa, ndinoda kuziva kuti nei zvakadaro
yakaonekwa se "nyanzvi" nzira yedambudziko
kugadzirisa.Nenzira yekutsanangura Pacifica
manejimendi anopokanawo kuti zvinhu zvanga zvichienda kumawere
Pacifica kwenguva yakati pamberi pekuedza kwazvino kuri kuchinja
zvatanga. Asi handisati ndanzwa
munhu-kutonga, vashandi, anozvipira, kana
"anopikisa" -ti KPFK pamberi peScott
hutungamiri hwaive nharaunda ine hutano uye yekugadzira. Nezvose
nhoroondo yaiva nzvimbo inoratidzwa zvinoshamisa
territoriality uye factionalism umo matauriro e
kusaremekedza kwainyanya uye kwaigara kuchiitika. Kushaikwa kwechimiro mukati
izvo hutungamiriri hwekugadzira hunogona kushandura kuita mutemo
vakaremara budiriro yakanaka, uye administrative uye
tekinoroji masisitimu akange ari rudimentary zvachose. Asi nguva
maonero emamiriro ezvinhu asati asvika Scott ari
universal negative, izvi hazvina musoro
kururamisa iko zvino kuisa hutongi hwejekerere
hurongwa hwekuita sarudzo.The Scott administration akapinda mukati
kushayikwa kwakagadzirwa nekusavapo kwehutano hwehutano.
Vanhu chaivo vakaonekwa sezvikonzero zve
kusagoneka kwekuchinja kwakanaka, uye manejimendi akaita
zvine mutsindo kuita kuti vanhu ivavo vabviswe, kazhinji ne
rutsigiro rwevazhinji vakasara. Vatsoropodzi veScott
manejimendi zvakafanana anowanzo ratidza chaiwo
vanhu semabviro okusaruramisira. Sekuona kwangu, zvakadaro,
hapana yezvinzvimbo izvi inotsanangura nemazvo
mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvose zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekunge Amai Scott vakanzi CEO,
Matambudziko ePacifica aive akanyanya mhedzisiro ye
maitiro, kwete "vanhu vakaipa." Pamberi
Scott, semuenzaniso, pakati pemamwe matambudziko nzira dzakakwana dze
zvinobudirira uye zvinogutsa arbitrating misiyano vaiva
kushaya. Zvadaro, pane kugadzirisa izvi nezvimwe
matambudziko nenzira dzinoenderana nekugadzira democracy
sangano, hurongwa hwehutongi hwakaiswa. Kwete
Zvinoshamisa kuti hondo dzemunhu oga uye mhirizhonga zvinoramba zviripo, zvakadaro
iye zvino anoratidzwa zvakasiyana, zvakadai sezvinotyisa
"screw you" memo kubva kuNational Program Director
Gail Christian akatumira kuWBAI programmer Mario Murillo, iyo
yakakonzera Alexander Cockburn kuputsa kunyarara kwake pamusoro
Pacifica mukati The Nation.Pacifica inokwezva zviwanikwa pa
hwaro hweimwe chiono chezvaizofanira kuita
kuwana kururamisira kwevanhu. Kana Pacifica isingadi
ita kuti zvinotepfenyurwa nePacifica zviteshi zvishande kumba,
ipapo kuedza kwese hakuite basa rekuita mukati
kunyengera?
Migumisiro pamhepo
Pasinei nekutaurwa kakawanda nezvePacifica's
Strategic 5-year plan, ini handisati ndataura zvakanyanya
zvakakosha zvinhu. Urongwa hunoitirwa kugadzira imwe
network ine simba inokwanisa kugovera chigadzirwa chayo zvakanyanya
zvakafara, uye nekuita inishuwarenzi chigadzirwa chekuwedzera nyanzvi
kunaka kukwezva uye kubata vanhu vazhinji vaanosvika,
zvese mubasa rekusimudzira "positive social
shanduko." Mukati, chinangwa ndechekuwedzera zviwanikwa
(mari) uye kushandisa izvo zviwanikwa zvakanyanya mu
kusikwa nekugoverwa kwechigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro.
"Professionalizing" zvese iyo institution uye iyo
chigadzirwa hachifungidzirwe kuve nemhedzisiro pane zvirimo, chete pa
form. Zvisinei, kuchinja uku mufomu kunofanirwa
shandura zvakanyanya nhanho dzevateereri nerutsigiro. Democratic
nzira dzekutarisa hadzipo muurongwa.
PaKPFK akati wandei matanho atovepo
yakatorwa kuti ienderere mberi nezvinangwa uye mazano anoratidzwa mukati
chirongwa chemakore mashanu. Pamberi penguva yeKPFK GM yazvino,
Mark Schubb, chirongwa chechirongwa chakatarisana nekusiyana kwe
vateereri. Kunyanya, vateereri vakasiyana vaizoteerera
imwe show uye kunze kune inotevera. Hurongwa hwepurogiramu hwaive
fragmented. Shanduko dzakaitwa mukuronga uye kuronga
kubvira ipapo vakabudirira kuwedzera maawa ekuteerera
(nounyanzvi, Avhareji Quarter Hourly, kana AQH), nepo iyo
nhamba yese yevateereri vanoridza muchiteshi pane vamwe
point mukati mevhiki (iyo CUME) yakadzikira zvishoma. Izvi
matanho akakosha sezvaanoenderana neanoshandiswa
sarudza Sangano rePublic Broadcasting (CPB) rinoenderana
mari uye pamwe zvakare spectrum kugoverwa seanalog FM
kutepfenyura kunotsiviwa nenhepfenyuro yedhijitari. Asi mumwe ane
kushamisika kana nyaya yemanhamba emaawa ashandiswa
kuteerera kana nhamba yevanhu vanoteerera inofanira kuva
Mageji chaiwo ekubudirira kwePacifica zviteshi. Chii
nezve kunaka kwechiitiko chekuteerera? Zvakadini ne
kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwunopihwa? Kana mumwe ari
musika inofambiswa, gumi muzana zvimwe (vatengi oriented) vateereri
iri nani pane gumi muzana mashoma ane 100% kana 500% zvimwe
ruzivo runobatsira uye rwezvematongerwo enyika kune avo
vanoteerera.Kuzvimirira kwezvemari kwePacifica ndiko
inoonekwa seyakakosha munhaurirano dzese uye memoranda dzandinadzo
kusangana. Ichokwadi kuti kana iyo institution
haigone kurarama nemari, haigone kushandira vateereri vayo mukati
chero nzira inobatsira zvachose. Asi semaonero angu, Pacifica's
kuzvimirira mune zvemari ndiko kusingadikanwi zvikuru kana zvichireva
kusununguka kubva kutsigirwa nevateereri uye kupindura saLew
Chikomo akafunga nezvazvo. Chinonyanya kudiwa ndizvo chaizvo
Kutsamira kwePacifica, nguva dzese, pairi
vateereri-vatsigiri. Kudzokera kuChikomo: "Chero munhu anogona
nzwisisa chikonzero chekutsigirwa kwevateereri - izvo
kunze kwekunge chiteshi ichitsigirwa nevanochikoshesa, hapana
vanogona kuiteerera, kusanganisira vaya vanoikoshesa. Asi kupfuura
izvi, kutumira mukunyorera, izvo zvinoita
haufanirwe kutumira kunze kunze kwekunge munhu achinyanya kuda, zvichireva
rudzi rwekuita zvetsika, sevamwe vazivi veFrance
ridaidze, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha nekuda kwe
tsika yose." Heinoi pfundo guru: the
kubatanidzwa kwevateereri izvo zvakakosha kune
nokuda kwetsika dzose. Muchiitiko ichi, hazvisi nyore
mari yakawanda inodiwa. Kuenda nenzira iyoyo kurasika. Chii
chinodiwa kubatanidza nharaunda muhondo yekutsanangura
kana kugona kukwikwidza mumuenzaniso wemusika chii
ichasarudza kurarama kwezviwanikwa zvevashandi vehurumende.
Saka, avo vane hanya nemukana wePacifica
kuzadzisa chipikirwa chayo hakungofanire kuita chete kuita kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chakadaro
anopona matambudziko aripo kubva mukati, asi kuedza
kubva kunze pakuiisa pairi inoparadza
mitemo.
Alternatives
Tichifunga mashoropodzo angu emazuva ano
chimiro, ndinonzwa ndichimanikidzwa kupa dzimwe nzira dzinogona kuitika.
Zvimwe zvikumbiro zvinogona kuwedzera chokwadi
kuzvidavirira uye kuunza vateereri muchiitiko a
pfungwa chaiyo pasina kukanganisa simba rekutungamira
kuita shanduko dzinodiwa, zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kuchengetwa kwegwaro rekuti a
2/3 yakawanda yezvigaro zveNational Board inosarudzwa
neLocal Advisory Boards,- Kuita ruzhinji rweMunzvimbo
Advisory Boards anosarudzwa nevateereri-vatsigiri
pamunhu mumwechete vhoti imwe chete ine proportional
kumiririra, uye kuva nedzimwe nhamba dzeMunharaunda
Advisory Board zvigaro zvinosarudzwa nevashandi,
programmers uye/kana vanozvipira, uye- Instituting a weekly or
biweekly redhiyo chirongwa panguva iyo yemukati
mitemo, inonzi "tsvina yekuwachira,"
inogona kukurukurwa naGeneral Manager,
Chirongwa Maneja uye boka reAdvisory Board
nhengo dzinogona, semuenzaniso, kupindura
mibvunzo yevateereri.
Sezvingatarisirwa kuti mazano aya anopesana
zvishuwo zvazvino zvekutarisira, uye zvakawanda zvenguva refu
vacherechedzi vePacifica vanogona kuzvitenda kuti hazvishande. Zvimwe
mhinduro dzinogona kuva dzepamusoro, asi chero ipi zvayo inofanira kusanganisira imwe fomu
yekuzvidavirira zvakananga kumuteereri kunze kwe
kuzvidavirira kunobva murusununguko rwevateereri kwete
teerera uye kwete kugovera. Pacifica yakakosha zvakanyanya
institution yekupa chete iyi "negative" lever. Isu
vakasunungukawo kusatenga shangu dzeNike, asi pasina imwe nzira
zivisa kushungurudzwa kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwavo, Nike
ichagara ichiwana musika unoda. Vatereri-vatsigiri vanofanira
vane dzimwe nzira dzekupesvedzera mutemo, kusanganisira iyo
kukwanisa kuziva zviri kuitika uye kuva nemazano avo
zvakanyatsofungwa. Kugadzirwa kwemaitiro akadaro kunofanira
chengetedza kuti haisi kukanganisa kana kukurira, asi
vanofanira kupa vateereri mwero wakati wesimba chairo. As to
kupokana kuti maitiro akadaro haabatsiri, ndinopindura
kuti vangave vasina hunyanzvi pachinangwa chekugadzira a
redhiyo chigadzirwa chinokwanisa kukwezva zvakakura zvinogoneka
vateereri. Nekudaro, ichitevera Lew Hill, iyi mhando yemhinduro
inogona kunge iri nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekugadzira vateereri ne
inzwa kuti maonero avo nezviito zvavo zvine zvazvinoreva uye
zvinoreva, uye semhedzisiro inogona kunge iri nzira inoshanda kwazvo ye
kukurudzira "positive social change." Sezvingatarisirwa, I
ziva kuti mazano akadai ari kutyisidzira vanhu
nhanho imwe neimwe yehutungamiri huripo, kuitira kuti ivo
zvisingaite kuti zviitwe zvega neaya akafanana
vanhu. Chinodiwa, naizvozvo, ikurukurirano yakasununguka
uye nharo, uyezve imwe nzira yekupindira kubva kunze
pachinzvimbo chezvinofambira mberi uye vateereri zvakafanana. Ndine
nguva dzose yakapiwa mari kuPacifica kwete kungobhadhara chete
programming, asi nekuti ndainzwa kuti ndiri kubatsira kune a
akasiyana-siyana institution. Ndakadavira mashoko acho
Pacifica inotepfenyura nezve izvo zvinodikanwa kumisikidza a
nzanga chete uye ndakatenda Cornel West paakataura
Pacifica kuti dambudziko guru renzanga yedu ndiro
kusakwanisa kwevanhu vemazuva ose kubvunzurudza simba. Avo avo
sarudza kusaita kuti vanzwe maererano nePacifica
ramangwana rinogona kuzvinyaradza neruzivo rwakakura
vateereri vachakwanisa kudya imwe nyanzvi uye
yakavimbika redhiyo chigadzirwa chinopa zvinoyemurika zvinoyemurika (zvirinani
munguva pfupi) izvo zvinoita kunge zvisingashande.Dr. Adelson itsvakurudzo
neurophysiologist ku UCLA. Anga ari munhu anozvipira pa
KPFK 90.7 FM Los Angeles, uye parizvino inhengo ye
its Local Advisory Board. Anogona kuwanikwa neemail pa [email inodzivirirwa]Hutongi
shanduko dzatsanangurwa pano dzichavhoterwa pane inotevera
musangano wePacifica National Board of Directors
yakarongwa muna Chikumi 13-15 kuOakland Marriot, Oakland,
CA.