Kuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza kubva mukare uye kuenderera mberi kwekucherwa kwegoridhe muEl Salvador, Guatemala neHonduras kwamutsa bato rinotyisa reSalvador iro rave kudzidzisa nekuronga nharaunda kurambidza zvachose kucherwa kwesimbi muEl Salvador. Mukupindura, makambani akaita seCanada's Pacific Rim neMilwaukee, Wisconsin-based Commerce Group akamhan'arira hurumende yeSalvador ichiedza kumanikidza nyika kuendesa - uye kubuda mukubhadhara kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwavakatokonzera.
Mhosva yeCommerce Group yakakurudzira kuumbwa kweMidwest Coalition Against Lethal Mining (MCALM), boka reWisconsin-based rinoshanda kudzidzisa nharaunda mudunhu rese neMidwest pamusoro pezvinoparadza zvinokonzerwa nemigodhi yepasi rose muEl Salvador. Tichitora pamakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi ekuronga kurongeka kune kwaakabva muhondo yevagari veSalvador ye1980s, MCALM yakagadzirwa nevarwi veUS-El Salvador Sista City Network, uye kunyanya iyo Madison-Arcatao Sista City Project.
Kufanana neEl Salvador, Wisconsin yakatyisidzirwa nemugodhi wesimbi wakavhurika muhombe pedyo neLake Superior nenzvimbo huru yasara yemupunga paBad River Ojibwe Reservation (ona โResisting Resource Colonialism in the Lake Superior Regionโ Z Magazine, Gunyana 2011). Bad River Ojibwe Tribe yakatungamira vanopikisa uye vakaumba mubatanidzwa wemadzinza gumi nerimwe eWisconsin, nharaunda dzenharaunda uye nharaunda yenharaunda nekuchengetedza. Musi wa 11 Kukadzi, mushure memakore mana ekufuratira kupokana nesangano reIndia pamusoro pekusakwanisa kucherwa munzvimbo ine matoro akakura, Gogebic Taconite akabvuma kuti chirongwa ichi hachikwanisike uye akadhonza plug pachirongwa chemugodhi.
Chikamu chikuru chekubudirira kwekurwisa kweBad River Ojibwe kunobva mukukwanisa kwavo kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kune mamwe mafambisirwo ekurwisa kuchera migodhi sekurwisa kwakabudirira kumugodhi weCrandon muWisconsin (ona โThe Crandon Mine Sagaโ Z Magazine, Kukadzi 2004) uye sangano rinopesana nemigodhi muEl Salvador (ona "Salvadorans Resist Gold Mining" Z Magazine, Gumiguru 2006 uye "Kuramba CAFTA uye Metal Mining muEl Salvador, Z Magazine, Chivabvu 2010). Nerubatsiro rweMCALM, Bad River Ojibwe yakaunza Kenia Ortez, gweta kubva munharaunda diki yevarimi yeSan Sebastian, El Salvador kuti ataure nenhengo dzedzinza rake pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kubva kumugodhi wegoridhe weCommerce Group munharaunda yavo. โTinongoda kukuudzai kuti hatidi kuti chero nzanga ipi neipi, kana vanhu vapi zvavo, vatambure nezvatakatambura nokuchera migodhi.โ
San Sebastian Gold Mine Pollution
Boka reCommerce rakashandisa mugodhi wegoridhe weSan Sebastian kubva muna 1972-1978. Mugodhi wakaramba wakavharwa munguva yehondo yevagari vemuSalvador (1980-1992). Iyo kambani yakatangazve kuchera kubva 1995-1999. Vagari veko vanopomera Commerce Group nekusvibisa Rwizi rweSan Sebastian uye tafura yemvura yakatenderedza ine arsenic uye heavy metal uye kushandura rukova ruvara rwecranberry juice.
Muna 2012, Salvadoran Ministry of the Environment yakaona kuti Rwizi rweSan Sebastian rwaive nekapfumbamwe muganhu unogamuchirwa wecyanide uye nechuru zvakapetwa kane chiyero chepamutemo chesimbi mumvura inoshandiswa nevanhu. Kusvibiswa kwerwizi urwu kwave kuita kuti vagari vemunzvimbo inotambura iyi vabhadhare mari yekutakura marori mumvura yekunwa. Kunyange hazvo mhuri zhinji dzisinganwi mvura yerwizi urwu, kune dzimwe mhuri dziri muhurombo hwakanyanya zvekuti hadzina zvekuita kunze kwekushandisa rwizi urwu. Mamwe manyuko emvura anobva mumatsime anewo tsvina. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nhengo dzenharaunda dzinotambura nehuwandu hwekutadza kweitsvo uye zvimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita nearsenic uye chepfu yesimbi. Kuchinja kwemvura kunokonzerwa neacid mine drainage โ kemikari inogadzirwa kana ma sulfide ari mumarara aiswa mumhepo nemvura kuti abudise sulfuric acid uye kuburitsa simbi dzinorema senge arsenic, lead nemercury pamusoro uye pasi pemvura. Mvura yemugodhi weasidhi muRwizi rweSan Sebastian inotangira murukova rwuri pamusoro pemusha weSan Sebastian, padyo nemugodhi wakasiiwa wegoridhe uko kambani yakarasira tsvina yemugodhi wayo.
Commerce Group Inomhan'arira "Yakarasika Purofiti"
Muna 2006, El Salvador yakanzura mvumo yeCommerce Group yekuchera zvicherwa nekutadza kutevedza mutemo wezvemigodhi wenyika pamugodhi wayo wegoridhe weSan Sebastian. Mukutsiva, Commerce Group yakamhan'arira hurumende yeEl Salvador pasi pemumiriri wekunze "dziviriro" iri muCentral America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), ichida madhora zana emamiriyoni emuripo kubva kuhurumende yeSalvador, kusanganisira "yakarasika purofiti. โ Kambani iyi yaidawo kodzero yekuti mugodhi uyu uvhurwe zvakare sezvido zvehurumende.
Nekudaro, maererano nemagwaro akaiswa neUS Securities and Exchange Commission, kambani iyi yakanga yatomira kushanda kweEl Salvador pamberi, muna Zvita 1999, ichitaura nezvematambudziko emari, kusanganisira kubhuroka, sechinhu chikuru muchisarudzo chekumisa mashandiro. MCALM yakadana dare iri kuyedza kunyomba kwekambani isina kubudirira kushandisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kuti iite mari yavakatadza kuita nenzira dziri pamutemo.
Muna Kurume 2011, World Bank's International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) yakarasa nyaya yeCommerce Group nekuti kambani iyi yakamhan'ara nyaya dzemumatare panguva imwe chete mumatare emo muEl Salvador. Commerce Group yakakwidza nyaya iyi asi muna Nyamavhuvhu 2013, kambani haina kukwanisa kubhadhara mari yaidiwa kuti irambe ichikwidza nyaya nekudaro nyaya yakavharwa.
Bad River Ojibwe Join the International Delegation
โIsu tinomira padivi nevanhu veEl Salvador nhasi uye tovaudza kuti manzwi edu awedzerwa kune avo. Kutenda kwedu kuti vanoita sarudzo dzehurumende, mitemo, nemitemo yeruzhinji vanofanira kuremekedza kuti kodzero yekuchenesa mhepo, ivhu nemvura kuvanhu yakakosha kudarika purofiti kune vane simba. " MunaGunyana 2014, Aurora Conley, nhengo yeBad River aishanda mubazi rezvemitemo rerudzi uye Mutevedzeri waSachigaro weEnvironmental Protection Alliance yerudzi akabatana nenhumwa dzepasi rose kuti dzidzidze nezvenhaka inoparadza yemugodhi muEl Salvador, kusangana nevatungamiriri vanopikisa migodhi uye vaone. chirongwa chenhoroondo yekubvunza nharaunda kugadzira zvisungo zvemanisipala zvinovharisa migodhi. Conley akanga akanyatsokodzera kuita basa iri. Akange ari mubatsiri mukuru weWhite Earth, Minnesota Ojibwe activist Winona La Duke kwemakore matatu uye ainyatsoziva kuparara kwezvicherwa munyika dzeNative America.
Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, akashamiswa kuona urombo hwevanhu vaakashanyira muSanta Rosa de Lima, nzvimbo yemugodhi wegoridhe weSan Sebastian. โMvura iri murwizi rweSan Sebastian ine orenji yakapenya ichibva mumugodhi weacid mugodhi asi ndakaona vana vachituhwina murwizi uye mumwe mukadzi achichera mvura murwizi. Mvura iyi inoshandiswawo kuwacha mbatya nekudiridza zvirimwa. Mudzimba dzavo hamuna mvura yemupombi. Ndakarwadziwa ndichiona mashura avari kutotarisana nawo uye kuti kambani iuye iparadze zvainge zvasara zvisina kucheneswa kana kutarisa nezveupenyu hwemunhu. Mvura hupenyu uye kusvibiswa kwavo uye nharaunda dzine muchetura zvaishungurudza kuziva. Uye ndakafunga kuti kusvibiswa kwakadaro kunogona kuitika kudzinza rangu kana tikasashanda kuti tizvidzivirire.
Pacific Rim's El Dorado Project muCabanas
Nzvimbo yechipiri yenhumwa dzevacherechedzi vepasirese yaive nharaunda yeSan Isidro uko kunetsana pamusoro pemugodhi mukuru wegoridhe wakarongwa nePacific Rim Mining Corporation (Pac Rim), kambani yeCanada-based multinational femu, yaunza gakava renyika pamusoro pezvakakanganisa nharaunda mukuchera. muEl Salvador. San Isidro idhorobha riri padyo nemugodhi wegoridhe weEl Dorado uri kuchamhembe-pakati pedhipatimendi reCabanas. Mugodhi wepasi pevhu wakarongwa waizoshandisa mvura yakawanda nematani ecyanide kuburitsa goridhe kubva mune orebody. Ruzhinji rwevagari vemuCabanas varimi vanorarama nekurima vanovimba nemvura yakachena uye pasi pevhu pakunwa, kugeza nekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo nemhuka. El Salvador yatotarisana nedambudziko guru remvura. Mushumo weWorld Bank wa2006 unofungidzira kuti zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvemvura dziri pamusoro peEl Salvador zvine utachiona, uye 90 muzana yemvura inoraswa nekanzuru uye 98 muzana yemvura inoraswa mumaindasitiri inorasirwa munzizi nehova dzeEl Salvador pasina kurapwa (El Salvador, Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure). โ Strategy Report No. 90-SV).
Mugodhi uyu uri pamvura yerwizi rukuru rweEl Salvador, Rio Lempa, uchipa mvura isina kusvibiswa kweinoda kusvika hafu yevanhu veEl Salvador vane mamiriyoni matanhatu, kusanganisira vagari veguta guru, San Salvador.
Kupikisa kwepanzvimbo kuPac Rim kwakatanga nguva pfupi mushure mekunge kambani yatanga kuchera matsime ekuongorora panzvimbo yakazvimirira pasina mvumo. Apo vanhu vaiva pedyo nematsime ekuongorora vakatanga kuona mvura yakasvibiswa uye kuderedzwa kwemvura yezvirimwa uye kushandiswa kwevanhu, kushorwa kwakawedzera.
Kana vagari venzvimbo iyi vaisangana nezvakashata zvakadaro padanho rekuongorora, vainetsekana zvikuru kuti chii chingaitika kana mugodhi ukabvumidzwa. Vatungamiri venharaunda vakashanyira kucherwa kwegoridhe muGuatemala neHonduras uye vakaona matambudziko ekusvibiswa kwemvura, kushaikwa kwekubvunza veruzhinji, kushaikwa kwekuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu veko uye kudzoka kwehupfumi kunharaunda dzeko.
Muna 2005, nhengo dzenharaunda dzakaumba Komiti yeEnvironmental yeCabanas, yakabatana nemamwe masangano emasangano akazvimirira ndokuumba National Roundtable against Mining muEl Salvador (La Mesa). Muna 2005, Pac Rim yakaendesa ongororo yezvakatipoteredza (EIA) kuhurumende yeMutungamiri Tony Saca webato rekurudyi reNationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA). Asi bazi rinoona nezvezvakatipoteredza uye zviwanikwa rakanyima kambani iyi mvumo nekuti yakundikana kupa EIA yakakwana uye kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinodiwa pakupa mvumo yekuchera zvicherwa.
Zvichakadaro, La Mesa yakaronga mushandirapamwe wenyika kurwisa chirongwa cheEl Dorado uye yakamanikidza kurambidzwa kwekuchera goridhe. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakakunda zvakakosha apo Chechi yeKaturike yeEl Salvador yakapa chiziviso muna 2007 ichipokana nekucherwa kwegoridhe muEl Salvador, ichitaura nezvekukuvara kungangoitika kumvura, maruva nemhuka uye hutano hweveruzhinji. Muna Kurume 2008, Mutungamiri Saca vakazivisa kuti vakanga vaisa "kumisa kutonga" pamvumo dzemigodhi.
Pac Rim Inokwidza El Salvador Nekutadza Kubvumidza Kuchera
Muna Kubvumbi 2009, Pac Rim akamhanโarira hurumende yeSalvador nemari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemanomwe emadhora pasi pemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwevarimisi veCentral American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) nekusapa kambani mvumo yekubira migodhi. Mhosva yakawedzera kusvika pamadhora mazana matatu emamiriyoni muna 77 apo kambani yekuAustralia Oceana Gold yakawana Pac Rim. El Salvador inotaura kuti kambani haina kungoshaya zvibvumirano zvezvakatipoteredza zvepurojekiti, asi kuti yakanga isiri yavo, kana kuti iine kodzero kune yakawanda yevhu yakavharwa nechikumbiro chayo chebvumirano. Asi nyaya iyi haingori gakava pakati pePac Rim nehurumende yeEl Salvador. Sezvakataurwa naMarcos Orellana weCentre for International Environmental Law (CIEL) muchidimbu cheshamwari yavo yedare (amicus curiae), "Mumhan'ari [Pac Rim] ari kushandisa danho iri kuwana mukana mune izvo zvisiri zvegakava riripo pakati paro. neRepublic [El Salvador], asi pakati payo nenharaunda dzakazvimiririra dzakazvimiririra dzakamukira mapurojekiti eClaimant, kureva, La Mesa.โ Uyezve, Pac Rim ikambani yeCanada uye haikodzeri kuisa sutu pasi peCAFTA nekuti Canada haisi kusaina kuCAFTA. Kuti atenderere ichi chirambidzo, Pac Rim yakamhan'ara kuburikidza neReno, Nevada- yakavakirwa subsidiary iyo yakawana isati yaisa sutu. Hunyengeri uhu hahuna kushanda uye International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), dare rakavanzika reWorld Bank rekupokana, rakarasa nyaya iyi.
Zvakangodaro, ICSID yakabvumidza kambani kuenderera mberi pasi pemutemo wekudyara weSalvador wagara wapera waipa makambani mukana kumatare epasi rose. El Salvador yakagadzirisa mutemo wayo wekudyara gore rapfuura, ichida kuti makambani ane zvichemo apinde mumatare emuno kwete kumatare epasi rose. Uyu mutemo haushande retroactively uye hauna mhedzisiro pane yazvino nyaya.
Varatidziri veEl Salvador vanobva kuLa Mesa vakaenda kuWashington, DC munaKurume 19 kunoratidzira kumuzinda weWorld Bank uko ICSID iri kufunga nezvemhosva yakaunzwa kuhurumende yavo neOceana Gold. Vidalina Morales akataura akamiririra La Mesa achiti: โHatisi kuda kurega hurumende yeSalvador ichibhadhara dhora rimwe chete. Ndiyo kambani yemugodhi inofanirwa kubhadhara El Salvador nekutyorwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kodzero dzevanhu. Matare aya anongodzivirira zvido zvemakambani makuru, kwete vanhu veEl Salvador. " Mutongo unotarisirwa muna Chikumi 2015.
Nyaya ye investor-state gakava rekugadzirisa (ISDS) inoenda kure kupfuura CAFTA neEl Salvador. Makambani emarudzi akawanda ari kudaidza ISDS pese paanosangana nekupokana nemapurojekiti ekuchera zviwanikwa apo hurumende dzinosimbisa kodzero yadzo yekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Maererano neshumo ichangoburwa kubva kuWashington, DC-based Institute for Policy Studies, ye137 yekutengeserana chibvumirano chekutengesa nyaya dzakamirira pamberi peICSID, makumi mana nematatu nyaya dzine chekuita nemafuta, migodhi kana gasi (Mining for Profits in International Tribunals: How Transnational Corporations Shandisa Zvibvumirano Zvekutengeserana uye Zvekudyara seMaturusi Ane Simba Mukukakavadzana Pamusoro peOiri, Migodhi uye Gasi).
Sezvo hutongi hwaObama huyedza kuwedzera kodzero dzemakambani aya nechiremera che "fast track" yezvibvumirano zvakakura zvekutengeserana zvinozivikanwa seTrans-Pacific Partnership uye Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, Mumiriri weUS Mark Pocan (D-WI) ne12 House. MaDemocrat akaunza HR 967: Kudzivirira America's Changamire Act. Mutemo uyu waizorambidza kugadzikana kwevarimisi-nyika muzvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. "Zvirongwa zveISDS zvinogona kuderedza hutano hweUnited States, kuchengeteka, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kana vakaramba vari chikamu chezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana mune ramangwana, kusanganisira Trans-Pacific Partnership," akadaro Rep. Pocan.
A Strategic Terrorism Campaign Yakanangana Nevanopikisa Migodhi
Pakangoiswa sutu yePac Rim, mhirizhonga yakawedzera kune vanopikisa migodhi muCabanas. Mupikisi wekutanga wemugodhi kunangwa aive Marcelo Rivera, mutsoropodzi wechirongwa cheEl Dorado uye murongi wenharaunda. Marcelo akapambwa akapondwa muna Chikumi 2009. Mutumbi wake pawakazowanikwa mutsime rakasiiwa wairatidza zviratidzo zvekurwadziswa zvinofananidzira kuurayiwa kweDeath squad mumakore ehondo yevagari vemo.
Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, vamwe vaviri vanopikisa migodhi vakaurayiwa. Ramiro Rivera (hapana hukama naMarcelo) akavigwa nevarume vatatu vaive nepfuti dzeM-16 vachityaira rori pedyo nemba yake. Ramiro aifanira kunge akadzivirirwa nemapurisa panguva iyoyo pamusana pokutyisidzirwa norufu kakawanda. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dora Alicia Recinos Sorto akaurayiwa nepfuti ine simba guru paaidzoka kubva kunowacha mbatya pachitubu chiri pedyo. Akanga ane pamuviri pemwedzi misere. Mwanakomana wake ane makore maviri akakuvadzwawo mukurwiswa kwacho.
Dora nemurume wake, Jose Santos Rodriguez, vakanga vari nhengo dzinoshingaira dzeEnvironment Committee yeCabanas uye vaigara pedyo neRamiro Rivera pedyo nenzvimbo yairongwa yeSanta Rita muTrinidad. Rodriguez akanga arwiswa nebanga muna 2008 ndokurasikirwa nezvigunwe zviviri uye kushandisa ruoko rwake rwerudyi. Akaisa mhosva yekupondwa kwemukadzi wake paPac Rim. โTaigara murugare nevavakidzani vedu; [Pacific Rim] vakauya kuzopatsanura mapoka, mhuri, ushamwari, nekuti vakazvitengesa nemari shomaโฆtakavaudza kuti vatisiye tega. Asi vakashandisa simba. Zvese zvandaive nazvo, ndakarasikirwa nekuda kwePacific Rimโ (yakataurwa muDamien Kingsbury, โGoridhe, Mvura uye Kurwira Kodzero Dzekutanga muEl Salvador,โ Gunyana 2013, Oxfam Australia).
Pac Rim anoshora mhondi idzi asi anoramba chero mhosva yemhirizhonga iyi, achizvipa kukwikwidzana kwemhuri uye kuparwa kwemhosva. Panguva ino, kutyisidzira nokuponda zvakapfuurira. Muna Chikumi 2011, Juan Francisco Duran Ayala, muzvipiri neCabanas Environmental Committee akapondwa.
Munguva yekushanya kwake kuCabanas, Aurora Conley akasangana nevashandi veRadio Victoria, nhepfenyuro yenharaunda iri muVictoria, Cabanas. Akaziva kuti Pac Rim yainge yada kubhadhara chiteshi ichi $8,000 pamwedzi yekushambadzira uye hukama neveruzhinji. Nhepfenyuro iyi yakanga yapikisa kucherwa kwegoridhe uye yakaramba. Ndiko kwakava kutanga kwechirongwa chekutyisidzira vashandi chaisanganisira kutyisidzirwa nerufu, kupinzwa mudzimba, kurwiswa nekupwanywa kwemaredhiyo eredhiyo nemidziyo. "Zvakaoma kuita basa rako," akadaro Conley, "apo pane mbavha dzakabhadharwa dzinoda kukuuraya nekuda kwekutaura nezvenyaya yemugodhi."
โZviri pachena kubva mukutaura kuvagari vomuCabanas,โ anodaro Purofesa Richard Steiner mune imwe ongororo yakaitwa muna 2010 pamugodhi weEl Dorado weInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature, โkuti pari zvino kune chirongwa chekurwisa chisimba, kutyisidzira, uye. kutyisidzirwa kwakanangana nevatungamiriri venharaunda nevamwe vanopikisa kuvhurwa kwemugodhi weEl Doradoโฆ. Vagari vemunzvimbo iyi vanoti vakuru vekambani vakaudza vashandi vavo kuti vatungamiriri vezvenharaunda, kunyanya nhengo dzeEnvironmental Committee yeCabanas, ndivo vaikonzeresa kushaya basa.
Vagari vanotaura chishuvo chikuru chekuti hukama hwechero mubatanidzwa pakati pekambani yemugodhi nemhirizhonga, uye chero ruzivo runotsigira mhirizhonga, zviongororwe zvakasimba nehofisi yeAttorney General.โ (E Savhadho-Goridhe, Pfuti, uye Sarudzo: Mugodhi wegoridhe weEl Dorado, mhirizhonga muCabanas, zvinonzi neCAFTA, uye kuedza kwenyika kurambidza kucherwa kwezvicherwa.) Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakati wandei vakasungwa nekuda kwekuita kwavo mhosva idzi, hofisi yaAG yatadza kuziva kuti ndevapi vakangwara vakakonzera mhirizhonga. Kubva 2008 hurumende yeSalvador yave nekumisa kubvumidzwa kwezvicherwa zvese. Mutungamiri Salvador Sanchez Ceren, aimbova mutungamiriri muuto remagandanga (FMLN), akasarudzwa kutanga kwegore rino, akapikawo kuti haazobvumiri zvicherwa munyika. Zvakadaro, kuyedza kwese kumisa kurambidzwa zvachose kumigodhi kwakundikana muparamende, inotungamirwa nebato rinopikisa reARENA.
Pasina kurambidzwa kwenyika kucherwa kwesimbi, La Mesa yakaronga matunhu asina mushandirapamwe wemigodhi nerutsigiro kubva kumasangano emubatanidzwa epasi rese seInternational Allies against Metallic Mining muEl Salvador (www.stopesmining.org).
"Hatigone kugara uye kumirira kuti tiite maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu," akadaro Marcos Galvez, purezidhendi weCRIPDES, sangano rekusimudzira nharaunda, "tinofanirwa kudzokera kunovakazve mibatanidzwa nenharaunda dzakabereka uye ndidzo hwaro hwevanorwisa- kufambiswa kwezvicherwa pakutanga." Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yebato rinopesana nemigodhi iri muChalatenango, nhare yeFMLN panguva yehondo yevagari. Makambani akati wandei ekuCanada emigodhi yegoridhe akatomira kuongorora munharaunda idzi.
MunaGunyana 2014, Aurora Conley aive mumwe wevamiriri gumi nevashanu venhumwa yevacherechedzi vepasi rose kubva kuUS, Canada, Central neSouth America neNew Zealand kuti vaone zvakabuda mukubvunzana kwenharaunda nezvemigodhi mudhorobha reSan Jose Las Flores. Pakaverengwa mavhoti, 15 muzana yevakavhota yakaratidza chido chavo chokuva ndima isina migodhi.
Conley akafadzwa padanho rekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda muhurongwa hwekubvunzana. Vamwe vemadzimai echikuru aya vakafamba maawa mana kuti vasvike kunzvimbo yekuvhotera. "Ichi chaive chiitiko chenhoroondo, chakanyanya muzvematongerwo enyika eSalvador," akadaro Conley. โVanhu vane manzwi avo akasateererwa padanho renyika vatanga kupesvedzera gakava renyika panyaya iyi. Mamwe makanzuru ari kutevedzera muenzaniso uyu. " Nguva pfupi yapfuura, 98 muzana yevavhoti veSan Isidro Labrador vakati kwete kumigodhi.
VaDavid Morales, gweta rehurumende yeSalvador kukodzero dzevanhu, vakati vhoti muSan Jose Las Flores yaipfuura kufananidzira. โZvinozoitika ndezvekuti hapana mvumo ichapihwa mukanzuru kuti iongororwe, ndoda kushandiswa,โ vakadaro. "Ichave kukunda kwakakosha mukurwira zviri pamutemo kurwisa migodhi muEl Salvador." Imwe nzira kana imwe, El Salvador inogona kuve nyika yekutanga kurambidza kucherwa kwesimbi.
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Al Gedicks ndiye Munyori Mukuru weWisconsin Resources Protection Council uye nhengo yekutanga yeMidwest Coalition Against Lethal Mining. Mifananidzo naAl Gedicks.