Gail Collins akabatana New York Times muna 1995 senhengo yebhodhi rekunyora uye gare gare semunyori we "Op-Ed". Muna 2001, akava mukadzi wekutanga kugadzwa mupepeti we Nguva peji rekunyora. Pakutanga kwa2007, akasiya basa kuti apedze bhuku rake idzva, Pakachinja Zvese: Rwendo Rwunoshamisa rweVakadzi veAmerica kubva 1960 kusvika Ikozvino. Akadzokera kumba Times semunyori wenhau muna 2007.
ROSENBERG: Bhuku rako Apo Zvinhu Zvose Zvakachinja inobata nhevedzano yekodzero dzakahwinwa vakadzi pakati pa1964 na1972โmubhadharo wakaenzana, kodzero yokupiwa chikwereti chavo, kodzero yokupfeka mabhurugwa, uye kunzi Amai. kuvhota?
COLLINS: Kunyange zvazvo vasuffragists vakabudirira mukuwana iyo Nineteenth Amendment yakagamuchirwa muna 1920, vaitendawo kuti mabasa evakadzi anofanira kunge ari pamusha saamai nemadzimai. Pasina simba rehupfumi rekutora chikamu munzvimbo yebasa uye zvinzvimbo zvekukurudzira munharaunda, chimiro chevakadzi mushure mekuwana vhoti hachikwanise kunyatso kushanduka.
Muno muChicago, Frances Willard anoshupika anoyeukwa nekuve Dean wekutanga weWomen's College paNorthwestern University muna 1871. Asi maitiro ake ezvechikadzi nekuzvidzora dzimwe nguva aimupesanisa nesangano rekutanga rekubvisa.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, apo kodzero yevakadzi yokuvhota yakanga isati yauya pashure peFourteenth Amendment, vamwe vevakadzi vakashatirwa. Bhuku rangu rinorondedzera nyaya yeparade yekodzero dzevakadzi muWashington muna 1913 umo mutungamiri wechikadzi Alice Paul, asingade kutsausa vanhu vekuSouthern sympathizers, akaraira vatema vekusuffragists kuti vafambe kumashure kweparade. Ida Wells-Barnett, weChicago suffragist, akamirira padivi peparade uye, boka revachena reIllinois pavakapfuura, vakabatana nekuisanganisa.
Nguva pfupi yadarika Nona Willis Aronowitz, mwanasikana wemunyori wechikadzi Ellen Willis, naEmma Bee Bernstein vakatora hunyoro hwechikadzi pamakoreji ekoreji mubhuku ravo, Girl Drive: Criss-Crossing America, Redefining Feminism. Vakaona kuti vakadzi vechidiki vakawanda vaishora izwi rekuti feminism.
Izvozvo hazvishamisi. Pakangove nemasekonzi anenge matatu chete munhoroondo apo vakadzi vakanga vasingashori izwi, iro raigara richibatanidzwa nemifananidzo yevakadzi vasingafadzi vanovenga varume vakapfeka shangu dzakashata, kunyange zvazvo mirairo yayoโkodzero dzakaenzana nemikanaโyaigamuchirwa zvikuru. Kunyangwe mumazuva aSarah naAngelina Grimkรฉ, avo vaive vezvechikadzi uye vaparadziri muma1830s, vanhu vakakatyamadzwa apo Angelina akaroora aitaridzika zvakanaka wekubvisa Theodore Weld. Kunyange ipapo mafungiro aive: unoreva kuti unogona kushandira kodzero dzevakadzi uye uchiri kuwana "hunk akanaka?"
Vakadzi vepakoreji nevakadzi vakazvarwa kubva 1980 vanoita sevasingakoshese kodzero dzavakawaniswa-uye kunyangwe kuziva kuti zvaive zvakaita sei kuna vanaamai vavo naambuya.
Kushandira nyaya yawaiziva kuti ndeyechokwadi uye uchiziva kuti ichakunda kwainakidza. Hupenyu hwevakadzi nhasi hwakaoma uye havana mitsara yakanyorwa zvakajeka. Nezvekusarangarira zvazvaiva, vechidiki havana kunyanya kugadzikana kutarisa panguva iyo kodzero dzavo kana rusununguko zvakanga zvisipo.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, takaona vakadzi vaviri vagavhuna vakanyura mukusavimbika, aimbova Gavhuna weNew York, Eliot Spitzer, mudzimai waSilda naGavhuna weSouth Carolina, Mark Sanford, mudzimai waJenny. Vakadzi ava vakabata mamiriro acho ezvinhu zvakasiyana nezvavaizoita zvinhu zvisati zvachinja here?
Ini ndinofunga kuti nyaya yeSpitzer yairatidza kupera kwemazuva apo mudzimai aizomira padivi pemurume wake akarasika, achiratidza kushinga. Silda Spitzer mukadzi akanaka anotyisa uye dai njodzi yake yakaitika ingangoita mwedzi mitanhatu pasi pemutsara, tingadai tisina kumuona akamira ipapo. Asi chinokosha mudambudziko ripi neripi reroorano nguva dzose inhau yokuti unofunga kuti upenyu hwako hungava nani uinaye kana kuti usina. Kubva pane zvakataurwa naJenny Sanford, zviri pachena kuti akafunga kuti mufaro uri kuenda wega uye achisiya aimbove murume wake kuti atore zvidimbu zvetsvina yake. Silda Spitzer anoita seanonzwa kuti iye nevanasikana vake vari nani naEliot muhupenyu hwavo, uye ini handina kugadzirira kufungidzira kechipiri sarudzo.
Wakashandura sei kubva mupepeti we TimesOp-Ed peji kune munyori wenhoroondo?
Sezvo gore ra2000 raiswedera pedyo, the Times vakandikumbira kuti ndinyore sumo yenyaya yavo yemireniyamu uye ndakashamiswa kuona hupamhi hweshanduko dzakaitwa nevakadzi veUS pandakaita tsvakiridzo. Mumakore asingasviki gumi, anopfuura makore 1,000 XNUMX edzidziso dzevakadzi dzakapedzwa. Kunyora Apo Zvinhu Zvose Zvakachinja akandipa mukana wekubvunzurudza vamwe vevakadzi ava vakaita zvinoshamisa izvo zvichiri kuita maeffects nanhasi.