Terevhizheni yagara iine rudo nezvirongwa zvehutikitivha, kubvira mukupera kwema1940 uye kutanga kwa1950 apo mitambo yakadai sekuti “Man Against Crime,” “Martin Kane, Private Eye,” uye “The Adventures of Ellery Queen” yairatidza “zvakaoma. ziso rakabikwa rakavanzika," kana "cerebral puzzle-solving" mutikitivha ari kurwisa hutsotsi, sechinyorwa chiri pawebhusaiti yeMuseum yeBroadcast Communications yakanzi "Detective Programs" inoratidza. Makumi emakore gare gare, rudzi rwacho rwakachinja zvakanyanya apo zvirongwa zvakakora uye hupenyu hwevanotungamira hwakawedzera kukwezva, sezvakaratidzwa neanopokana negamba James Garner mu "The Rockford Files" kana Peter Falk's anodiwa "Columbo." Zvakadaro gare gare, "Hill Street Blues," "NYPD Blue," uye "Mhondi" yakasvika pakakwirira neakaungana emitambo yavo, kurondedzera nyaya kwakaoma, uye zviitiko zvemufirimu chaiwo.
Mazuva ano, zvakadaro, mugadzirisi wehutsotsi hwepaterevhizheni angangove mupari wemhosva ane hunyanzvi kana mutikitivha wezvemitemo anokwanisa kuwana marudzi ese emhando yepamusoro-soro. Apo "CSI: Mhosva Yekuferefeta" yakatanga muna Gumiguru 2000, iyo showo yakave yakarova ipapo, muchidimbu nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo kwakasiyana kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye muchikamu nekuda kwehuipi hutsotsi hwairatidzira.
Kunyange rudzi rwemutikitivha rwakachinja zvakanyanya nekufamba kwemakore, chinhu chimwe chete hachina kuchinja: mhosva inogadziriswa pakupera kwechirongwa uye "vakaipa" vanobatwa. Asi, sezvataona kakawanda, muhupenyu chaihwo vanonzi "vanhu vakanaka" havawanzo "vakanaka" uye "vakaipa" havawanzova nemhosva.
Sezvineiwo, vazhinji vevakabatwa nemhosva dzavasina kupara vakaburitswa mutirongo nekuda kwehumbowo hweDNA, pamwe nekubuda mujeri. basa rekare remakumbo nevanoongorora vakatsunga. Yaive rudzi irworwo rwekusatya makumbo akatungamira kuna Ndira 3, 2002, kuburitswa kwaJuan Roberto Melendez kubva.
Kweanopfuura makore gumi boka remutemo pa
Mushumo weReuters wakataura kuti, "Greenbaum akawana zvinyorwa zvekureurura [kusvika Gunyana 13, 1983, kupondwa kwaDelbert Baker, akawanikwa akafa paAuburndale yake,
Greenbaum yakatsanangura mukutsinhana kwe-e-mail, kuti "uchapupu hweDNA hahushoma uye kutendwa kwenhema mumhosva dzisina humbowo hwehupenyu hunogona kungoputswa kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakasimba, kwechinyakare." KuGreenbaum, izvi zvinosanganisira kukumbira marekodhi uye kuongorora magwaro kuitira kugadzira chirongwa chekuferefeta. Aine ndaza yezvapupu zvingabatsira mumaoko, akagogodza pamasuo, “achiedza kuwana chivimbo uye kunyengeterera rombo rakanaka.”
Greenbaum akataura kuti, "Simba rinotyisa rehurongwa hwekutonga rinowanzotyisa vanhu vane ruzivo rwunogona kusunungura munhu asina mhosva. Kutamba kwakapfava kuwana humbowo ihwohwo pamberi pedare kuti hutariswe. Munyaya yaJuan, humbowo hwepanyama hwaigona kumubvisa hahuna kuchengetedzwa uye DNA yaive isiri-chinhu. Asi akava nerombo rakanaka—mupari wemhosva akareurura zvakanyanya uye patepi.” Kureurura ikoko, uye kutsunga kwaGreenbaum mukutaura kunenge chapupu chimwe nechimwe—zvisinei nokuti nyaya yacho yakanga iri kure zvakadini—zvakapa magweta zvaaida kuti vadaro. bvisa Juan.
"Hapana mubvunzo," Greebaum akawedzera. “Mazhinji mapurojekiti ekuferefeta anofanirwa kutangwa. Pasinei, kana kuti zvichida nekuda kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekucheneswa kweDNA ... mumakore achangopfuura, vanhu vanoita sevasingazivi nezvehuwandu hwedambudziko iri. Vamwe vanodavira kuti DNA [ichabudisa] chokwadi muzviitiko zvose uye kuti zvikonzero zvenhema ndezvekunyepa. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuziva kuti izvi handizvo, kunyanya vechidiki vari kufunga nezvemabasa emutemo, utori venhau, mutemo weveruzhinji, uye tsvakiridzo yesainzi yemagariro. Pane chirevo chekuti munhu akapedza kudzidza kuHarvard Law anowanzo kuve mupomeri wemhosva pane gweta redziviriro. Vane zvipo vafereferi vedziviriro vakatooma kuwana. Izvi zvinoda kuchinja. "
Muna Kubvumbi, Melendez, Greenbaum, gweta rinoremekedzwa zvikuru Adam Tebrugge, muongorori wezvekudzivirira capital Jeff Walsh, naJames Bain-mutengi weInnocence Project yeFlorida (www.floridainnocence.org) akavharirwa makore makumi matatu nemashanu kuongororwa kweDNA kusati kwaratidza. iye asina mhosva-akabuda paforamu paNew College yeFlorida mukati
Melendez, uyo asati ambowana muripo kubva kuhurumende uye kubva paakasunungurwa ave mutauriri wepasi rose uye murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu, akataura nezvekutsungirira kwaakaita mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa ari mujeri uye kuti "haana kuponeswa nehurongwa. Ndakaponeswa pasinei nehurongwa. "
Mushure meforamu, Greenbaum akaudza mutori wenhau
Chimwe chinangwa che
Greenbaum akaudza Catalyst kuti, "Vaongorori vevadzidzi, vachishanda nemapurojekiti ekusava nemhosva munyika yose, vakabatsira mukusunungura vasina mhosva kweanoda kusvika makumi maviri emakore ikozvino. Zvidzidzo zverudzi irworwo zvinonamatira uye zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kunzanga ine ruramisiro…. Kupedza rusaruro muutongi hweutsotsi…izvo zvinogara zvichitungamira mukutongerwa kwevasina mhosva, ndiko kurwira kodzero dzevanhu munguva yedu. Sezvakataurwa naJuan mumharidzo yake, hatingamiriri uranda kana kusarura; uyewo hatifaniri kumirira kuenzana kwavo kwemazuva ano.”
Panguva yekusunungurwa kwake, Melendez aive musungwa werufu makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe kuti aregererwe muhusungwa.
Z
Bill Berkowitz munyori akazvimiririra anovhara mafambiro ekuchengetedza.