Books
Black Against Empire: Nhoroondo uye Zvematongerwo enyika zve
bato reBlack Panther
NaJoshua Bloom naWaldo E. Martin Mwana
Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia Press, 2013, 560 pp.
Ongororo naJeremy Kuzmarov
Muzhizha ra1970, veNorth Vietnam vakakoka mutungamiri weBlack Panther Party Eldridge Cleaver kuti ataure nevatema maGIs kubva kunhepfenyuro muHanoi. Cleaver aive munyori wememoir yakatengeswa zvakanyanya, Mweya paIce, iyo yakapa ruzivo pamusoro pemigumisiro yepfungwa yekudzvinyirirwa kwemarudzi muAmerica uye kutsoropodza kwakasimba kweHondo yeVietnam. Akaudza maGIs kuti: "Zvavari kuita kuronga chinhu ichi kuti imi katsi muve kubviswa munhandare yehondo. Vari kukupinza pamberi kuti ubve. Uye nenzira iyo ... vanogadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengeta nhamba huru yemauto muVietnam; uye vanopedza chinetso chokudzivisa varwi vaduku kunze kwemigwagwa yeBhabhironi. Uye iwo mutambo wakasviba, wakashata uri kuitwa pauri. Uye handisi kuona kuti ungazviita sei.”
In Dema Kurwisa Humambo: Iyo Nhoroondo uye Zvematongerwo enyika zveBlack Panther Party, Joshua Bloom naWaldo E. Martin Jr. vanoshandisa kutaura kwaCleaver kuratidza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kweBlack Panther Party nekupokana kwayo nempiriyamu. VaPanthers vaiona maAfrica America sevanhu vakakomberedzwa mukati meUnited States, vari pasi perusarura rwemagariro evanhu nehupfumi uye mapurisa emunharaunda yavo nemapurisa ane rusarura avakafananidza neuto rinogara. Vakasimudzira zvinyorwa zvaFrantz Fanon, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa yekuAlgeria uyo akaongorora kuti vanhu vakazvimiririra vakaisa sei hudzvanyiriri hwavo uye kuramba nhaka yavo yetsika. Rusununguko rwaigona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nemhirizhonga yechimurenga.
Bato reBlack Panther rakatangira kuOakland, California muna 1966, zvichitevera kupondwa kwaMalcolm X. Huey P. Newton, muvambi webato naBobby Seale, akadzidza zvemutemo paMerritt College uye akafumura kuti zviri pamutemo kutakura pfuti yakatakura. California pachena. MaPanthers akatanga kutenderera mumigwagwa yeOakland kudzivirira nharaunda dzavo uye kutora vechidiki veghetto vangangove vakajoinha zvikwata zvemumigwagwa. MaPanthers akavaka hukama nenharaunda, kutanga muOakland uyezve mumaguta akatenderedza nyika, nekupa chikafu chemangwanani kune vechidiki vasina rombo, kurapwa uye zvirongwa zvekupedza chikoro. Chirongwa chemangwanani chaidyisa mazana evana pazuva uye zviuru pasvondo, nemabhizinesi emuno aigara achipa chikafu (kunyangwe dzimwe nguva vaibirwa). Kuburikidza nekutaura kwayo kwakashata, swagger yemumugwagwa uye kuzvipira kuita chiito, iyo Black Panthers yakabata fungidziro yemudzidzi chena akasiiwa uye vakasununguka vane tsitsi vakaita zviitiko zvekuunganidza mari. Boka iri rakabereka nhungirwa dzakawanda, kusanganisira Young Lords. Kutsoropodza kwavo kwesimba rerusaruraganda uye Hondo yeVietnam kwainyanya kurira panguva iyoyo. Sangano iri rakaita basa guru mukutungamirira kuratidzira kwepakambasi uko kwakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwezvirongwa zvezvidzidzo zvevatema uye kumutsiridza kosi yedzidzo.
MaPanthers akanga akananga nemapurisa, uye kazhinji airwisana nevakuru vakuru. Vakawanda venhengo dzavo vakasungwa uye vakaurayiwa. MuOakland, mapurisa ane mukurumbira werusaruraganda akapfurwa kakawanda pamuzinda wePanther, akagadzira zvipo zvekuuraya vatungamiriri vePanther, uye akauraya Bobby Hutton ane makore 17 okukura mushure mekunge asungwa nemapurisa. Muna Gumiguru 1967, Huey Newton akadhonzwa ndokupinda muhondo yepfuti nemupurisa weOakland John Frey, akaurayiwa mumhirizhonga. Newton akakuvadzwa uye akasungwa nekuda kwekuuraya, uye akazosunungurwa mushure mekunge nyaya yake yave chikonzero chepasi rose célèbre. Paaiva akasungwa nengetani muchipatara, akanga atsvinyirwa uye akapfirwa nemapurisa, pasina kutukwa nevashandi vepachipatara.
Panenge panguva ino, Mutungamiriri weFBI J. Edgar Hoover akasarudza maPanthers senjodzi huru kune kuchengetedzwa kwemukati muUnited States. Mukuedza kuparadza sangano, vamiririri veFBI vakaparadzira disinformation, vakapinda mumidziyo yebato, vakadyara vadenha, uye vakadyara kupesana pakati pehutungamiriri. MuLos Angeles, vazivisi veFBI vangangouraya John Huggins naAlprentice "Bunchy" Carter, mutungamiri wemubatanidzwa wevadzidzi vatema paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuLos Angeles. Chicago Vaviri ava vakanga vaita chibvumirano pakati pezvikwata zvemumugwagwa zvavanenge vatanga kupinza basa mubato.
Nekufamba kwenguva, Bato reBlack Panther harina kukwanisa kuzvitsigira, sezvo vazhinji vevatungamiriri varo vakasungwa, vakaurayiwa, kana kudzingwa. Kudanana kwechisimba uye kusimudzirwa kwehondo yehugandanga kwakaparadzanisa vanhu munharaunda avo vainzwira tsitsi kunhamo yevatema uye vachipokana neHondo yeVietnam. Kusakwanisa kwePanthers kuumba mubatanidzwa muhombe nevanosiya vakasununguka kwakaratidzirwa apo mutungamiri wePanther David Hilliard akabhombwa kubva pachikuva pamusangano wekurwisa hondo muGolden Gate Park, San Francisco waisanganisira hurukuro dzemaSeneta George McGovern naEugene McCarthy. Hilliard akanyanyisa kudana Richard Nixon kuti "amai" vanofanira kupondwa. "Tichauraya Richard Nixon uye chero amai vanomira munzira yerusununguko." Mukurumbira wePanthers wakawedzera kuderera mushure mekunge Huey Newton atanga kuratidza hunhu hwemagalomaniacal zvichitevera kuburitswa kwake mujeri muna 1970. Newton akatamira mumusha wepamusoro ndokutanga kushamwaridzana nevanhu vemuOakland underworld. Pashure pokunge aora mwoyo, akazopomerwa mhosva yokuponda imwe pfambi ine makore 17 uye akafa muna 1989 mune imwe dhiri rinoratidza kuti rakanga rakashata.
Pakazosvika pakati pemakore ekuma1970, maPanthers akarega kuvapo semauto akarongeka ezvematongerwo enyika, zvakangofanana nekudzikira kwemafambiro akasimba evadzidzi ema1960. Kupera kweHondo yeVietnam uye kuvhurwa kwaNixon kuChina uye mutemo wedetente, pamwe chete nePhiladelphia Plan inokurudzira kuita kwekusimbisa, yakabatsira kumisa tsigiro yeakanyanya, anti-imperialist rhetoric yePanthers, kunyangwe mazhinji ekusaenzana kwemaitiro uye hutsinye hwemapurisa. vakaramba vachipopota. Bepanhau rebato rakatanga kusimbisa mhirizhonga yezvombo nehondo dzehugandanga, richitarisa zvakanyanya pakupa shoropodzo yeUS capitalism uye imperialism. Maoffshoots akadai seBlack Liberation Army (BLA) akabira mabhanga uye akabhomba zvivakwa zvehurumende achimiririra chikonzero chekuchinja, kunyange mamwe maPanthers akaedza ruoko rwavo mune zvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1972, Bobby Seale akakwikwidza chigaro chameya weOakland pachikuva chegutsaruzhinji uye akamanikidza kumhanya-mhanya nemukwikwidzi wake weRepublican, kunyangwe akazorasikirwa. Elaine Brown, akamboshanda pamwe chete naHuey Newton, akabatsira kuronga vatema vachitsigira Gavhuna Jerry Brown uye akakwanisa kushandisa simba rake naye kuwana mari yezvirongwa zvekusimudzira nharaunda. Kuchinja kwekuchengetedza muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika, zvisinei, kwakaganhurira pesvedzero yaBrown pamusoro penguva refu uye chitsauko chekupedzisira chePanther chakavhara mikova yayo zvakanaka muna 1982.
Black Against Empire inotyora hwaro hutsva hwehunyanzvi mukupa yekutanga nhoroondo yakazara yeBlack Panther Party. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru zvevanyori ndechekupfuura dhimoni rePanther Party nevanyori veneoconservative vakaita saDavid Horowitz, avo vanoratidza maPanthers seakafanana neboka rematsotsi. Horowitz nevamwe vake vanokundikana kunyatsofunga nezvemagariro evanhu umo maPanthers akabuda uye nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwevanhu vatema panguva iyoyo. Vanodzikisira hudzvanyiriri hwehurumende mukupa kuti bato riite mhirizhonga uye vanokoshesa zvinhu zvakanaka zviri munhoroondo yebato, zvinosanganisira zvirongwa zvemangwanani, kugona kwebato kuita zvematongerwo enyika vechidiki veGhetto uye kuvabvisa mumhirizhonga yezvikwata, kusimudzira veruzhinji kuziva nezvehutsinye. yeimperialism, kupokana kwayo kuhondo dzeIndochina, uye vatema vayo vanonyandura nevamwe vanhu vanodzvinyirirwa kuti vatsigire kodzero dzavo, mose muri muviri muUnited States uye kunze kwenyika. Black Against Empire inomiririra mupiro unokosha mukudzoreredza kuvimbika kwevaratidziri veBlack Panther Party vakarwira kururamisira mumagariro evanhu uye inoratidza kuti nhoroondo yerusaruraganda muAmerica yakamutsa sei kushushikana mupfungwa nekurwadziswa pakati pevanhu vatema, avo vakaramba nenzira dzakanakisa dzavaiziva. Zvikanganiso zvakaitwa neBato nevatungamiriri varo zvinoda kubvumwa, asi izvo zvikanganiso zvakanyanya midzi muchiitiko cheAmerica uye nechisimba, nharaunda dzinodzvinyirira kwakabva vazhinji vePanthers.
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Jeremy Kuzmarov ndiye JP Walker mubatsiri purofesa wenhoroondo paYunivhesiti yeTulsa uye munyori we Nhema yeAddicted Army: Vietnam uye Hondo Yemazuva Ano Pamishonga Inodhaka uye Mazuvano Kudzvinyirira: Kudzidzisa Mapurisa uye Kuvaka Nyika muAmerican Century.
Mushure meCapitalism: Economic Democracy in Action
By Dada Maheshvarananda
Innerworld Publications, 2012, 392 pp.
Ongororo naAndy Douglas
Balance ishoko raungaomerwa kushandisa kutsanangura hupfumi hwenyika hwanhasi. Kusaenzana kwehupfumi uye kushandiswa, kushandiswa kwemusika, uye kushandiswa kwemari kwekudyara zvakagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kungotsanangurwa seasina kuenzana zvakanyanya, nekutambura kwakawanda mukumuka kwayo. Vazhinji vanopokana kuti capitalism sezvairipo haigoneki, kuti haigone, uye, zvinotonyanya kukosha, haifanire kurarama.
Mushure meCapitalism: Economic Democracy in Action inopa tarisiro yedzidziso yesocial-economic inogona kudzosa zvinhu mukuenzanisa. Zvakawanda muhupamhi, bhuku rinotanga nekufungidzira kwezvirongwa zvakakonzera kuparara kwepasirese muna 2008 uye kuparara kwekutanga uye rozoenda kune dzimwe nzira dzine tariro.
Munyori, Dada Maheshvarananda, anga ari monk uye muratidziri kwemakore makumi mana apfuura. Anounza kubasa rake kutarisa kune zvemweya, maonero ehupfumi hwehupfumi hunoremekedza kodzero dzevanhu uye kuvimbika kwenyika, uye kuonga kwekubatana kwehupenyu uye kukosha kwekuvapo kwechisikwa chimwe nechimwe. Zviri pachena mukutsoropodza uku kucherechedzwa kwekudiwa kwemetric yehutano hwemagariro zvichienderana nemamiriro akaita nhengo dzevarombo munharaunda.
Mumwe muparidzi pa2012 Economic Democracy Conference muMadison, Wisconsin, Maheshvarananda anotungamira tangi yekufunga muCaracas, iyo Prout Research Institute yeVenezuela. Pfungwa dzake dzinobva pachikuva chinobva kuIndia chinonzi Progressive Utilization Theory (Prout). Dzidziso iyi, yakamisikidzwa nemuzivi wechiBengali PR Sarkar mumakore ekuma1950, inopa hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hupfumi nenzira inoita kuti basa rikurudzire (izvo communism isina kumbobvira yaita) uye inorambidza kuwandisa kwemari (izvo zvisingazoitwe necapitalism).
Maheshvarananda anopikisa kuti capitalism yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vapfumi; nemasikirwo ayo inobvisa vanhu vakawanda kupfuura zvayakanakira. Pamusoro peizvi, iri kuparadza pasi zvakarongeka. Anotaura zvikanganiso zvina zvinouraya: (1) kuwanira pfuma, (2) kuwanda kwekudyara kuri kwekufungidzira, kusabereka, (3) kurudziro yechikwereti uye (4) kusatarisisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemitemo yayo pachayo.
Pane pfungwa dzinokwenya pfungwa pano pamusoro pechingangotsiva capitalism (uye tsoropodzo inocherekedzawo kukundikana kwakawanda kwecommunism). Hupfumi hwakadai hwaizotarisa kune diki-diki bhizinesi (limited capitalism), yakasimba cooperative sector, uye maindasitiri makuru ane veruzhinji.
Chimiro ichi, munyori anopokanidza kuti, chinogona kugadzikiswa kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzinozvimiririra mune zvehupfumi zvichienderana nemamiriro ehupfumi nemagariro akafanana, zvinogoneka munzvimbo, nhaka yetsika nemutauro. Kuronga kwenzvimbo kwaizobvumira dunhu rega rega kushandisa zviwanikwa zvaro nemikana kuti rizvibatsire. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvingave zvakakosha, anodaro, kukurudzira pfungwa yehupenyu hwevanhu, kudzivisa kuparadzana kweparochial.
Macooperatives anowana kutariswa kwakanyanya mubhuku, kusanganisira nhoroondo yekukura kwavo uye kutarisa kune inonyanya kuzivikanwa network yemubatanidzwa, Mondragon yeSpain. Prout Research Institute yeVenezuela yakapihwa basa nehurumende yeVenezuela kuti iongorore kusimba kwesangano remubatanidzwa munyika iyoyo. Vatsvagiri vePRI vakanyora zvakanyanya nezve izvo zvinodiwa kuti macooperatives ashande, ayo anosanganisira nharaunda inotsigira yemagariro, kuronga kwakanaka kwepamberi, manejimendi ane hunyanzvi, hunyanzvi uye kugadzirisa, uye dzidzo.
Maheshvarananda anopenda mufananidzo wemapurojekiti pane mamwe emazano aya iri kuitwa, kubva kukiriniki yehutano hwehutano muKenya kusvika munharaunda yevarimi inochengetedza muBrazil. Anorumbidza bato reOccupy muUS uye anotsanangura mafambiro evamwe vanhu, senge ari muPhilippine ari kukurudzira vechidiki kurwisa ”kunyanya tsika” uye kugamuchira tsika dzavo. Sezvo rinotyisa sezvo basa rekugadzira demokrasi yechokwadi yehupfumi inoratidzika, anoratidza kuti kufamba kwetsika kune basa guru rekuita, kupa simba kuvanhu vari pasi.
Munyori anofananidzawo Prout nemamwe mamodheru akadai se "chikamu chehupfumi" kana Parecon. Dzidziso mbiri idzi dzinoita sedzine zvakawanda zvakafanana-kusimbisa hupfumi hwakaganhurwa uye pamacooperatives, kutanga. Parecon, zvisinei, inoshaya maonero emweya, maererano nemunyori. Uye izvo zviviri zvinosiyana pamubvunzo wekukurudzira. Prout, anonyora Maheshvarananda, anotenda kuti mari yakakwira inofanirwa kupihwa mucherechedzo wekukodzera uye zvakaitwa nevanhu kuitira kukurudzira hunyanzvi uye kuzvisimudzira, nepo Parecon ichisimbirira kuti hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hahufanirwe kuwana muhoro wakakwira kupfuura mamwe mabasa.
Iri bhuku rakawanawo rumbidzo kubva kune vakati wandei vevaratidziri. Bill McKibben anonyora, "Kutsvaga kuri kutsvaga nzira nyowani dzekugara munyika yakaomerwa ... akawanda anofadza anotungamira mumapeji aya." Noam Chomsky anoti, "Haugone kuve nehutongi hwematongerwo enyika hune chinangwa pasina kushanda kwedemocracy yehupfumi." Chitsauko chekupedzisira chebhuku chakazvipira kunhaurirano yakakura pakati paMaheshvarananda naChomsky, umo iyo yekupedzisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inoputika kutadza kweUS kugadzira njanji yepamusoro, uye inorumbidza shanduko dziri kuitika mukati. Latin America, ine mafambiro echivanhu ari kuuya kuzotonga, uye mashoma emauto eUS asara muhemisphere.
Iri bhuku rine akati wandei mapfupi e "vaenzi essays" nevanoongorora hupfumi uye vanoita zvekuratidzira, uye zvikamu izvi zvinobatsira mukupfumisa kwegakava rebhuku.
Chokwadi, pane zvisina kusimba. Mune chimwe chikamu munyori anoisa pamberi pemutero wekukosha kwevhu, umo mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, kushandiswa kwevhu, uye kusvibiswa kwetsvina kunobhadhariswa mutero: “kubhadharisa mabhiriyoni emadhora asina kuwana mari inokohwewa nemacapitalist mashoma kubva kuzvipo zveMasikirwo…”
Zvakadaro mumwe wevanyori vezvinyorwa zvevaenzi, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeDuke University, anopokana nepfungwa iyi. Mutero wemitero wepasi, anonyora, unobatsira muhupfumi hwehupfumi, asi zvingave zvishoma muhupfumi hweProutist. "Kana mutero wepasi ukaiswa, ma-co-ops anozodikanwa kudzikisa zvinobuda uye kuwedzera mutengo kuitira kuti vawane mari yakakwana yekubhadhara mutero wavo ..."
Kutsinhana kunoratidzika kunge kwakajairwa kukakavara kuri kuitika mukati memapeji ebhuku, zvakadaro, uye pamwe mukati metsika yeProut activists. Muvambi waProut sezviri pachena akapa hutsinye hwakakura mudzidziso yake. Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvino zviri kuitwa munzvimbo dzepasirese. Mune apendikisi, munyori anopa chiitiko chakagadzirirwa kuunza kuongororwa kweProutist kutarisana nematambudziko ehupfumi hwenyika. (Kutaura zvazviri, Maheshvarananda anoti, MaProutists akadaidzwa kuti ape maonero epasirese ekuenzanisa kugona kwehupfumi hwematunhu akati wandei pasirese). Muchiitwa ichi, chikamu chekurima chisina kunyatsoshanda chinogadziriswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera goho revhu, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekuchinjanisa zvirimwa uye dzimwe nzira dzinofambira mberi, kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira, uye kusiyanisa, kudiridza, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwehove.
Mabhenefiti ehupfumi hwakadzikama angatekeshera mune mamwe mativi ehupenyu, kubva kune zvakatipoteredza kusvika kudzidzo kusvika kukururamisira kwemhosva. Zvese zvakabatana, mushure mezvose, poindi iyo munyori anotyaira kumba. Ndiwo mweya wakakwana uyu muProut theory unobata kukwezva kukuru, basa rekururamisira uye basa remunhu ari kufambidzana.
Maheshvarananda akatungamirira masangano ekufungisisa pamisangano uye zviratidzo pasi rose zvakadai seWorld Social Forum, achisimbisa kukosha kwepakati, mweya wakadzikama mubasa rinokurudzira. Kuwana tsime remufaro mukati, anoreva, kunoita kuti munhu ave chikamu chemhinduro, achikurudzira uye achitsigira mukuita mutsauko wakanaka munyika.
Anokurudzira kudzoreredzwa kwechiyero kune ecology yedu nehupfumi, uye kuhupenyu hwedu pachedu, nguva isati yakwana.
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Tiye Kupokana kwe "Chaiyo Socialism": The Conductor
uye Akaitiswa
NaMichael A. Lebowitz
Monthly Wongororo Press, 2012, 192 pp.
Ongororo naSeth Sandronsky
Michael A. Lebowitz anoongorora izvo (zvisina) zvakaitika mune yaimbova Soviet Union uye nechepakati nekumabvazuva kweEurope mukati memakumi matatu emakore akapera muma1980. Sei kunyora bhuku iri?
Muzana remakore rechi21, nhau yemazuva ano yakadaro inokosha. Humbowo hweizvozvo kusagadzikana, kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvehupfumi, izvo vanhu vepasi rose vanotarisana nazvo mushure mekudonha kweSoviet-style communism. Kuti izvi zviitike, munyori anotarisa pane zvinoitika zvemazuva ese uye zvimiro zveReal Socialism (RS). Tinoverenga nezve zvakaitwa nevanhu kubasa—uye kure nazvo—kuzvisika ivo nenyika yakavapoteredza. Nzira yake inoshanda sei kuRS? Lebowitz anoburitsa "concrete phenomena yenzanga idzi ... kuti abate chimiro chepasi chinodzigadzira." Iyi analytic dynamic inoshandisa mutsara mutsvuku mubhuku rose. Nokubvunza zvakapfuura, anotsvaka kufambisira mberi “chiono chitsva chesocialism muzana remakore rechi21.”
Muchitsauko chekutanga, "Kushomeka Upfumi," Lebowitz anotarisa kuti hurongwa hwakadai hwakazvibuditsa sei muchidimbu nekunyatsoongorora kunyorwa kwaJanos Kornai, uyo "akafungidzira ... pfungwa dzemari" mukudzidza kwake kweRS. Uku kukanganisa kukuru, sekureva kwaLebowitz. Anotevera nzvero yaMarx yetsika ye<em>capitalist mukurangarira kuti iyo, kufanana neRS, yakabudisa boka ravashandi iro “kupfurikidza nedzidzo, tsika negamuchidzanwa rinotarira zvinodikanwa zvomutoo iwoyo wokugadzira semitemo inooneka inooneka yoga.” Mibvunzo yakakosha yekudzora uye kubereka inobuda kubva muhurongwa uhu.
Mumwe ndevapi vaive maneja emabhizinesi pasi peRS? Lebowitz anokwevera kumashure keteni pane izvo uye basa remaneja sevatori vechikamu vanoshingaira muhurongwa. Semuenzaniso, maneja emabhizinesi akabatana sei nevarongi veRS? Mhinduro dzinosanganisira kodzero dzebasa dzevashandi, dzavasina kuhwina, nokudaro havana kukwanisa kuchengeta. Uku kuderedzwa kwevashandi kunotaura zvakawanda nezveRS. Isu tinoverenga zvakawanda pamusoro peichi chikamu chechibvumirano chemagariro, icho Lebowitz anodaidza kuti "vanguard hukama hwekugadzira" (VROP) inodzinga ngano uye chokwadi.
VROP inzira yepamusoro-pasi. Munyori anoburitsa zvikamu zvaro zvakawanda zvinofamba muchitsauko chetatu. Ivo vanobva kune vevanguard bato kuenda kune vanoshanda, nyika uye nyika varidzi, kukura uye bureaucracy. Huwandu hwezvikamu zvakadaro hune musoro hunoberekazve “muitisi nomuitisi,” boka guru rinoziva chakanakira vazhinji vanoshanda.
Muchitsauko chechina, Lebowitz anotendeukira kumitemo yevanguard uye mitemo yeguta guru. Ivo vanodyidzana uye, mukuona kwemunyori, vanoratidza kutsemuka pakati pemaneja, iyo vanguard uye yekushanda kirasi pasi peRS. Vezvehupfumi vari pasi peRS, vakangofanana nehama dzavo dzine hushamwari hwemacapitalist, vanopfeka mapofu ekirasi, maererano naLebowitz. Anoratidza kusaona kweRS economists ibasa rinoshanda revashandi. Sezvineiwo, upofu uhwu hwakafuratira chikanganiso chinouraya chegadziriro pakati pe“kufunga nekuita.” Iyo yechokwadi nheyo yeVROP inopesana nekukura kwevanhu, Lebowitz anonyora, uye nei capital yakapidigura RS. A vanguard party inoda imwe state form. Kusimba uye kusasimba kwevanguard conductors vakamira pamusoro nepamusoro peboka rakaitwa zvine chekuita nemunyori muchitsauko chake chechitanhatu.
Lebowitz anoburitsa "utachiona hwesocialism" kubva mukuparara kweRS muchitsauko chake chekupedzisira. Chizvarwa chake chemibvunzo inokatyamadza chinovhara neatatu e "zvinooneka zvinodikanwa zvebudiriro yemunhu." Munyori anopeta nerunhare rwekupfuura vanguard marxism kuburikidza nekudzoka kune yekare yeGerman "uzivi hwepraxis uye rusununguko." Neiyi nzira, socialism yezana rino ramakore inogona kuunganidza vafambisi vanobatanidzwa vehukama hwebatira pamwe mukati nokunze kwenzvimbo yebasa.
Zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri nezvinyorwa zvinobatsira kuvaverengi, kubva kuvadzidzi kusvika kuvadzidzisi uye nekupfuura, vanotsvaka kumwe kunzwisisa kwe capitalism nesocialism. Ndinokurudzira bhuku rino nekuda kweruzivo rwaro.
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Seth Sandronsky anorarama uye anonyora muSacramento (sethsandronsky@gmail.com).
mumhanzi
Bryan Ferry's Nguva yeJazz:
Ongororo naJohn Zavesky
Bryan Ferry akafanana naBilly Pilgrim, iyo Kurt Vonnegut hunhu hwe Slaughterhouse Five, murume kwete zvake uye nezvenguva yake pachake. Apo Roxy Music yakatanga kuonekwa panzvimbo iyi muna 1972, Ferry inooneka yakaonekwa isingabatanidzi nedzimwe nhengo dzeboka. Ferry akapfeka kunge muimbi weimba yekutandarira ukuwo Brian Eno nevamwe vakaita sevaive vabva kune imwe nyika. Kunyangwe Ferry aive simba remumhanzi raityaira kumashure kweRoxy Music, kubva pakutanga kwebhendi iro akachengetawo basa rake ega rakasiyana neRoxy Music. Apo Ferry akarekodha yake yekutanga solo album, Zvinhu Zvakapusa izvi, yakanga iri rekodhi yemabutiro aisanganisira “Chidimbu Chemwoyo Wangu,” “Ipati Yangu” uye “Ndinoda Madiro Unondiita, " nziyo dzese dzinoimbwa nevakadzi chete kusvika panguva iyoyo. Iyo albhamu zvakare yaisanganisira zita rezita, "Izvi Zvinhu Zveupenzi," chiyero che1940s. Kunze kweHarry Nilsson anoshamisa Kubata Kudiki kweSchmilsson muHusiku, hapana dombo kana pop chiito chaiita zviyero kumashure muna 1973, kunze kweFerry.
Ferry yatora iyo pfungwa yekufamba-nguva minstrel kusvika pakunyanyisa kwayo nekuburitswa kwake kwazvino, Nguva yeJazz, uye zvinofadza sei. Ferry, achibatsirwa nemurongi Colin Good, afunga kududzirazve nziyo dzeRoxy Music sekunge dzakaitwa naDuke Ellington's Jungle Band kana Louie Armstrong's Hot Seven. Hakusi chete kutora kwaFerry panziyo idzi kwakasarudzika, asi chokwadi chekuti chinotarisisa chiri pazvinhu zvake pachake kusiyana nemavhavha chiri chimwe chekusanzwisisika.
Jazz Age inoisa tarisiro yayo paFerry, asi ine mutsindo wemimhanzi. Nepo Roxy Music's zvinhu zvaive zvakanyanya zveglam chiitiko chavakabuda, Ferry anozvidzosera iye nezvinhu zvake pano. Iyi album inoona Ferry sezuva rekupedzisira Cab Calloway achitungamirira orchestra yake paCotton Club. Kwapera mazwi erwiyo. Mazhinji akaderedzwa uye akawanda emumhanzi mhinduro kune iyo sosi zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, "The Bogus Man" inoderedzwa kubva pamaminetsi gumi epakutanga kusvika kumaminetsi anopfuura maviri.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti vateveri vazhinji veRoxy Music vachakwenya misoro yavo pamusoro peiyi CD. Jazz Age zvirokwazvo ibasa rekuda kana kuvenga iro. Kune avo vanoda kugashira basa razvino reFerry, vari mukunakirwa. Nziyo dzakawanda dzinotora matanho anopfuura mana kana mashanu asati azivikanwa. "Do the Strand" inorasikirwa negitare rine ruzha uye kurira kwesax uye inoshandurwa kuita chinhu chakareruka chinotamba nenyanga netsanga. "Rudo Mushonga" inorasikirwa nerinhi inofambiswa nedisco uye inoshandurwa kuita nhamba yejazz inopisa uye "Muranda weRudo" inoshandurwa kubva mukunonoka kweiyo sosi kuita nhamba yekutamba peppy. "Virginia Plain" inobva parwiyo runonakidza rwe glam rock kuenda kunhamba yekusvetuka yeLindy hoppers. "Avalon" inobuda serwiyo unogona kunzwa bhendi remuno richiridza munzvimbo yekunwira kuNew Orleans.
Iko kufamba kweushingi uye kukanganisa kwakashata kuedza kutarisa kwebasa remunhu pachake iyo inopikisa yezvinobva. Ray Davies nevamwe vashoma vachembera nyeredzi vedombo vane kugona kuzviita, asi hapana ane Ferry 'panache pa. Nguva yeJazz. Chichemo chete ndechekuti Ferry yakasarudzika, inorwadza, uye yakanaka mazwi anonzwika asipo kubva pane izvo. Ndatenda kunaka Ferry ine vatambi vakaita secornet nehwamanda Enrico Tomasso, trombonist Malcolm Earle Smith, uye reedmen Richard White, Robert Fowler, naAlan Barnes kuti vape kududzirwa kwemumhanzi weavo vasipo mazwi.
Kwemakore makumi mana, Bryan Ferry akatora nzira yake yemimhanzi. Munzira dzakawanda Nguva yeJazz inonyanya kufanana neFerry. Murume wacho agara achizadza apo zviratidzo zvese zvingaratidza zag. Anogara achidudzira zvakare zvinyorwa-angave Dylan, Brian Wilson, kana Cole Porter-saka chii chinofanira kunge chinotyisa pamusoro pechirongwa chinotangazve nziyo dzake? Kune rimwe divi, Sarudzo yaFerry yekudonhedza mazwi ake, kudzika nziyo uye obva adzidzosera sechikamu cheKutinhira Kwemakumi maviri Epamusoro Gumi zvirokwazvo ndiko kufamba kwake kwakanyanya. Nguva yeJazz shimmies, shakes, bounces, uye rolls semutambo wekutaura. Usarasikirwa nekunakidzwa.
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Zvinyorwa zvaJohn Zavesky zvakaburitswa muCounterpunch, Palestinian Chronicle, Dissident Voice, ivo Los Angeles Times, nemamwe mabhuku.
