Kumukira kweArab muna 1916 kwakatungamirwa naSharif Hussein bin Ali kuti maArabu azvimiririre kubva kuHumambo hweOttoman. VaOttoman vakadzingwa. Kumukirana kukuru zvisinei kwakasarudzwa nemaBritish nemaFrench. Mushure megore ra1945, nyika dzechiArab dzakasiyana zvishoma nezvishoma dzakava nhengo dzakazvimirira dzeUnited Nations. Asi kazhinji kuzvimiririra kwavo kwakasarudzwa neUnited States semutsivi weGreat Britain semutongi wekunze, aine basa diki rekuenderera mberi reFrance muMaghreb neLebanon.
Chimurenga chechipiri cheArab chave kutanga kwemamwe makore ikozvino. Yakawana pfuti yakakura muruoko kubva mukumukira kwakabudirira kwevechidiki vekuTunisia mwedzi wapfuura. Apo pwere dzakashinga dzinoisa upenyu hwadzo mungozi kuti dzimirisane nehurumende youdzvinyiriri yakashata zvikuru ndokubudirira chaizvoizvo mukubvisa purezidhendi pachigaro, munhu anofanira kuombera maoko. Chero zvingazoitika, yaive nguva yakanaka kuvanhu. Mubvunzo unogara ndewokuti, chii chinozotevera?
Chaizvoizvo, pane mibvunzo miviri. Kumukira uku kwakabudirira sei, nepo kumwe kuedza kwakawanda munyika dzakawanda kusina? Uye zvino ndiani achave vakundi uye vakakundwa muTunisia, kumwe kunhu munyika yeArab, munyika yose-hurongwa?
Hazvisi nyore kupandukira hurumende yehudzvanyiriri. Hurumende ine pfuti nemari yainayo, uye kazhinji inogona kungodzvinyirira kuedza kuipikisa mumigwagwa. Zviito zvekufananidzira, sekuzviuraya kwemumwe mutengesi wemumugwagwa mudiki mutaundi riri kure reTunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi, achipokana nezviito zvevamiririri vehurumende, zvinogona kuita kuti vamwe varatidzire, sezvakaitika kuTunisia. Asi kuti chiito ichi chiendese kukupidigura kwe hurumende, panofanira kuva nemakoronyera muhurumende iyoyo.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvaive pachena. Hapana mauto kana gendarmerie akange akagadzirira kupfura varatidziri, achisiya basa iri kuvakuru vemutungamiri wenyika. Zvakanga zvisina kukwana, uye Mutungamiri Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali nemhuri yake vaifanira kutiza, vachikwanisa kuwana utiziro muSaudi Arabia chete. Kuti paive nekuputika muhurumende kunoratidzwa zvakajeka nenyaya yekuti vatungamiri vebato raBen Ali, vachiedza kupona dutu, vakave nechokwadi chekusunga munhu mukuru wemichina yekumanikidzira yaBen Ali, Abdelwahab Abdallah, kuti arege kuvasunga. . Rangarira kuti, mushure mekufa kwaStalin, vatsivi vakakurumidza kusunga Lavrenti Beria nechikonzero chimwe chete.
Zvechokwadi, mushure mokunge Ben Ali atiza, nyika yose yakaombera, kunze kweKaddafi yeLibhiya neBerlusconi yeItaly, vakaramba vachidzivirira unhu hwaBen Ali. Mukuru wekunze waBen Ali mutsigiri, France, akanyara zvakakwana kureurura "zvikanganiso" zvekutonga. United States, yasiya Tunisia kune yainzi yakachengeteka maoko evaFrench, haina kunzwa kukosha kwekukumbira ruregerero rwakafanana.
Sezvakataurwa nemunhu wese, muenzaniso weTunisia wakakurudzira mugwagwa weArab kumwewo kuti utevedze nzira yakafanana - kunyanya panguva ino muEgypt, Yemen, neJorodhani. Sezvandinonyora, hazvina chokwadi kana Mutungamiri Hosni Mubarak wekuEgypt vachakwanisa kurarama.
Zvino, ndivanaani vakundi nevakundwa? Hatizoziva kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu, pamwe kwenguva refu, ndiani achauya kuzotonga muTunisia, muEgypt, kwese kwese munyika dzeArab. Kumukira kunongoerekana kwaitika kunoumba mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neaya muRussia muna 1917 apo, mumutsara unozivikanwa waLenin, "simba rakanga riri mumugwagwa," uye naizvozvo boka rakarongeka, rakatsunga rinogona kuitora, izvo zvakaitwa nevaBolshevik.
Mamiriro chaiwo ezvematongerwo enyika munyika yega yega yeArab akasiyana. Hakuchina nyika yechiArab nhasi ine bato rakasimba rakarongeka, renyika, rakasimba semaBolsheviks, rakagadzirira kuedza kutora masimba. Kune akasiyana bourgeois akasununguka mafambiro angada kuita basa guru, asi vashoma vavo vanoita sevane hwaro hwakakosha. Mafambiro akanyanya kurongeka ndeaya echiIslam. Asi mafambiro aya haasi eruvara rumwe chete. Mavhezheni avo ehurumende yechiIslam anobva kune ayo anoshivirira mamwe mapoka, seaveko nhasi muTurkey, kuenda kushanduro yakaoma yemutemo weShar'ia (sekutevedzwa kwakaitwa maTaliban muAfghanistan) kuenda pakati pemhando dzakaita seMuslim Brotherhood mu. Ijipita. Zvigumisiro maererano nehutongi hwemukati hazvina chokwadi uye zvinoshanduka. Uye saka ndiani anokunda mukati haana chokwadi zvakanyanya.
Asi zvakadiniko namasimba okunze, ayo anobatanidzwa zvikuru mukuedza kudzora mugariro wacho? Mukuru wekunze mutambi iUnited States. Yechipiri iIran. Zvimwe zvose - Turkey, France, Great Britain, Russia, China - hazvina kukosha asi zvakadaro zvakakosha.
Murasikirwi mukuru wechipiri weArab Revolt zviri pachena kuti United States. Mumwe anogona kuzviona nekushamisika kunoshamisa kwehurumende yeUS panguva ino. United States (semamwe masimba makuru epasirese) inoisa mucherechedzo mumwe pamberi pemamwe ese - hutongi hune hushamwari kwairi. Washington inoda kuva kudivi re anohwina, chero bedzi anenge akunda asina ruvengo. Chii chekuita ipapo mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neaya eEgypt, iyo parizvino iri mutengi-nyika yeUnited States? United States yakaderedzwa kudaidza pachena kune imwe "democracy," hapana mhirizhonga, uye nhaurirano. Seri kwezviitiko, vanoita sevakaudza mauto eEgypt kuti arege kunyadzisa United States nekupfura vanhu vakawanda. Asi Mubarak anogona kurarama asina kupfura vanhu vakawanda here?
Chimurenga chechipiri cheArabu chirikuitika mukati memhirizhonga yepasi rose umo zvinhu zvitatu zviri kutonga - chiyero chiri kudzikira chekurarama kwezvinosvika zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevanhu vepasi rose; kuwedzera kunokatyamadza mumari yazvino yezvikamu zvidiki zvepamusoro; uye kuderera kwakakomba kwesimba rinoshanda reinonzi simba guru, United States. Chimurenga chechipiri cheArab, zvisinei, chinozowedzera kukanganisa simba reUS, kunyanya munyika dzeArab, chaizvo nekuti hwaro hwechokwadi hwekuzivikanwa kwezvematongerwo enyika munyika idzi nhasi kupokana nekupindira kweUnited States muzvinhu zvavo. Kunyangwe avo vanowanzoda uye vanovimba nekubatanidzwa kweUS vari kuona zvine njodzi mune zvematongerwo enyika kuramba vachidaro.
Mukundi mukuru wekunze iIran. Hutongi hweIran pasina mubvunzo hunoonekwa nekufungira kukuru, pamwe nekuti hausi maArabu uye pamwe nekuti iShi'a. Zvisineyi mutemo weU.S. wakapa Iran chipo chayo chikuru -- kudzingwa kwaSaddam Hussein pachigaro. Saddam anga ari muvengi weIran anotyisa uye anoshanda zvakanyanya. Vatungamiri veIran vanogona kutaura chikomborero chezuva nezuva kuna George W. Bush nokuda kwechipo chinoshamisa ichi. Vakavakira pamhepo iyi nemutemo wakangwara umo vakaratidza kuti vakagadzirira kutsigira mafambiro asiri maShi'ite akadai seHamas, chero bedzi vachipokana zvakanyanya neIsrael uye nekupindira kweUS mudunhu.
Mukundi mudiki anga ari Turkey. Turkey yakanga yakarebesa kumauto akakurumbira munyika dzeArab nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvekuti ndiyo yaive mugari wenhaka yeHumambo hweOttoman uye kuti yaive yakabatana neUnited States. Hutongi hwemazuva ano hwakasarudzwa nemukurumbira, bato rechiIslam iro risingatsvage kuisa mutemo weshar'ia kuvanhu vese asi zviri nyore. droit de cité yekucherechedzwa kwechiIslam, yafamba munzira yekutsigira yechipiri Chimurenga cheArab, kunyangwe paine njodzi yekukanganisa hukama hwayo hwaimbova hwakanaka neIsrael neUnited States.
Uye zvechokwadi mukundi mukuru wechipiri weChimurenga cheArab achave, nekufamba kwenguva, ave maArabu.
na Immanuel Wallerstein
[Copyright naImmanuel Wallerstein, yakagoverwa neAgence Global. Kune kodzero nemvumo, kusanganisira shanduro nekutumira kunzvimbo dzisiri dzekutengesa, uye kubata: [email inodzivirirwa], 1.336.686.9002 kana 1.336.286.6606. Mvumo inopihwa kudhawunirodha, kutumira nemagetsi, kana e-mail kune vamwe, chero chinyorwa chikaramba chakasimba uye chinyorwa chekodzero chinoratidzwa. Kuti ubate munyori, nyora: [email inodzivirirwa].
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