Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti "Europe" haipo. Kanenge kwete mu
mwoyo nepfungwa dzevaEurope. Mazuva maviri chete vapedza hondo
kurwisa Yugoslavia, yakasarudzwa uye yakarwiwa neUnited States, gumi neshanu
nyika dzeEuropean Union (EU) dzakavhota pamwe chete nechido
zvino zvapupurwa zvakanyanya muUnited States: 51% yakasara kunze. Makore mashanu
kare, iyo abstention rate yakamhanya pa43.2%. Izvi zvainzi zvakanyanyisa
then; muna 1989, mwero wakanga uri 42%; muna 1994, 39%; muna 1979, 37%…
Euro inoberekwa, Paramende yeEurope haina simba kupfuura zvayaimboita
kuva, hondo yakarwiwa pavhu reEurope. Uye zvakadaro, muFrance, mutongo
Bato reSocialist rakakunda nechikamu chete gumi kubva muzana chevavhoti vanokodzera. In
Britain, uko vanhu vakavhota vaive 23%, mumwechete muvatatu vavhoti akafuratira sarudzo
zvaitoitika. Kunze kwemahofisi ebhizinesi nemabhodhi ekunyora,
euro-enthusiasm yakasarudzwa zvakaoma kuwana.
Nei zvichifanira kudaro? Dai Europe yaizoreva chimwe chinhu, yaizodaro
kumiririra muenzaniso wehupfumi wakasiyana neAmerican prototype uye
simbisa mutemo wekunze kubva kune wakarairwa neWashington. Pazvose
zvibodzwa, kuodzwa mwoyo kwakanyanya sezvo Europe inogadzirira kubhadhara
mutengo wekuvakazve izvo zvakaparadzwa nendege dzeAmerica muBalkan
uye sezvo zvikwata zvemuEurope zvakagadzirirwa kuita basa rinotungamira mukubvisa zvimbambaira
kubva mudunhu.
Kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, uye kunyanya panguva yekusingaperi kwaFrançois Mitterrand
purezidhendi (1981-1995), vazhinji veEuropean socialist vanga vachiti yavo
kurongeka paWashington-diplomacy yayo, marongero ayo ehupfumi emusika-yaive
icho chisingafadzi chigadzirwa che "European solidarities" zvakanyanya kuumbwa ne
hurumende dzekurudyi muBritain neGermany. Europe haigone kuve yemagariro, isu
vakaudzwa, chero bedzi maSocialists vakaramba vari vashoma vakasiyana muEurope.
Mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, zvese zvaifanira kunge zvachinja. Nemasarudzo
kukundwa kweChristian Democrats yaHelmut Kohl muGermany, gumi nerimwe kunze kwe
gumi neshanu hurumende dzeEurope dzaidzorwa nekuruboshwe-kwe-pakati mubatanidzwa,
kunyanya kusanganisira maGreens muGermany neFrance nemakomunisti kana aimbova
macommunist muFrance neItaly. Naizvozvo, mana makuru eEurope
nyika dzakava (uye dzichiri) dzichitongwa neruboshwe, nepo
Zvakapesana chaizvo zvakanga zviri zvechokwadi makore maviri akanga apfuura. Asi, sezvaaigona kuita munhu
kufungidzira, shanduko kubva kuMajor-Juppé-Kohl-Berlusconi kuenda kuBlair-Jospin-Schröder-d'Alema
haina kumbochinja nzira yeEurope.
Vanhu vekuAmerica vanoziva nezvenyaya yekuti shanduko kubva kuBush kuenda kuClinton (ku
Bush?) inogona kusazivisa kutanga kwehurongwa hutsva hwegutsaruzhinji. Izvi zvingava chikonzero
saka vashoma vavo vanozvinetsa kuvhota. Europe yaimbova yakasiyana. Pasinei ne
chokwadi chekuti mapato anotungamira esocialist (kana egutsaruzhinji) akaramba achitsauka
kodzero, vachirasa mazhinji eegalitarian ideology yavo mukuita, the
kuzvikudza uye kusununguka-musika kunyanyisa kweEuropean Conservatives (senge
Margaret Thatcher kana Silvio Berlusconi), kukuvadzwa kwavaigona kukanganisa pa
ichiri kushanda welfare state, yakaita kuti makwikwi esarudzo akwane nguva yawo.
Nokudaro kugomera kwekuzorora kwakazunungusa Britain, France, Italy, neGermany apo,
munyika idzodzo, Rudyi rwakatumirwa kurongedza nevavhoti.
Mamwe eakakunda akasiya, zvakare, akange asiri chigadzirwa chekushambadzira
mushandirapamwe, anoshanda mabhayiti uye "triangulation". MuFrance, nokuti
semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwekodzero kwaJospin kusingatarisirwi muna 1997 kwakakonzera zvakawanda
kuunganidza kukuru kwakakurumbira uko, mwedzi gumi nemisere zvisati zvaitika, kwakazunungusa
ruvimbo rwerudyi rwekuti hurumende yaro inogona kuita zvemahara-musika "shanduko".
Apo, pana December 12 1995, mamiriyoni maviri eFrance akaratidzira mukurwisana ne
kuedza kubvisa chikamu chehurumende yehutano, The Economist
zvakanyatsotora mamiriro enguva : « Varwi nemiriyoni, mhirizhonga
in the street : the événements in France over the past twonight make the
nyika inoratidzika sebhanana republic umo hurumende iri yoga
kurwisa kumanikidza IMF kune vanhu vane hutsinye ». Chokwadi, chokwadi
yakanga yarasika mumigwagwa nemumafekitari isati yatombowana mukana
kukundwa musarudzo.
Mune zvematongerwo enyika mushure mekukunda kwesarudzo, saka yaive iyo
kuruboshwe rwekuvaka zambuko kuzana ramakore rechi21 uye kuEurope kugarisana nevamwe.
Mushure memusika wakafanana uye mari yakafanana, mumwe kubva zvino aifanira kunetseka
nezvemutemo wakafanana webasa uye zvakatipoteredza. Hapana zvakawanda zvakaitwa mune izvi
kuremekedza, zvisinei, kunyanya muGermany uko hurumende yeSchröder yairatidzika
hobbling kubva pakukundwa kuenda pakudzokera shure. Kutsiviwa kwaOskar Lafontaine naHans Eichel
yakanga yajekesa pfungwa iyi zvinorwadza, kutsvairwa kwaLionel Jospin
zvinongozvisimbisa: misika, kwete "Socialist" hurumende, dziri kutonga
hupfumi hwenyika hutsva.
Bva, mavhiki mashomanene apfuura, vezvemagariro evanhu vokuEurope vakazivisa kubatana kwavo; ivo
akagadzira yakajairika 21-point manifesto muMilan; vakaungana muParis
Blair, Schroder, Jospin, uye d'Alema. Uye vakavimbisa kuti hukama hwakanyanya
Europe, isingaonekwi kune vanoisa mari, yaizobhabhatidzwa nesarudzo.
Hope idzi dzakasvika pakuzivisa kuti Clinton anogona kukweretesa ruoko: handizvo
Iye munhu woruboshwewo here?
Uku kubatana kwesocialist uye pfungwa yechinangwa zvakapona kwemaawa 48 chete. Tatu
mazuva sarudzo dzisati dzaitwa, Blair naSchroder vakatanga yavo Clintonian «
nzira yechitatu »manifesto, mukuita kuparadzanisa Jospin (ane hurumende inosanganisira
vashumiri vechiKomonisiti). Vese Blair naSchroder vakakurudzira kudzorwa kwemitero uye musika
deregulation; vese vakapika kuchengetedza "chikamu chemuhoro wakaderera". Sezvo ivo
yakatsanangurwa mune yakasarudzika "mutsva wesocialist" vein, "misika mikuru inofanirwa
kuvhurwa kuitira kuti mafemu ari kukura uye vezvemabhizinesi vakwanise kuwana mukana wakagadzirira
mari. Pakazara mutero wekushanda nesimba uye bhizinesi unofanirwa kudzikiswa
".
The Financial Times akazvibatanidza zvese, asingakwanise kunyatso zadzisa
glee : « Chirongwa chegutsaruzhinji chakatangwa naTony Blair naGerhard
Schröder anoti zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakanaka nezve hupfumi hwemusika (…) a
hupfumi hwakasimba hune huso hwakaoma asi hunyoro (…) Gwaro rinonyanya
Mupiro unokosha ndewekuita kwekuvaka kubvumirana kutsva kweEU,
kupindira kushoma mune yemahara uye yakavhurika hupfumi ».
"Mupiro" wakaratidza kuti wakanaka… Zvikuru nekuda kwesarudzo
Kubuda kweBritish Labor Party uye yeGerman Social Democrats, ese ari maviri
vasingakwanisi kuunganidza vavhoti vavo pamusoro pemitemo Financial Times
vakanga vatsigira (muBritain, nhamba yevaridzi yakaderera kusvika ku18% mumatunhu eLabour), the
Boka remasocialist muParamende yeEuropean rakarasikirwa zvachose nezvigaro makumi matatu nemana-uye zvayo
ruzhinji rwehama. Nekuda kweizvozvo, European People's Party (Christian
MaDemocrats / Conservatives) rave bato rakakura kwazvo rezvematongerwo enyika mu
European Parliament. Iyo yepakati-kuruboshwe ikozvino inogona kuregererwa kubva pakugadza iyo
kufambira mberi kwevashandi uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza iyo yaiti inoda kunyange zvayo
Hurumende gumi neimwe hadzina chadzakaita kuvasimudzira pavaikwanisa.
Kana iri mutemo wakazvimirira wekunze, zvinhu zvakatojeka uye sezvakangoita
rima kuEurope. Pasina nguva hondo yekurwisa Yugoslavia yapera-hondo apo,
pazvinangwa zve2000 zvakasarudzwa neNato, vese kunze kwechimwe chete vakasarudzwa neUS
hungwaru-Javier Solana, munyori mukuru weNato panguva yekubhomba,
akava mukuru wekutanga wemitemo yezvekune dzimwe nyika nechengetedzo yeEurope. Mr.
Solana aimbova pacifist. Iyewo mugari wesosha. Asi kubheja kwakachengeteka ikoko
Washington nemutungamiri wayo wekuruboshwe havafanire kutya dambudziko rakawandisa kubva kwaari.
Serge Halimi
The diplomatic world