Zvinoshamisa here kuti dambudziko risingacherechedzwe redambudziko rehupfumi hwenyika pakati pevezveupfumi hwekuMadokero nderekuti makambani ekuMadokero emarudzi akawanda nemabhanga ari mushishi kutenga zvinhu zvinoyevedza zvehupfumi izvo nyika yechitatu inofanirwa kupa nemitengo yepasi? Pakumhanya kwavo kwazvino vanogona kugadzirisa, mumakore mashoma chete, kufambira mberi kwese kudzosera hupfumi hwavo hwakaitwa neanopokana-imperialist pasirese masangano nehurumende mukati memakore makumi mashanu apfuura. Vanogona kuzviita pasina mari yekutora mauto. Vanogona kuzviita pasina kupfura. Sezvinongoita kudzikiswa kunorwadza kwekusaenzana nehupfumi mukati mehupfumi hwepamusoro hwakahwina nekuedza kukuru kwekuronga uye kuzvipira kwevanhu nemamiriyoni evaratidziri vanofambira mberi mukati mezvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri zvakatsvairwa mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura; zvese zvakawanwa zvemafambiro makuru ekurwisa ma impiriyamu emuzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri anogona kukurumidza kupedzwa nehurongwa hweutongi hwejekerere uye dambudziko rayo repasi rose rinozotevera.
Chii chingave chikuru chepasi rose "asset swindle" yenguva dzese chinoshanda seizvi: vatengesi vepasi rese vanorasikirwa nekuvimba muhupfumi hwenyika yechitatu vachirasa mari yayo, mabhondi, uye masheya. Pakusimbirira kweIMF, bhanga guru renyika yechitatu rinosimbisa mari yekuwedzera mubereko wepamba kudzivirira imwe mari inobuda mukuedza kusingabudiriri kuchengetedza mari. Kunyangwe makambani epamba ane hutano haachakwanise kuwana kana kutenga zvikwereti saka vanopinda mumapoka emabhizinesi epamba akabhuroka anowanikwa kuti atengwe. Sechisungo chekugamuchira bailout yeIMF hurumende inobvisa chero zvirambidzo zvasara pavaridzi vekunze vemakambani, mabhanga, uye ivhu. Nekuderera kwemari yomunzvimbomo, uye ndaza refu yemabhizimisi omunzvimbomo ari kubhuroka, upfumi hwagadzirira nokuda kwenyanzvi dzokutenga dzinobva kumasangano amarudzi akawanda okuMadokero namabhangi vanouya kukutengeswa kwemoto vaine chitsama chakakora chemadhora ane simba rose muhomwe dzavo.
MuWashington Post munaNovember 28, 1998 Sandra Sugawara akashuma kubva kuBangkok:
Mapoka evanoisa mari kunze kwenyika vari kuyerera vachidzokera kuThailand, vachiwedzera mitengo yemakamuri kumahotera epamusoro eBangkok kunyangwe kudzikira. Vanoisa mari kunze kwenyika vaenda pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemazana manomwe emadhora gore rino, vachitora zvigayo zvesimbi, makambani ekuchengetedza, cheni dzezvitoro, nezvimwe zvinhu. Mapeji mashoma kuseri kwenyaya dzekudzingwa uye kubhuroka kushambadzira kwakakura kunodiwa nerubatsiro kunofambiswa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda. General Electric Capital Corp., iyo yakawedzera chikamu chayo muThailand gore rino kuburikidza nekudyara kukuru kutatu mumakambani emari nemakadhi echikwereti, iri kutsvaga mazana enyanzvi mune zvemari uye accounting, sekureva kweimwe ad. General Motors Corp. iri kupinza basa nehasha kune yayo hombe nyowani yeThai yekugadzira mota, yakarongwa kuvhurwa mumakore maviri. "
Nicholas Kristof akawedzera pane iyi dingindira mu New York Times musi waKukadzi 1, 1999 muchinyorwa chakanzi "Mikova yeAsia Zvino Yakavhurika kune Bhizinesi reAmerica."
"Iri idambudziko, asi zvakare mukana wakakura kuUS," akadaro Muthiah Alagappa, nyanzvi yekuMalaysia kuEast-West Center muHonolulu. "Izvi zvinosimbisa nzvimbo yemakambani eAmerica muAsia." Chiratidzo chakajeka chekuti dambudziko reAsia raizoenderera mberi nehurongwa hweAmerica hwakauya muna Zvita, apo nyika dze102 dzakabvuma kuvhura misika yezvemari kumakambani ekunze kutanga muna 1999. Hazvizivikanwe kuti chibvumirano chichaitwa sei, asi chinoratidza kukunda kwakakosha kune. iyo US, iyo inokunda mubhangi, inishuwarenzi uye kuchengetedzwa. Chaizvoizvo chibvumirano ichi uye dzimwe shanduko dziri kuuya nekuti nyika dzeAsia, hupfumi hwadzo huri kupera, havasisina pfungwa imwe chete mukunetsekana kwavo kuchengetedza hutongi. Vachishuva mari, havakwanise kusarudza nekusarudza, vasingakwanise kumirisana neAmerica kana homwe yemari inoda kuti vavhure.
MuThailand, nedzvinyiriro kubva kuhomwe yemari, hurumende yakamanikidzwa kurasa mutemo waiganhura makambani ekunze kune chikamu che25 muzana mumakambani emari eThai. Citibank yakasaina chibvumirano chekunzwisisa pakutenga kwebhangi guru reThai, First Bangkok City Bank.
MuIndonesia, hurumende yakati mabhanga ekunze anogona kutora chikamu mubhanga guru idzva richaumbwa kubva kune akati wandei asina kusimba. Chirongwa chemotokari chenyika chiri kurasikirwa nemabhenefiti akakosha, izvo zvinonyatso kuvhura musika wemotokari kumakwikwi makuru ekunze. "Zvitoro zvedu zvese nemakambani zvakachipa," akadaro Jusuf Wanandi, mukuru wesangano rekutsvagisa muJakarta, Indonesia. "Panogona kunge paine tsika yekuti vatorwa vatore zvese."
Kana iri Japan, yakabvumirana neChishanu kune chikamu chakakosha, chakarambwa kwemakore mazhinji, kusunungura hukama hwekufamba nendege kuenda kuUnited States. Chibvumirano chendege chichareva mikana yakawanda kundege dzekuAmerica. Munzvimbo yezvemari, Merrill Lynch ari kutaura nezve kutenga chikamu chebazi network yeYamaichi Securities, hofori yeJapan femu yakadonha muna Mbudzi. Muna Zvita, Fidelity Investments yakavhura makaunda mumabhanga ekuJapan kuti atengese mutual funds zvakanangana nevatengi vekuJapan, uye makambani ekunze akabudirira gore rapfuura mukupeta kaviri huwandu hwemari yeJapan iyo yaanotarisira, kusvika kune inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora. Imwe mhedzisiroโฆ ndeye "big bang" kuvhurwa kwemisika yemari yeJapan, kutanga Kubvumbi 20โฆ. Iyo big bang inotarisirwa kugadzira mikana mitsva yemabhanga eAmerica neEurope nemafemu ekuchengetedza. โNdinotyira kuti mabhanga eAmerica achapinda ndokutora chinhu chiri chose pashure pebhanga guru,โ akadaro mumwe mubhangi wokuJapan. Kristof anopa pfupiso inotevera - inoshamisa nekutendeseka kwayo:
Imwe yemhedzisiro inosvika kure yedambudziko rezvemari rekuAsia ichave yakawedzera zvakanyanya bhizinesi reAmerica muAsia - kunyanya mumisika yakaita sebhanga iyo yakagara ichinetseka uye kazhinji yakavharwa. Kudzvinyirirwa kwemusika - kunyanya kusuwa mari - uye kumwe kutenderedzwa maoko neUS neIMF zvinoreva kuti makambani ekuMadokero ari kuwana kupinda mumisika yeAsia yakambovharwa. Pakati pevanonyanya kukosha vanobatsirwa sezvo misika yeAsia yakavhurwa makambani emari eAmerica, kunyanya ayo akaita seCitibank anga achitovaka kuvapo kwavo muAsia. Mikana inotarisirwawo kumakambani emaindasitiri akaita seGeneral Motors kana vatengesi vakuru seWalmart vanoshanda muzvikamu umo zvipingamupinyi zvekupinda zvanga zvakajairika. Nyika dzeAsia dzave kuvhura hupfumi hwadzo zvishoma mumakore achangopfuura, asi kazhinji vanga vachifarira kubvuma McDonald's kupfuura Citibank. Hurumende dzedunhu dzimwe nguva dzine mabhanga uye dzinenge dzagara dzichiadzora, uye vatungamiriri vaigara vachiona mabhanga emuAmerica akashata seasingadzoreki, asingavimbike uye asingafungidzike mabhanga pamagedhi avo. Uye zvino masuo ari kupera.
Uye nguva kubva pamaonero eUS, yakakwana: mirau iri kurerutswa sezvakaita mabhangi eAsia, zvibatiso, kunyangwe ndege dziri kuuya pamusika nemitengo yemitengoโฆ. Mitengo yemasheya nemari yadzikira kusvika pari zvino zvekuti zvinogona kudhura mitengo iri pasi pechishanu chezhizha rapfuura kutenga kambani yekuIndonesia kana yekuThai. "Ino inguva yakanaka yekutenga," akadaro Divyang Shah, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi muSingapore yeIDEA kambani inobvunza zvemari. "Zvakafanana nekutengesa moto."
Kana nyika yakabira nemabhanga uye njanji muUS West yakabata maziso e "muckraker" pakutanga kwezana ramakore rapfuura, munhu anogona kungoshamisika kuti chizvarwa chitsva chevanyarikani vepasirese vachazonyora chii pamusoro pechingave chiri chikuru chepasi rose chepfuma. yenguva dzose dziri kuitika iko zvino, pakutanga kwemireniyamu itsva.
Robin Hahnel anodzidzisa zvehupfumi paAmerican University uye munyori wemabhuku akawanda anosanganisira Kutarisa Mberi naMichael Albert, South End Press.