funga
kudzoka kwechinguvana kusvika pakupera kwaZvita naNdira. Pakave nekutsamwa kukuru
pamusoro pekukunda kwe5-4 Bush muDare Repamusorosoro. Nhamba huru yevanhu, ivo
yakakura kubva paHondo yeVietnam, yakaratidzwa muD.C. muna Ndira 20,
zuva rekugadzwa, vachipesana nekusarudzwa kwaBush seMutungamiri. Nyaya hombe dzaive
kutakurwa mumapepanhau makuru nezveFlorida uye matambudziko edu
inodiwa "democracy". Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kukuru kwepasi, 42 maDemocrats akawana iyo
ushingi hwezvematongerwo enyika kuti vavhote vachipokana neasingatendeuke-winger John Ashcroft for
Gweta-General. Paive nekunzwa kujeka pakati pevazhinji mukufambira mberi
kufamba kwataigona kuita nhanho dzinokosha mberi mubasa rakaoma re
kuvandudza hurongwa hwesarudzo.
zvinenge
kusvika Kubvumbi naMay. Pasinei nekuenderera mberi kwebasa rehuwandu hwekufambira mberi
uye mapoka ari pakati nepakati, nyaya yekuvandudzwa kwesarudzo yakaita seyapera
muzambiringa wemapato maviri ezvematongerwo enyika. Kunyangwe pakanga paine gakava risati ramboitika kwemavhiki maviri mukati
Senate pamutemo weMcCain-Feingold, nyaya hombe dzaive dzeBush
mutero wekucheka, National Missile Defense, mutemo wesimba, kubvisa kubva kuKyoto
zvibvumirano zvekudziya kwepasi rose, nedzimwe nhau dzakaipa. The bi-coastal Voter Marches muD.C.
uye San Francisco pakati paMay yakakwevera vasingapfuure zviuru zvishoma zvevanhu uye vanenge
hapana kuburitswa kwenhau. Uye vezvenhau vanotenderera vakaisa pamishumo yekutanga yenhau
kudzokororwa kwemavhoti eFlorida kwakaita kuti zviite sekunge Bush junior aizokunda
Florida kunyangwe pakave nekudzokorora.
The
mwedzi waChikumi, zvisinei, yaive nyaya yakasiyana, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu: the
kuburitswa kweU.S. Commission on Civil Rights report pakuferefeta kwavo
kunyimwa kukuru kwevavhoti muFlorida, iyo Democracy Summer Institute pa
Florida A & M muTallahassee, uye Pro-Democracy Convention muPhiladelphia.
Mukubatana nekuramba, pasi-the-radar, zvakakosha grassroots
kuronga nezvenyaya dzehutongo hwesarudzo dziri kuitika munyika yose, izvi
budiriro, kunyanya kubudirira kweDemocracy Zhizha nePro-Democracy
Kokorodzano, zvijekese kuti, mugore rino ra2001, sarudzo yakazvimirira
sangano rekururamisira rabuda panzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika.
The
kukosha kwezvematongerwo enyika kwebudiriro iyi hakugone kuwedzeredzwa, kune akati wandei
zvikonzero:
-
It
kungadai kwave kuchiodza mwoyo uye chinhu chakaipa kwazvo kana kufamba kunofambira mberi
yanga isati yasvika pabasa rekupindura kubiwa kweRepublican kwe
Hutungamiri uye mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu eFlorida circus. Chokwadi chekuti zvibodzwa zve
masangano uye mazana mazhinji evaratidziri vanomiririra makumi ezviuru zve
zvakawanda zvakauya pamwe chete munaJune muTallahassee nePhiladelphia, nekuzvipira
kuenderera mberi nebasa, chiratidzo chetariro.
-
Bato rinorwira hutongi hwejekerere rakabuda *kubva pamavambo raro* sea
kufamba kwemarudzi akawanda nehutungamiriri hukuru kubva kuvanhu vane ruvara. Zvaisava izvi
tsaona. Zvakaitika nekuda kwekuzvipira kumusangano wakadaro pa
chikamu chevarongi vakuru, avo vane ruvara uye vasina, veDemocracy Summer
uye Pro-Democracy Convention.
-
Vaive pachiitiko chaChikumi vaisanganisira vavhoti veNader, vaGore voters uye
vamwe, uye pakanga paine, sekuziva kwangu, HAKUNA kurwiswa kweruzhinji nemumwe pane
zvimwe. Izvi zvaisanganisira nhengo dzinotungamira dzeCongressional Black Caucus,
vamiriri veNational Action Network uye Rainbow/PUSH, Green Party
vatungamiri, vamwe vanomiririra masangano evashandi, zvikuru vashandi vatema, vane mukurumbira
vatungamiri vesangano revakadzi, uye kusiyana kwemapoka ari Kuruboshwe, ku
taura zvishoma.
-
Vechidiki vanodarika zana kubva kumativi mana enyika vakapinda muChirimo cheDemocracy
Institute, uye vakati wandei vavo vakaenda kuPhiladelphia kunopinda
Pro-Democracy Convention. Bato rinotsigira democracy rabva pasi
nevaduku sevatambi vakuru uye simba guru.
-
Mushure memakore makumi matatu nematatu ekufambira mberi kwekuratidzira, kusanganisira makumi maviri neshanu sebato rechitatu
murwiri, ndave nechokwadi chekuti pane tariro shoma yatingazombofa
zadzisa zvinangwa zvedu zvepro-justice, zvirongwa zvepurogiramu kunze kwekunge takwanisa kuita
kupindira kwakakosha negwaro rekuvandudzwa kwesarudzo. Mapato maviri,
inotongwa nemari, inokunda-kutora-yose hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika iguva rekupedzisira
mafambiro anofambira mberi *nekuti tinonyimwa chero anoenderana
kutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika/kwesarudzo.* Tinochengetwa kumucheto, tisingakwanisi kukunda
akakwana echitatu bato kukunda kuti aonekwe seanovimbika uye "vatambi" nevakawanda
vavhoti kana, kazhinji chokwadi, vakaderedzwa kusvika pakupemha kana kuda kuti
Democratic Party, kwete mubatsiri akavimbika, inotora zvikonzero zvedu. Hatizodaro
buda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kusvikira tashandura zvakakwana zvemitemo isina kururama ye
mutambo wekuti sarudzo yekutamba iri munzira yekuve nhanho uye
zvakanaka.
ichi
haisi nguvawo zvayo yezvematongerwo enyika. Pane mikana yekufambisira mberi kwesarudzo
reform agenda yatisina kuve nayo mumakore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Tinofanira kuita zvinoenderana naizvozvo
uye kutora nguva.
Nyika ye
the Movement
The
Bato rinotsigira democracy richiri padanho rekutanga rebudiriro sezvematongerwo enyika
kufamba. Mumwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, kunyanya nekuda kweDemocracy Zhizha uye
Pro-Democracy Convention, chinhu chekutanga chakaitika chakawedzera
kutaurirana nguva nenguva pakati pevazhinji vevatambi vakuru mune izvi
kufamba, kanenge chikamu chinofambira mberi chayo.
Zviri
zvakakosha kuziva kuti mazhinji emapoinzi gumi eBhuku reVavhoti re
Kodzero, gwaro rinotsigirwa nemasangano zana nemakumi maviri uye rinogamuchirwa nevakawanda se
chikuva chekubatanidza chebato rinofambira mberi redemocracy, variwo
inotsigirwa nemamwe mapoka ehurumende ane mwero uye akanaka. Zvimwe zvezvibodzwa zvayo ndizvo
inotsigirwa nemapoka anochengetedza, kunyanya anochengetedza mamwe mapato
ayo akavharirwawo kunze nemapato maviri maviri. Kana kufamba uku
kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaro, isu tichafanira kuva nemisimboti nezvedu
kuzvipira kune isina rusaruraganda, democracy yechokwadi uye inoshanduka tactically kuitira kuti
zvimwe zvinhu zviri mugwaro reVavhoti 'Bhiri reKodzero (VBR) ajenda, tinogona kubatana nazvo
avo vatinogovana navo nzira yakafanana, kana isina kukwana. Mienzaniso yekupedzisira
zvingava nyaya senge nyore kuwana kuvhota, midhiya uye nharo, pakarepo
runoff kuvhota, proportional representation, kunyoresa vavhoti kwezuva rimwe chete, uye
yakazvimirira, hutungamiriri hwehunyanzvi hwesarudzo.
There
kusaenzana parizvino kuti ndedzipi nyaya dzeVBR dziri kushandirwa
padanho repasi.
Mari yeruzhinji / kuwana mari kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika pasina mubvunzo ndiyo nyaya
uko kwave kune basa rakanyanya kutariswa mumakore akati wandei apfuura.
Chokwadi, kudzokera kuBato reBasa reSarudzo Democracy, zvakakosha
nhamba dzevarongi vave vachibatanidzwa munyaya iyi kweanenge gumi nemaviri
makore, nekukunda kunoratidza basa ravo.
Nekuda kwezvakaitika muFlorida, nyaya dzine chekuita nemuvhoti
kudzvinyirirwa, kunyanya kutevedzerwa kweMutemo weKodzero dzekuvhota nekuvhota
kodzero dzevaimbova vasungwa, dzakanyanya kuwanda mukuziva kwevanhu.
Mapoka akadai seNAACP, National Coalition for Black Civic Participation
uye Congressional Black Caucus vari pakati pemapoka makuru anopa hutungamiri
munzvimbo ino.
Kunyanya nekuda kwebasa reCentre for Voting and Democracy uye
Nader mushandirapamwe, nyaya dzekuvhota nekukurumidza (IRV) uye, kune mudiki
chiyero, proportional representation (PR), vakaona kuwedzera kukuru
zvose kufarira uye kuronga pamusoro pegore rapfuura. Alaska, Austin, Tx.,
Minneapolis, Mn., Vermont, New Mexico, Eugene, Or. uye Berkeley neOakland, Ca.
dziri pakati penzvimbo dzekukunda kwekongiri yeIRV kunogoneka munguva pfupi. 12
maparamende ehurumende ave neIRV mabhiri akaunzwa gore rino. Izvi ndezvechokwadi
inzvimbo yekukwira kumusoro.
Akasiyana-siyana mapato echitatu munyika yose arikuenderera mberi nenyundo
zviri pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo kushandura mitemo ine rusarura yekuvhota inoita
zvinonetsa kuti vamiriri vakazvimirira kana mapato echitatu vapinde musarudzo.
Richard Winger's Ballot Access News inoenderera mberi iri yakanakisa sosi yeiyi
zvichiitika panyaya iyi.
zvakare
nekuda kweFlorida, kune mikana yekumwe kufambira mberi munguva pfupi
nzvimbo yekuita kuti kuvhota kuve nyore uye kwakavimbika, kunyanya kusvika
kuvandudza michina yekuvhota uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi vesarudzo. Zvisinei, ipapo
mubvunzo mukuru wekuti kana zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvichagovaniswa pakuvandudzwa uku.
Pane zvakare nhaurirano irikuenderera mberi mukati medemocracy yepro-democracy nezve
hukama hwakanaka hwekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi ekuvhota zvichienzaniswa ne
yechinyakare, asi isinganyanyi kubira mavhoti, kuvhota kwemapepa.
There
inzvimbo dzinoverengeka dziri mukati meVavhoti 'Bhiri reKodzero dzeVavhoti idzo, kubva pa
panguva ino, hazviratidzike sezvinonyanya kutariswa pakuronga:
-
kunyoresa kuvhota kwezuva rimwe chete
-
kuita kuti kuvhota kuve nyore kuvadzidzi vari kuchikoro uye kure nekumba
-
kuita kuti zuva resarudzo rive zororo renyika kana pakupera kwevhiki
-
kuwana zviri nyore kunhepfenyuro nenhaurirano dzevanokwikwidza
-
statehood yeDunhu reColumbia (kunze kwekuronga
zvichiitika mukati meDunhu pacharo)
-
kubvisa Electoral College (kana kuti proportional kumiririra mu
kugoverwa kwevavhoti nenyika)
-
kutonga kwakazvimirira kwesarudzo
Future
tariro
In
pamusoro pebasa ririkuenderera mberi rakapoteredza zvakasiyana-siyana zveBhuku reVavhoti re
Kodzero, kune mamwe akati wandei akajeka kana angangoita mapurojekiti achave
kukura munguva inotevera.
A
huru ihuru uye iri nani Democracy Zhizha 2002. Varongi veizvi
yeDemocracy Summer Institute yegore yatotanga kukurukura izvi nekugadzira
zvirongwa zvekusvika kune mamwe masangano. Paiva netsigiro yakawanda
yechirongwa ichi chakaratidzwa paPro-Democracy Convention. Kufunga ndiko
kuti, nenguva yekutungamira yakakwana uye zviwanikwa, zhizha ra2002 rinogona kuva nguva
apo zvingangoita zviuru zvevechiduku zvaizobatanidzwa munzvimbo yose
nyika mukunyoreswa kukuru kwevavhoti, dzidzo, kubuda-kuvhota uye
chirongwa chekuvandudza sarudzo. Nezvikonzero zviri pachena, mushandirapamwe wakadaro, kana
zvikaitwa nemazvo, zvinogona kuve nekukosha, kwenguva pfupi yezvematongerwo enyika, ukuwo
kusimbaradza nekusimudzira bato rekutonga kwesarudzo kwenguva refu.
As
chikamu chekuronga kuenda kuDemocracy Zhizha 2002 pane kuwedzera kufarira
mune pfungwa ye "kutasva rusununguko" pamberi peDemocracy Zhizha. Iyi inofamba nzira
Zviratidziro zvaizoita hukama hwenhoroondo nemakwikwi erusununguko ema1960s
panguva yekusvika kune vechidiki nevadzidzi kuti vashande mune zvanhasi
rusununguko kufamba.
The
Center for Constitutional Rights, murongi wekutanga wePro-Democracy
Convention, yakazvipira kushanda pamwe nevabatsiri uye vanotsigira
Kokorodzano yekuita nhevedzano yemusangano kana mini-conference munzvimbo dzakatariswa
munyika yose. Zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuitika mukuwa uku.
There
imwezve danidziro inobvira. Panguva ino iri mukufungisisa kunoshanda
danho nemamwe mapoka akaronga zviito zviviri zveChikumi. Pfungwa yekuti
mushandirapamwe uyu unobva pachikumbiro chakapihwa naCongresswoman Maxine Waters,
vachitaura pamusangano wekutanga muTallahassee June 17 yeDemocracy
Institute.
Ms.
Mvura yakadenha vechidiki kuti vadzokere kunharaunda dzavo uye chaizvo
vanochera muzvirongwa zvesarudzo zvemunzvimbo mavo. Akavaudza kuti varonge kuenda
mahofisi esarudzo emunharaunda kuti aone kuti zvinhu zvinoshanda sei-chii chinoitika kana mumwe munhu
vanonyoresa kuvhota, kunyoresa kuvhota kunoendepi, zvinotora nguva yakadii kuti zviitwe
kugadzirwa, munhu anotumirwa kadhi rekunyoresa, hofisi inoita sei
gadziriro dzezuva resarudzo, vanoona sei kuti vogovera sei kuvhota
michina, anotarisira manejimendi ehofisi, nezvimwe.
Pane zvakawanda zvekukurudzira pfungwa iyi.
Mahofisi esarudzo ari munyika yose; kune zviuru zvavo. Vari
sangano rehurumende; kunyangwe ivo vachidzorwa nevamiriri ve
mapato maviri anotongwa nemakambani, anofanirwa kunge ari kushandisa avo
inoshanda nenzira yakajeka uye isina kwayakarerekera.
Yet a
nhamba yakanaka yadzo hadzina hunyanzvi, dzichishandisa tekinoroji yechinyakare, isingakwanisi kana
uori chaihwo. Zvakare, funga zvakare kuna Katherine Harris naFlorida. Munyika yose
nyika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakakosha
vanhu vane ruvara, pane matambudziko makuru nemabatiro avanoita. Ichi ndicho chikonzero
imwe yeVavhoti 'Bill of Rights points inodaidzira yakazvimirira, isina bato uye
utungamiriri hweunyanzvi hwesarudzo. Inongova pfungwa chete.
A
mushandirapamwe unotungamirwa nevadzidzi kuti, chekutanga, vaone kuti mahofisi esarudzo emuno akaita sei
kushanda uye, chechipiri, kuita zvinodiwa pakuvandudzwa, kunogona kuvhenekera chinodiwa
kumasangano aya. Munguva pfupi-pfupi mushandirapamwe wakadaro unofanirwa kuvandudza
kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza marudzi ematambudziko akafumurwa musarudzo dza2000.
Kwenguva refu, ichavaka rutsigiro rwakakura kune hutongi hwakazvimirira
kuda, chinangwa chakakosha. Hatigone kuvimba nemakava echero bato
tungamira chikwere chehuku chedemocracy yechokwadi. Isu huku tatambura kwenguva refu
zvakakwana pasi pehutongi husina kunaka hwegava.
The
Pro-democracy movement isangano rine nguva yasvika.
(Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, enda ku
www.votersbillofrights.org, kana kubata IPPN, P.O. Bhokisi 1041, Bloomfield,
NJ 07003, 973-338-5398)
Ted
Glick ndiye National Coordinator weIyo Yakazvimirira Progressive Politics
Network uye munyori we Future Hope: A Winning Strategy yeJust Society. Iye
inogona kuwanikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa] kana P.O. Bhokisi 1132, Bloomfield, N.J.
07003.