Haisi fungidziro yako - uri kushanda nesimba uye uchitambira zvishoma. Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru kwekubudirira mukati memakumi mana emakore apfuura, mihoro yakaramba isina kujeka.
Ichi chiitiko chepasirese, kwete chimwe chakananga kune chero nyika. Haisi nyaya yehuipi hweizvi kana kuti capitalist, kana mutemo weichi kana hurumende iyoyo. Asi, kuwedzera kusaenzana kunoyerera kwechisikigo kubva pakuvaka kwepfungwa iko zvino kunodzora kufunga kwehupfumi. Funga nezvaHenry Giroux tsananguro pfupi yeNeoliberalism:
"[Ini] inotsanangura kuita purofiti sechinhu chakakosha chedemokrasi, ichitora seyo chete nzira inoshanda yekuve mugari, uye kutenda kusina musoro mumusika kugadzirisa matambudziko ese uye kushanda semuenzaniso wekugadzirisa hukama hwese hwemagariro."
"Rusununguko" rwakaderedzwa kusvika kune rusununguko rwevemaindasitiri nevemari kuti vatore purofiti inokwanisika pasina hanya nekumwe kufunga uye, kune isu tose, kusarudza chero kuravira kwesoda yatinoda kunwa. Vazvitorera โrusunungukoโ rwakakura, macapitalist epasirese akazvipa mihoro, mabhonasi, sarudzo dzemasheya nemaparachuti egoridhe zvaasingafungidzirwe ukuwo nhamba yakakura yevanhu vanoshanda vachizviwana vachitamburira kuchengeta misoro yavo pamusoro pemvura.
Kune rimwe divi, US ma chief executive officer akawana mari yakapetwa ka354 kupfuura mushandi wepakati muna 2013. Uye kunyangwe nemuhoro wakanyanya wevakuru vakuru uye mari yakatorwa nevezvemari, pakanga pachine mari yakawanda iripo - makambani eUS anotengeserwa pachena ari kugara pasi. mubatanidzwa hovha ye5 bhiriyoni, nekashanu hwerengedzo yepakati pema1990.
Kushanda nesimba pasina kubhadharwa
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune mhanza yakasiyana zvikuru yavanhu vanoshanda. Imwe nzvero yamakumi mana amakore emihoro yemihoro muUnited States, somuenzaniso, yakaratidza kuti muhoro wepakati paawa uri pasi pezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemari yawaizova nomubhadharo uchifambirana nemhindu dzokubereka. Vanyori Lawrence Mishel naKar-Fai Gee, vachinyorera yeChirimo 2012 edition ye International Productivity Monitor, akaverengerwa kusawirirana kunoshamisa pakati pekubudirira kwekubudirira uye mihoro. Chidzidzo chavo chakawana:
โMukati menguva ya1973 kusvika muna 2011, muhoro chaiwo wepakati paawa muUnited States wakawedzera 4.0 muzana, asi zvibereko zvebasa zvakakwira ne80.4 muzana. Kudai mubairo chaiwo weawa yepakati wakakura pamwero wakafanana nekubudirira kwevashandi, ingadai yakave $27.87 muna 2011 (madhora 2011), zvakanyanya kudarika iyo chaiyo $16.07 (2011 madhora). [peji 31]
Inenge sendi rose remari yaiwanikwa nebasa iroro rokuwedzera raipinda muhomwe dzevakuru vakuru nevanopa mari, kwete kuvashandi vaibudiswa ziya.
Vanhu vanoshanda muCanada vaita zviri nani. Kugadzirwa kwevashandi kwakawedzera 37.4 muzana yenguva ya1980 kusvika 2005, nepo muhoro wepakati wevashandi venguva yakazara wakakwira chizere ye1.3 muzana mumadhora akagadziridzwa nekukwira kwemitengo, sekureva kwegwaro reFall 2008 mu International Productivity Monitor. Vanyori veiyi rondedzero, Andrew Sharpe, Jean-Franรงois Arsenault naPeter Harrison, vakapa chenjedzo pamusoro pekuenzaniswa kwakananga kwechigadzirwa uye huwandu hwemihoro, asi vakaona kusawirirana uku kuve kwechokwadi sezvo chikamu chevashandi chechigadzirwa cheCanada chepamba chadzikira. Vanyori vanocherechedza kuti, muCanada, zvinenge zvese mari yawawana yaenda pamusoro pezana rimwe chete. Vanonyora kuti:
"Dai mihoro yepakati nepakati yakanga yakura pamwero wakafanana nekubudirira kwevashandi, mushandi wenguva yakazara weCanada wenguva yakazara angadai akawana $56,826 muna 2005, zvakanyanya kudarika $41,401 chaiyo (madhora a2005)." [peji 16]
Kukukurwa kwemuhoro kuri kushandawo muEurope. A Resolution Foundation bepa rakawanikwa a musiyano pakati pekubudirira uye muhoro wekuwana kune vanhu vanoshanda veBritish, kunyange zvazvo iri duku pane iyo yeUnited States. Yakawana zvakare kuti vashandi vekuBritain havana kurasikirwa nepasi sezvakaita vashandi veFrance, Germany, Italian neJapan. Mhedziso iyi yakavakirwa pane zvakawanikwa kuti chikamu chemari inobhadharwa munyika idzi chakadzikira zvakanyanya kubva pakati pema1970.
Kuti vashandi veGerman vanotamburawo nekubvisa mihoro zvingaite sezvinoshamisa. Asi hazvifanirwe kudaro - kugona kunze kweGerman kwave kuri yakavakirwa pakudzvinyirira mihoro yepamba. Muna 2003, mutungamiri wenguva iyoyo, Social Democrat Gerhard Schrรถder, akasundira kuburikidza nemutemo wake we "Agenda 2010", uyo unocheka mutero webhizinesi uchideredza mihoro yevarovha nepenjeni. Mibatanidzwa yeGermany yakabvumira muhoro kudzikira mukutsinhana kwekuchengetedza basa, zvinoreva kuti simba rekutenga riri kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichisimbisa maitiro ekuGermany achinyanya kutsamira pane zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Kuita zviverengero zvishoma kubva kuInternational Labour Organisation statistics on kubudirira kwevashandi uye mubairo yakapihwa nyika imwe neimwe, ndakaona kuti avhareji yemuhoro muGermany yakadzikira 0.5 muzana pagore panguva ya2000 kusvika 2008 ukuwo kubereka kweGerman kwakawedzera 1.3 muzana pagore. (Makore chete ayo data inowanikwa kune ese ari maviri.)
Iwe haugone kuitengesa kana munhu wese akaparara
Kunyangwe paine humbowo hukuru hwekuwedzera kuomerwa kwevanhu vazhinji, dzidziso dzezvehupfumi dzinosimbirira kuti tinoshevedzera nekutyisa pakufunga chaiko kwekukwidza mihoro. Kupopota kwakadaro kwakavakirwa papfungwa, kwete pachokwadi. Vashandi vanotambira mari shoma muUnited States vanotambira nhasi zvishoma pane zvavakaita muna 1968, pasinei zvapo nokuva kwavo nemwero wakakwirira zvikuru wedzidzo zvino kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva iyoyo. Mubairo wepasirese wemubatanidzwa une 23 muzana yakaderera pane zvawaive muna 1968 payakagadziriswa inflation.
An Economic Policy Institute kudzidza naHeidi Shierholz, yakaburitswa muna Ndira 2014, yakawanikwa kune vangangoita vatatu vanotsvaga basa kune yega yega nzvimbo yakavhurika. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunoratidza kusasimba kukuru kwezvimiro, kwete โkushomeka kwedzidzoโ sezvo vezveupfumi vechokwadi, vakazvipira kuhusterity, vanoramba vachidaro. Anonyora kuti:
โMazuva ano kushomeka kwemusika wevashandi hakukonzerwi nekusaenderana kwehunyanzvi kana kuti vashandi vasina hunyanzvi hwekuita mabasa aripo, asi kuti nekuda kwekushomeka kuri kuita. Dai kushaikwa kwemabasa kwanhasi kuri dambudziko rekusaenderana kwehunyanzvi, rimwe boka rakakura kana mapoka evashandi angadai akatarisana nemisika yevashandi inoenderana nemuna 2007, kuderera kwehupfumi kusati kwatanga. Panzvimbo pezvo, kudiwa kusina simba kwevashandi kwakakura; vanotsvaga basa vanowanda zvakanyanya kuvhurwa kwemabasa mumaindasitiri ese, uye kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakakwira zvakanyanya padanho rega rega redzidzo kupfuura muna 2007. "
Mari inoshandiswa mudzimba inosvika 69 muzana yeUS gross domestic product; urovha hunoramba huchienderera mberi uye mihoro yakamira kana kuti kuderera inogona kungotungamirira kukusasimba kwehupfumi. Kuda ndizvo zvinogadzira mabasa. Kukwidza mihoro, uko kwaizokurudzira kudiwa, munyika ine musoro, ingaite senzira imwe yekunatsiridza kudzimira. Kutaura idi, kubvumirana kwakasimba kuripo kwokuti, mukupesana nezvinotaurwa nechikamu chimwe muzana nevashambadziri vavo vakabhadharwa, kukwidza muhoro wepasi kungava kunobetsera.
A Center for Economic Policy uye Bepa rekutsvagisa kuongorora makumi maviri emakore ezvidzidzo zvishoma-muhoro anopedzisa achiti:
โNyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakaita mazana ezvidzidzo zvemashandisirwo emabasa emuhoro wepasi. Kupfupisa zvidzidzo izvozvo ibasa rinotyisa, asi ongororo mbiri dzichangoburwa dzekuongorora tsvakiridzo yakaitwa kubva kutanga kwema1990 dzinogumisa kuti muhoro wepasi hauna kana mhedzisiro inooneka patarisiro yebasa yevashandi vanotambira mari shoma. Chikonzero chikuru chechiitiko ichi ndechekuti mutengo wemuhoro wepasi mudiki kana uchienzanisa nemitengo yefemu zhinji uye ine mwero chete zvichienderana nemuhoro unobhadharwa kune vashandi vanotambira mari shoma. โฆ [P] zvichida nzira inonyanya kukosha yekugadzirisa iri kuburikidza nekudzikiswa kwekuchinja kwevashandi, izvo zvinopa mari yakawanda kuvashandirwi. [mapeji 22-23]
Saizvozvo, iyo National Employment Law Project inoshuma a kubvumirana kwakasimba mukufarira kuwedzera mari shoma:
โMaonero ebasa rehupfumi pamusoro pemabatirwo emuhoro wepasi akachinja zvakanyanya mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Nhasi, tsvagiridzo yakaomesesa inoratidza humbowo hudiki hwekudzikiswa kwemabasa kubva pamuhoro wepamusoro wepasi. Chiratidzo ongororo yakaitwa muna 2013 neUniversity yeChicago's Booth School of Business umo nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzinotungamira dzakabvumirana neinoda kusvika 4 kusvika ku1 margin kuti mabhenefiti ekusimudza nekuisa indexing yemuhoro wepasi unodarika mutengo. โฆ
Makumi maviri emakore ekutsvagisa kwehupfumi kwakasimba kwakawana kuti kukwidza muhoro wepasi hakukonzeri kurasikirwa nebasa. Nepo iyo yakapfava yetioretical modhi yekugovera uye kudiwa inoratidza kuti kukwidza mibairo kunoderedza mabasa, mashandiro anoita musika wevashandi munyika chaiyo yakaoma. Vatsvakurudzi nevemabhizimisi zvakafanana nhasi vanobvumirana kuti uremu hwouchapupu hunoratidza kuti hapana kuderedzwa kwebasa kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemari yemuhoro.โ
Yunivhesiti yeChicago, iyo ine mukurumbira incubator ye "Chicago School" ideology inopa hungwaru "kururamisa" kweneoliberalism, haigone kutsanangurwa seyakagadzirirwa basa.
Kubata nezvinodiwa zvemakore makumi mashanu apfuura
Chimwe chezvaidiwa munaKurume paWashington muna 1963 chaive muhoro wepasi pemadhora maviri paawa. Yakagadziridzwa kukwira kwemitengo, $2 paawa muna 2 nhasi chinomira pa 15.35 $. Zvakadaro mubairo wepasirese wemubatanidzwa muUnited States i$7.25 paawa, uye mubairo wepamusoro-soro wakatemerwa chero hurumende yenyika iUS $9.32 yeWashington.
Iyo $10.10 paawa nguva pfupi yadarika yakakurudzirwa nehutongi hwaObama inonzwika sekuvandudza kana ichienzaniswa nemitengo yazvino, asi kutaura zvazviri ndiwo mafufu anowanzo kupihwa neDemocratic Party - White House iri kusimudzira zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvaidiwa makore makumi mashanu apfuura. !
Pane kuti vagadzirise "austerity lite" yeDemocrats, sangano riri kukura riri kuda kuti muhoro wepasi ukwidzwe kusvika pamadhora gumi nemashanu paawa. Kana maonero akatambanuka akashandiswa - kukwevera pazvido zvenhoroondo uye, sezvataurwa pamusoro, kuti muhoro wepakati paawa wega wega unofanirwa kunge uri madhora makumi maviri nemasere - nharo dzakaneta dzekuti mabhizinesi "haakwanise" chero kukwidziridzwa kwemuhoro wepasi kudonha. Sarah White, mumiriri neSocialist Alternative, iyo yakatanga mushandirapamwe wenyika wemadhora gumi nemashanu, anonyora:
โKuti varwisane nesangano riri kuramba richikura rokukwidza muhoro wepasi, makambani makuru ari kuedza kutsausa pfungwa kubva pamari yaanowana zvikuru nokushandisa mazakwatira emari mukuzivisa vanhu vachinangana neโzvinetso zvebhizimisi duku.โ Socialist Alternative yakavhurika zvakanyanya kubatsira mabhizinesi madiki - asi kwete kumusana kwevashandi. Munhu wese anoshanda nguva yakazara anokodzera kurarama kwakanaka. Rubatsiro rwemabhizinesi madiki runogona kurongwa nemitero kumabhizinesi makuru (ayo ari pamitengo yakaderera kare) uye kubvisa hutano hwemakambani kupa rubatsiro kune mabhizinesi madiki, pamwe nekucheka mutoro wemutero wenzvimbo kumabhizinesi madiki. โฆ Kukwidza muhoro wepasi kunozobatsira mabhizimisi madiki nekuwedzera simba rekushandisa revatengi vavo.โ
Kuwedzera kwerendi kwakamanikidza mabhizinesi madiki asingaverengeki kuvhara munzvimbo dzinotyisa munyika yose. Kudzorwa kwerendi yezvekutengesa kunosiya mabhizinesi emama-ne-pop aine yakaderera zvakakwana kuti vararame, pachinzvimbo chekuti vatumire mari yavo yese kune varidzi vemba vasingafarire chimwe chinhu kunze kwekudzvanya dhora rega rega kubva munharaunda, zvingaite zvakanaka zvakanyanya kupfuura. chero kukuvara kunogona kukonzerwa nemadhora gumi nemashanu emuhoro.
Pedyo ne 60 muzana yemhuri pasi pe200 muzana yehurombo hune nhengo yemhuri inoshanda nguva yakazara, gore rose uye 47 miriyoni vagari vemuUS vimba nezvitambi zvekudya. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhiriyoni 1,645 epasi rose ane aggregate mambure anokosha US$6.4 trillion, kuwedzera kwe$1 trillion mugore rimwe chete.
Individualism ideology, inosimudzira pfungwa yekuzvidavirira kwemunhu nekuda kwekushaya basa, mibairo yakaderera uye kusachengeteka kwehupfumi, ipuropi yakakosha yakabata hurongwa hunotungamira kune njodzi yakadai. Iko hakuna mhinduro dzega dzega kune kusaenzana kwemaitiro.
Pete Dolack ndiye munyori webhuku ririkuuya Hazvina Kupera: Zvidzidzo kubva kuSocialist Experiment, kunzvera kumwe kwokuedza kwakarongwa kuumba nzanga pahwaro husiri hwo<em>capitalism neziso rokunzwisisa nyika yanhasi uye kuwana nzira inoenda kunyika iri nani mangwana.