Yakanga iri nguva yechienzi. Ndakanga ndakamirira ndege yangu yekuenda kumba kubva kuHeathrow kuenda kuGlasgow pandakasangana nemhondi yainzi inofamba-famba yakasununguka. Zita rake? Robin Cook. Hongu, aimbove munyori weBritish kunze kwenyika, iye zvino mutungamiri weHouse of Commons. Iraq, Serbia, East Timor. Nzvimbo idzodzo dzinofanira kunge dziri kure zvakadini kwaari iye zvino. Vese vakanaka munguva yakapfuura nemutemo waVaCook wekunze neinoti 'ethical dimension'.
Ini ndinofunga, Mr Cook vaive vakamirira kuti vadzokere kunharaunda yekumba kwavo kuScotland kupera kwevhiki. Ndichidzivisa muedzo wokuita kuti mugari wemo asungwe, ndakazvisuma ndimene noruremekedzo ndokumuudza kuti, โUne mutoro unorema nokuda kwenhamo yavana muIraqโ.
Asingatombopotsa, akapindura kuti: 'Hatisi tose here?' ndokufuratira. Ndakaramba ndichiti: 'Maererano nevakuru vakuru veUN vakasiya zvigaro zvavo muBaghdad, zvirango zvoupfumi ndizvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevana vanopfuura 500,000 XNUMX vokuIraq vari pasi pemakore mashanu.'
Mr Cook vakacheuka. Mhinduro yake yaive propaganda inozivikanwa yeHofisi Yekunze: 'hapana zvirango zvehupfumi'; kuyerera kwe 'chikafu nemishonga hazvivharwe nekumadokero'; Saddam Hussein ane '19 bhiriyoni emadhora muNew York bank account'; Saddam 'yakaunza zviuru gumi zvemabhodhoro ewhisky'.
Zvese izvi zvirevo hunyengeri hwakatoburitswa nevakuru vakuru veUN, maNGO anovimbika uye vatori venhau vanoshingaira (ona pfupiso pa www.robincook.net/9lies.htm).
Kuti Mr Cook vanoramba vachiparadzira disinformation yakadai, uye vachitenda mazviri zvachose, kusanzwisisana kweiyo yepamusoro-soro. White Queen muLewis Carroll's Kuburikidza neKutarisa-Glass aigona kutenda zvinhu zvitanhatu zvisingagoneke pamberi pekudya kwemangwanani. Mr Cook sezviri pachena vanokwanisa kutenda zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingagoneki pamberi uye mushure mekudya kwese kwezuva.
Vatungamiri vedu vezvematongerwo enyika, nevazhinji vatauri vezvenhau nenyanzvi, vakwanisa kuzvisimbisa kuti nharaunda dzakapfuma uye dzine simba dzekumadokero zvechokwadi dzinotsigira rusununguko, democracy uye kodzero dzevanhu. Zvakadaro zvese zvakatenderedza kune humbowo hunopesana, kusanganisira zvitunha zvevasina 'kukodzera' vakabatwa nechisimba simba rekumadokero: muIraq, Serbia, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, Latin America uye kumwewo.
Madeleine Albright, panguva iyoyo munyori wehurumende yeUnited States, akanga akatendeseka paakaratidza pfungwa dzake kumuratidziri weTV muna 1996 maererano nekurwisana kwevana veIraqi: "Ndinofunga kuti iyi isarudzo yakaoma, asi mutengo - mutengo wakakodzera.' Fungisisa kunyomba kwezvakataurwa nemunhu anozviti anodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu pasi rose. Mazwi ekuti 'Kafka-esque' uye 'Orwellian' angave ane hunhu.
Nechinofadza kune vanhu vakuru vanokumbira kusiyana neMs Albright's diabolical equation yehupenyu hwevanhu uye vanonzi 'kusvibiswa' kweSaddam: 'chikara' chakabatsira kumadokero kugadzira nekuchengetedza - chimwe chinhu chinokanganwika zviri nyore nevatungamiriri vekumadokero uye cheerleaders yavo munhau. .
Denis Halliday, aimbova Mutevedzeri weMunyori Mukuru weUN, akasiya basa rake rekuBaghdad semurongi wechirongwa cheUN chekubatsira vanhu 'oiri yekudya' munaGunyana 1998. Muhurukuro nemunyori David Edwards muna Kurume 2000 (ona www.MediaLens. org), Halliday akataura kuti kushomeka kwechikafu nezvekurapa muIraq raive basa rakananga reWashington neLondon:
'Vakatamba mitambo nemaune kuburikidza neSanctions Committee nechirongwa ichi kwemakore - izano remaune. Kuti Hurumende yeBritain iti majekiseni ekubaya vana ari kuzogadzira zvombo zvinoparadza vanhu vakawanda, hazvina musoro.
Ndosaka ndanga ndichishandisa izwi rekuti โgenocideโ, nekuti uyu mutemo wemaune kuparadza vanhu veIraq. Ndinotya kuti handina mamwe maonero panguva ino yapera.'
'Denis Halliday haana kururama', akapindura Robin Cook pandakamuyeuchidza maonero aVaHalliday panhandare yendege yeHeathrow. Vafambi vendege vanoverengeka vakanga zvino vachinyatsoteerera kutaurirana kwedu vari parutivi.
'Ndaiva munyori wekunze. Ndinoziva kuti chokwadi ndechipi.' Mhinduro yangu - yekuti vakuru veUN vanga vari muBaghdad vaizonyatsonzwisisa chokwadi - haina kupindurwa sezvo munhu aivepo akapindira kuudza Mr Cook kuti yaive nguva yake yekupinda. Ndakaenda zvangu ndave kurwadza kuti ndinotora ndege yangu.
Kusuwa kwaVaCook kuramba basa ravo mukutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu muIraq kwakasiririsa kuona. Magazini inonzi The Economist yakataura kuti: โKudai, gore negore, UN yaiuraya vana vokuIraq zvakarongeka nokurova nendege, hurumende dzokumadokero dzaizoti hazvishivirirwi, pasinei nokuti vavariro yacho yakanaka sei: Dzinofanira kuwana mitemo yadzo iripo sezvakangoita. zvisingagamuchirwi.'
Tinogona kuita nharo neiyo mutsara weasel, 'yakanaka sei chinangwa', asi meseji iri pachena zvakakwana: rega kuuraya vana vekuIraq.
Kana dziri nhanho dzichangoburwa dzeUN Security Council dzekuchinjira ku 'smart sanctions', izvi zvaunza kukahadzika kukuru pakati peavo vane ruzivo pasi.
Sekureva kwemupurisa ane bazi rerubatsiro repamusoro akakumbira kusazivikanwa, zvirango zvine hungwaru 'hazvinatsiridze hupenyu hwevaIraqwo zvavo. Ichava dole, rubatsiro kuIraq yose. Hapana chazvinoita kugadzirisa nyaya chaiyo โ nzira yekumutsiridza upfumi hwemukati menyika uye kubvumidza veruzhinji kuti vadzoke' (Financial Times, 1 Chikumi, 2001).
Denis Halliday nemutsivi wake, Hans von Sponeck (akasiya basa mwedzi gumi nemisere mushure meHalliday), vanoona kuti: 'UK neUS, senhengo dzechigarire dzedare re[UN], vanonyatsoziva kuti zvirango zveUN zvinoshanda mukutyora mutemo. Zvibvumirano zveUN nezvekodzero dzevanhu, zvibvumirano zveGeneva neHague nemimwe mitemo yepasi rose.' (The Guardian, 18 Mbudzi, 29).
Kuti Britain inogona kunge yakachengeta vezvematongerwo enyika vane mhosva yemhosva dzinotyisa kuvanhu - uye, chokwadi, kuti matsotsi aya vatungamiriri vedu vezvematongerwo enyika vakapfuura neazvino - ingangoita netsanangudzo pfungwa isingafungidzike, ingangoita munharaunda ine hunhu.
Uye zvakadaro, funga nezvemaonero enhau akataurwa nguva pfupi yapfuura naAndrew Marr, mupepeti wezvematongerwo enyika weBBC: 'Kana vanhu vasingazive nezvesimba uye vorega pfungwa dzavo dzichidzungaira zvachose, saka avo vane masimba vachatora rusununguko. Uye nzira chete yekuchengetedza simba guru remusika uye vezvematongerwo enyika mune rumwe rudzi rwecheki kuburikidza neruzivo, kushingaira uye dzimwe nguva zvakaoma vagari vemo. Uye izvi, zvakare, zvinoda public-sphere journalism, kunyange kana isingazvioni nguva dzose.' (The Independent, 16 Kurume, 2001).
Zvinorehwa nechirevo ichi ndezvekuti public-sphere journalism inotoshanda, zvishoma kana zvishoma, kuchengetedza 'simba guru remusika uye vezvematongerwo enyika'. Kana zvirizvo, saka hutori venhau hweveruzhinji hahuoni kuurayiwa kwevanhu muIraq uye kushungurudzwa kwesimba reUS/UK mukurwisa Afghanistan.
Kuvaka pamusoro pebasa rakabudirira rebepanhau, rakatorwa nemupepeti wake weThe Independent, Marr parizvino anoendesa 'public-sphere journalism' kuBBC kwaakashuma nguva pfupi yadarika: 'Makore mashoma apfuura tainetsekana zvikuru nezvekodzero dzevanhu muChechnya - isu. 'Hamusisina.' [Nhau dzeBBC 6 o'clock, 4 Gumiguru, 2001].
Nemamwe mashoko, 'crude deal' yave kuitika pakati paBlair naPutin muMoscow: Britain ichakanda ziso pamusoro pehutsinye hweRussia muChechnya mukutsinhana neRussia rutsigiro rweBush-Blair yepasi rose 'hondo yekurwisa hugandanga'. Asi kunyangwe iyi inotyisa quid pro quo haina kurongeka. Hurumende yaBlair yakaramba ichifuratira vanhu veChechnyan kubva pakutanga.
Zvose izvi chikamu chemufananidzo mukuru webasa remadokero mukuregerera nekusimudzira hugandanga pasi rose. Kubva muhondo yenyika yechipiri, sezvakataurwa naEd Herman muZNet Commentary yake 'Anti-terrorist terrorism' (www.zmag.org; 5 Gumiguru, 2001), mutemo wakadaro 'wave uchishandiswa nguva dzose kugadzira hurumende dzehugandanga dzakakurumidza kuvhurwa. mikova yavo kumari yekune dzimwe nyika uye yaichengeta misika yevashandi seโinochinjikaโ sezvingashuwirwa nevekunze neIMF.'
Uye zvese zvinotsigirwa nevezvenhau vasingashore. Mumashoko aHerman: 'propaganda system inoshanda zvakanyanya, ichipa Big Brother-quality migumisiro pasi pehurongwa hwe "rusununguko".'
Iyo propaganda system haina mutsa kune matambudziko. Mune yambiro ichangoburwa nenhau, MediaLens.org yakasimbisa chirevo chaAndrew Marr panguva yekubhomba kweKosovo kune "vanhu vakaomeswa nehondo veSerbia" se "zvikara" (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/medialens/message/12) .
Marr akanga arondedzera kuti vaSerb, โvasina tsitsi zvikuru, vanoratidzika kuva vakagadzirira kufa, vakafanana sei norudzi rwokumwe.โ (Marr, The Observer, 25 Kubvumbi 1999). VaMarr vakapindura nekuramba kuti vakadaidza maSerbs se "zvikara" (zvitarise pa: http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3857957,00.html), vachipomera mhosva Media Lens yekuve 'yakashata uye inopesana nenhau'. Akagumisa kuti, 'Handifungi kuti ndichazvinetsa neโvezvenhauโ nguva inotevera, kana usina basa nazvo.โ (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/medialens/message/15).
Ndozvakaita gakava rine musoro renyaya dzakakosha dzemazuva ano, kusanganisira gakava ripi zvaro rekuti sei uye nei vezvenhau vanosefa nekukanganisa nyaya dzakadai, vachishorwa uye kusekwa nevatsinhanisi venhau.
'Zvakakosha kuyeuka', akanyora Noam Chomsky kutanga kwegore rino, 'kuti kunyangwe [vatapi venhau veUK] vanoedza zvakadii, ivo chikamu chevanhu vakadzidza veBritish, kureva, vanopenga vepfungwa avo vakashaya simba rekufunga nezvazvo. chero nyaya yekukosha kwevanhu, uye zvachose mukubata kwechitendero chehurumende. Vanogona kubvuma zvikanganiso kana kuti kukundikana, asi chimwe chinhu chikuru, chaizvoizvo, hachifungidziriki.'
Ngatitorei weBBC Andrew Marr pashoko rake uye tide chaiyo 'public-sphere journalism'. Ngatipikisanei nesimba rehurumende nemubatanidzwa mune zvese zvarinoda, kusanganisira maindasitiri ezvenhau, uye tibvise fungidziro dzese dzehunhu hwayo 'husina kunaka', kunyanya munguva dzino dzekutyisa kwakanyanya.
Zvichakadaro, vagari vemuIraqi - uye zvino maAfghan - vari kufa semhedzisiro yemitemo yakaitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vekumadokero vakatadza kubata chokwadi, vachiita nemazita edu.
David Cromwell mubatsiri-mupepeti weMedia Lens (www.MediaLens.org) uye munyori we 'Private Planet' (Jon Carpenter Publishing).