"Pane imwe nguva 'kurima' kwaiva pamusoro petsika yezvokudya. Kurasikirwa netsika iyoyo, mukuda kweAmerican tsika monocrop, yakabatana nekurima monocrop, inotiisa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi ..." anodaro chikafu uye Native activist Winona LaDuke.[i ]
Kuchema kwake ihope dzeagribusiness executive. Mukuru weHJ Heinz Company akati, "Kana terevhizheni yavepo, vanhu, chero mumvuri, tsika, kana mavambo, vanoda zvinhu zvakangofanana."[Ii] Zvinhu zvakafanana zvinobva pahunyanzvi humwe chete, midhiya yakafanana, zvakafanana. hupfumi hwenyika, uye chikafu chakafanana.
Pamwe chete nekurasikirwa kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana, kukura kwekurima kwemaindasitiri kwakonzera kuderera kukuru kwekusiyana kwezvipenyu. Munhau yose, vanhu vakarima pamusoro 7,000 marudzi emiti. Muzana remakore rapfuura, zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvekusiyana kwemajini zvezvirimwa zvekurima zvakarasika. Zvibereko makumi matatu zvino topa 95% yezvokudya zvatinoda, mupunga, gorosi, chibage, nembatatisi chete zvinopa 60%. Makumi makumi masere neshanu muzana emhando dzeapuro dzaimbovepo muUS varasika. Minda mikuru yembesa dzakafanana inotapurwa netwumbuyu zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoda kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Kushaikwa kwekusiyana-siyana kunoisawo mungozi kuwanikwa kwechikafu, sezvo kuwanda kwezvipembenene kana zvirwere zvichigona kutsvaira zvirimwa zvakawanda munguva imwe chete.
Kuedza kwevanhu veko kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo uye nhaka yekurima muUS kunodzokera kumashure makore 500 kusvika pakasvika vapambi veSpain. Nhasi, nharaunda dzeMarudzi muUS yese dziri kutora nekumutsidzira ivhu, mvura, mbeu, uye chikafu chechinyakare nekurima, nekudaro kudzosera tsika mukurima nekurima mumaoko emuno.
Imwe danho rakadai iWhite Earth Land Recovery Project muMinnesota, iri kudzoreredza hutariri hune hutano hwenzvimbo yekutanga yenzvimbo. Vari kukohwa nekutengesa zvekudya zvechinyakare zvakaita semupunga wemusango, kudyara magadheni nekusimudza magreenhouses, uye kurima zvekudya zvepapurazi nechikoro uye zvekudyisa vakuru vedu. Vari kudzoreredza mhuka yerudzi rwesturgeon kumvura yeko pamwe nekushanda kumisa kupfapfaidza mishonga mumapurazi ari pedyo. Vari kusimbisawo hukama nemapurojekiti ezvekudya munyika yose. Winona LaDuke, mutungamiriri wekutanga wechirongwa ichi, akatiudza kuti, "Baba vangu vaigara vachiti, 'Handidi kunzwa uzivi hwenyu kana musingakwanisi kurima chibage'โฆ Ini zvino ndinorima chibage."
Imwe nhamburiko yokumutsidzira inobatanidza mombe dzenyati. Muma1800, vagari vomuEurope neAmerica vakatyaira nyati dzomusango pedyo nokutsakatika, vachiparadza bviro yokupona kwenzanga zhinji dzeMarudzi. Muenzaniso mumwe chete wekudzoka zvakare ndeye Lakota Buffalo Caretakers Cooperative, mubatanidzwa wevachengeti venyati dzemhuri duku, paPine Ridge Reservation muSouth Dakota. Iyo cooperative inoona basa rayo rakapetwa katatu, "kudzoreredza nyati, kudzoreredza ecology yepaPine Ridge, uye kubatsira kuvandudza hukama hunoyera pakati pevanhu veLakota nerudzi rwenyati." Padanho renyika, the Inter-Tribal Bison Cooperative mubatanidzwa wemapurogiramu 56 enyati anobva munyika yose neboka reboka revanhu vanopfuura 15,000 XNUMX.
MuNew Mexico, nharaunda dzeMarudzi dziri kuronga hupfumi hwezvirongwa. Munharaunda yese, vakatanga mapurazi ekudzidzisa nekugadzira, vechidiki-vakuru kurima, zvirongwa zvekusimudzira nyati, zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza mbeu, zvirongwa zvekurapa chirwere cheshuga, mubatanidzwa wechikwereti unodyara muzvirongwa zvakasvibirira uye zvinogara zviripo, nezvimwe. Zvikoro zvakaita seSouthwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute, Institute of American Indian Arts, neSanta Fe Indian School - pamwe chete nezvikoro zvegirama, zvikoro zvepamusoro, uye zvirongwa zvisina purofiti - zvakagadzira zvirongwa zvedzidzo yezvekurima. Sangano reTraditional Native American Farmers 'Association rinobatsira varimi kuti vadzokere kumunda, rinoita misangano pamusoro pekuchengetedza mbeu nemaitiro ekurima, uye rine chirongwa chevechidiki.
Hurukuro yegore negore yeZvokudya Zvisingaperi uye Kutonga Kwembeu kuTesuque [Indian] Pueblo kuchamhembe kweNew Mexico inobatanidza varimi, varapi vemiti, madhayi chaiwo, vanorapa, vabiki, vachengeti vembeu, vadzidzisi, vadziviriri vemvura, uye varongi venzanga. Kubva kuSimposium ya2006 kwakauya the Kuziviswa kwouchangamire hweMbeu, iyo yaishora mbeu dzakagadzirwa nemajini uye muridzi wekambani yembeu nezvirimwa zveNyika ichiti "kuenderera mberi kwekuparadza rudzi kwevanhu veko uye sezviito zvakaipa uye zvekuzvidza kumadzitateguru edu, tsika, uye zvizvarwa zvinotevera."
Pamusoro pehurukuro yekusiyirana, Tesuque Pueblo inotambirawo Tesuque Natural Farms, inorima miriwo, miriwo, zviyo, miti yemichero, uye zvirimwa zvekuvhara, kusanganisira mhando dzakarasika mudunhu. Chirongwa ichi chiri kuvaka raibhurari yembeu dzeNative. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuita kuti Pueblo ive yakazvimirira mune zvese chikafu nembeu. Emigdio Ballon, murimi weQuechua uye ari geneticist paTesuque Natural Farm, akati, "Nzira chete yatinogona kuwana kuzvitonga kwedu kana tave nezviwanikwa mumaoko edu, isu tisingafaniri kutenga kubva kumakambani embeu."
Purazi rinopa chikafu chichangobva kuvakuru, chinotengesa pamisika yevarimi, uye chinodzidzisa vagari kuti vatange kurima ivo pachavo. Papurazi iri zvakare rinorima mishonga yekurapa HIV, chirwere cheshuga, negomarara, uye kugadzira biofertilizer kubva muzvirimwa. Vana vechikoro paHead Start program garden; vadzidzi vechikoro chegirama vari kutanga, zvakare.
Vanhu vanobva kumativi ese enyika vanouya kuTesuque Natural Farms kuzodzidza kugadzirwa kwekurima uye kutora mashopu ekuchekerera miti, kuchengeta nyuchi, huku, kubereka kwevhu, composting, uye mimwe misoro. Nenguva isipi purazi rinotarisira kugadzira nzvimbo yekutsvagisa nedzidzo, uko vanhu vanogona kuuya kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu.
Nayeli Guzman, mudzimai wekuMexico aishanda papurazi iri, akati, "Zvatiri kuita zviri nyore. Mazano aya haasi imwe nzira yedu, anongova mararamiro... Tose tinofanira kushanda pamwe chete sevhu - vanhu vakadai.
โMusiki haasi oga, saka hapana chikonzero chekuti tidaro,โ akadaro. โVanotiudza kuti, โKana mukava nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu, ivhu renyu rinowedzerawo kupfuma.โ Ndizvo zvakaita vanhu. Kuwanda kwaunoita vanhu vakasiyana ndiko kunoita kuti tikwanise kurarama.
Notes
[I] Winona LaDuke mu "Chimwe Chinhu Chekuita NezveChikafu: Foramu," Alice Waters, ed., The Nation, Gunyana 11, 2006, 18.
[Ii] Sharon Beder, Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism (Devon: Green Books, 2002), 184.