Dorothy Guellec
Nhamba yacho
yemasangano ekuchengetedza hutano ane purofiti yakawedzera zvakapetwa kane mumakore gumi nemanomwe apfuura, a
kudzidza naHenry J. Kaiser Family Foundation vakati. Zvekuita purofiti maHMO aive 18%
yezvirongwa zvese muna 1981 asi yakawedzera kusvika pa74% pakasvika 1998. Chikamu chevakanyoresa
mune purofiti HMO's yakakura kubva pa12% kusvika 63% panguva iyoyo.
kwete
kugutsikana neUS stock performances, makambani ave kutsvaga yakafara
pamusika, uye vari kupinda nechisimba muLatin America.
The main
tsvakurudzo yekuongorora mune ichi chiitiko yakaonekwa muNew England Journal of
Mushonga musi waKubvumbi 8, 1999 uye wakatombo furatirwa nevezvenhau. Paive nea
zvinyorwa zvishoma pano nepapo. Mazita anozivikanwa akadai saAetna, Cigna nevamwe vane
akapinda muArgentina, Brazil, Chile, uye Ecuador (nyika 4 dzakadzidza zvakadzama
nechikwata chekutsvagisa) uye yakavhura misika ichangoburwa. Boka rakavakirwa pa
iyo Yunivhesiti yeNew Mexico uye inoshuma kuti mazhinji eanochengetedzwa kutarisirwa
masangano anoshanda maitiro anowanzoshoropodzwa uye ari kuongororwa
muUS vari kutengeswa chinyararire.
tanga
vaongorori veiyi New England Journal of Medicine kudzidza ndeiyi: Howard
Waitzkin MD Ph.D. Purofesa uye Mutungamiriri weChikamu cheCommunity Medicine
muYunivhesiti yeNew Mexico Chikoro cheMishonga Dhipatimendi reMhuri uye
Community Medicine uye Celia Iriat Purofesa weCollective Health pa
Yunivhesiti yeBuenos Aires uye nhengo yefaculty inoshanyira kuUNM. Karen Stocker, a
mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza muAnthropology anogovera hunyori. Boka racho rainyanya kufunga nezve
nyika idzi 4 kuwedzera kuUnited States.
kubva
1993, maererano naDr. Waitzkin, masangano akadai seWorld Bank uye
International Monetary Fund yaita privatization yezvipatara zvehurumende uye
makiriniki chinodiwa chekukweretesa kana nyika dzeThird World dzichitsvaga zvikwereti.
Kazhinji kazhinji zvipatara zvehurumende uye makiriniki zvinotengwa neUS uye
Makambani einishuwarenzi eEurope, anozounza maUS maitiro emhando dzakagadziriswa
kutarisira.
The
nhoroondo yehutano hwehutano munyika dzakawanda dzeLatin America yakasiyana zvikuru kubva
masisitimu ari muUnited States. Pasinei nekuderera kwehupfumi, muchiLatin
America pane chinangwa chekuvimbisa kuwaniswa kwepasi rose kuhutano hwehutano. Zvisinei
muma1990 World Bank nemamwe masangano epasi rese anokweretesa
akagadza "structural kugadzirisa" zvinodiwa kuti utano hwevanhu
masangano ekuchengetedza uye mari yehurumende yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu inoshandurwa kuva yega
manejimendi uye/kana muridzi semamiriro ezvikwereti zvitsva. privatization idzi
zvirongwa zvakagadzira mabhiriyoni emadhora emari dzimba dzemarudzi akawanda
vakatsvaka kubata.
Zvese izvi
kunogadzira zvipingamupinyi pakutarisira utano kune vakwegura, vasingashandi, uye vanoshanda
varombo. Hurumende muLatin America netsika dzakagamuchira magariro
basa rekupa rubatsiro rwekutanga kuvanhu vavo, asi sekutarisirwa kwaitwa
Zvinokosha zvachinja uye kushandisa mari kwadzikira kune izvi
mapoka anotambura evarwere. Kushandisa mari kumakiriniki mabasa kwakadzikira zvakare nekuda kwe
zvekutonga zvinodiwa uye kunyanya kudzoka kune vanoisa mari.
Countries
izvo zvinotadza kuita "kugadzirisa zvimiro," kuverenga kwakagadziriswa
care/shareholder bottom line policy, vari kutyisidzirwa ne cutoff kana
"Kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kwezvikwereti, chikwereti chekutenga zvakakosha kunze kwenyika, uye chikafu
rubatsiro."
sezvo
kuwedzera kwekutarisirwa kunononoka muUS inotungamirwa masangano ekuchengetedza ari
zvingangoramba zvichipinda mumisika mitsva kunze kwenyika. Heino mhinduro kubva kune mumwe munhu
muThailand: โNdiri kushanda muchipatara chikuru chehurumende muThailand
ziva, nyika yangu iri kusimukira mune ese maficha uye edza kutevedzera mamwe manejimendi
system kubva kune yako. Chipatara changu ndechekubatsira vanhu vasina ropafadzo, izvozvo
iri pamusoro pe90% yevarwere havakwanise kubhadhara kunyange baht (1/37 US $) uye dzimwe nguva iyo
chipatara chinofanira kubhadhara mari yebhazi yekudzokera kumba. Pakauya IMF 2 years ago yakati
iyi sisitimu inodhura mari yakawanda uye inokonzeresa yakawanda yakapotsa manejimendi. Saka it
inoratidza shanduko nekushandura chipatara kuchipatara chinozvimiririra uye kushandisa chimwe chinhu
senge HMO system yekutonga vanhu vanorwara. Ndinoshamisika kuti ichava njodzi kuThai
vanhu". Ndinoda kuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwemunyori.
Dr.
Waitzkin akataura kuti "ipfungwa yakajairika kuti hutano huripo
zviri nani muUnited States, asi muzviitiko zvakawanda hazvina kudaro. Vanhu
kutamira kuUS nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvehupfumi, asi kuwana hutano huri nani
hanya kashoma imwe yacho."
Dorothy
Guellec, Mutori wenhau wezvekurapa nyanzvi Nhengo,
Foreign Press Association
runhare (914) 271 5644
(fax) 914 2716188