Latin America yanga iri nyaya yebudiriro yenyika yasara mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe. Izvi ndezvechokwadi mupfungwa mbiri. Nzira yekutanga uye inocherechedzwa nevakawanda ndeyekuti mapato akasiiwa kana kuti akasiya-pakati akakunda musarudzo dzinoshamisa mumakore gumi. Uye pamwe chete, hurumende dzeLatin America dzakatora kekutanga chinhambwe chakakura kubva kuUnited States. Latin America yave simba rinozvimiririra rezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose.
Asi kwave kune nzira yechipiri iyo Latin America yave iri nyaya yebudiriro yenyika yasara. Mafambiro evagari vekuLatin America vakazvisimbisa mune zvematongerwo enyika pese pese uye vakada kodzero yekuronga hupenyu hwavo hwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro vakazvimirira. Izvi zvakatanga kucherechedzwa nenyika yose nekumuka kunoshamisa kwebato reNeo-Zapatista mudunhu reMexico reChiapas muna 1994. Chiri kunyanya kucherechedzwa kubuda kwemafambiro akafanana muLatin America yose uye chiyero chavanga vachigadzira. inter-American network yezvimiro zvesangano ravo.
Dambudziko nderekuti mhando mbiri dzemasara - mapato akawana masimba mumatunhu akasiyana uye indigenista mafambiro mumatunhu akasiyana-siyana - haana zvinangwa zvakafanana uye shandisa mutauro wepfungwa wakasiyana.
Mapato akaita sechinangwa chavo chikuru kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, vachitsvaga kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi pamwe nekutonga kukuru pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvavo uye hurongwa huri nani nemabhizinesi ekunze, hurumende, uye masangano ehurumende. Vanotsvaka kusimudzira upfumi, vachikakavadzana kuti neiyi nzira chete iyo mararamiro evagari vemo achawedzerwa uye kuenzana kukuru kwepasi rose kunowanikwa.
The indigenista masangano akatsvaga kuwana kutonga kukuru pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvavo pachavo uye gadziriro dziri nani kwete chete nevasiri venyika asiwo nehurumende dzenyika dzavo. Kazhinji, vanoti chinangwa chavo hachisi kusimudzira upfumi asi kuwirirana nePachaMama, kana kuti mother earth. Vanoti havatsvage kushandiswa kwakakura kwezviwanikwa zvepasi, asi nzira ine hungwaru inoremekedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanotsvaka kurarama kwakanaka – kurarama zvakanaka.
Hazvishamisi kuti indigenista mafambiro anga achipokana nehurumende shoma dzakanyanya kuchengetedza muLatin America - seMexico, Colombia, nePeru. Kuwedzera, uye pachena, mafambiro aya apindawo mukupokana nehurumende dzekuruboshwe dzakaita seBrazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, uye. kunyange Borivhiya.
Ndinotaura kunyange Bolivia nekuti ndiyo hurumende yakasarudza indigenista mutungamiri nerutsigiro rwakakura kubva ku indigenista huwandu hwevanhu venyika. Uye zvisinei, kwave kune kurwisana. Nyaya, uko sekune dzimwe nzvimbo, ndeyekuti uye sei zviwanikwa zvinogadzirwa, ndiani anoita sarudzo, uye ndiani anodzora mari.
Mapato akaruboshwe anowanzo kupomera mhosva indigenista Mapoka anouya kuzopokana navo ekuve, nekuziva kana kusaziva, vatsigiri (kana vasiri vamiririri) vemapato ekodzero yenyika, uye vemauto ekunze, kunyanya eUnited States. The indigenista mapoka anopikisa mapato ekuruboshwe anosimbirira kuti vari kuita zvavanoda ivo pachavo uye nekuzvisarudzira kwavo, uye vanopomera hurumende dzekuruboshwe dzekuita sehurumende dzakachengetedza dzekare pasina hanya nemhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza zvemabasa avo ebudiriro.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura muEcuador. Ikoko, hurumende yekuruboshwe yaRafael Correa, iyo yakanga yawana simba pakutanga nerutsigiro rwe indigenista mamovements, zvakazoita kunetsana navo. Kukamukana kwakanyanya kwaive pamusoro pechishuvo chehurumende chekugadzira zviwanikwa zveoiri munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yeAmazon inonzi Yasuni.
Pakutanga, hurumende haina kukoshesa kuratidzira kwaiitwa nezvizvarwa zvemo. Asi ipapo Mutungamiri Correa vakagadzira imwe nzira ine hungwaru. Akakurudzira hurumende dzakapfuma dzekuchamhembe kwepasirese kuti, kana Ecuador ikaramba chero shanduko muYasuni, hurumende dzakapfuma idzi dzinofanira kuripa Ecuador nekuda kwekuramba uku, nechikonzero chekuti ichi chaive mupiro kuhondo yenyika kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Izvi pazvakatanga kutaurwa pamusangano wezvemamiriro ekunze weCopenhagen muna 2009, zvakatorwa sekufungidzira. Asi mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yakareba yenhaurirano, hurumende shanu dzeEurope (Germany, Spain, Belgium, France, neSweden) dzakabvumirana kugadzira homwe ichabatwa neUN Development Programme kubhadhara Ecuador kuti isasimudzire Yasuni nechikonzero chekuti izvi zvinobatsira. pakuderedza kubudiswa kwekabhoni. Pane kutaura kwekugadzira izwi rechiito idzva, yasunize, kuratidza zvibvumirano zvakadaro.
Asi madhiri mangani akadaro munhu angaita? Pane imwe nyaya inokosha iri kunetsa. Ndiwo hunhu hwe "imwe nyika inogoneka" - kushandisa sirogani yeWorld Social Forum. Ndiyo imwe yakavakirwa pakukura kwehupfumi, kunyangwe iyi iri "socialist" uye ingasimudza mari chaiyo yevanhu muSouth yepasi rose? Kana kuti ndizvo zviri kunzi nevamwe shanduko yetsika dzebudiriro, nyika kurarama kwakanaka?
Iyi haizove gakava riri nyore kugadzirisa. Parizvino igakava pakati pemauto eLatin America akasiya. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ari pasi pehuwandu hwemukati meAsia, Africa, uye kunyange Europe. Inogona kuva nharo huru yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe.
naImanuel Wallerstein
[Copyright naImmanuel Wallerstein, yakagoverwa neAgence Global. Kune kodzero nemvumo, kusanganisira shanduro nekutumira kunzvimbo dzisiri dzekutengesa, uye kubata: rights@agenceglobal.com, 1.336.686.9002 kana 1.336.286.6606. Mvumo inopihwa kudhawunirodha, kutumira nemagetsi, kana e-mail kune vamwe, chero chinyorwa chikaramba chakasimba uye chinyorwa chekodzero chinoratidzwa. Kuti ubate munyori, nyora: immanuel.wallerstein@yale.edu.
Aya tsinhiro, anobudiswa kaviri pamwedzi, anorongedzerwa kuva mirangariro yezvinoitika zvenyika yazvino uno, sezvinoonwa mumurangariro, kwete wemisoro yenhau yazvino uno asi yenguva refu.]
