Hazvaigona kunge zvakarongwa nguva zviri nani. Dambudziko rekushaikwa kwechikafu pasi rose riri kubuda semuponesi kuindasitiri yemabhizimusi ekurima. Kutengeserana kwakasununguka kwakawanda uye kukurumidza kutorwa kwezvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa zviri kutaurwa semhinduro inogoneka.
Mutungamiri weAmerica, VaGeorge Bush, pavakabvunzwa kuti chii chakakurukurwa pakati pavo neMutungamiriri weNyika, Manmohan Singh pamusangano weG-8 wapera, vakati: โTakakurukura nezvekudiwa kwekupedzwa nekubudirira kweDoha Development Round yeWorld Trade Organisation. (WTO). Chirevo chake chinokoshesa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvibvumirano zvakawanda zvisina kugadziriswa mune zvekurima uye zvisiri zvekurima pamusika (NAMA) zvibvumirano zvingangouya pamberi peiyo mini-Ministerial yeWTO iri kuuya iyo yakarongerwa Chikunguru 21-25 kuGeneva.
Kusimbisa kwaVaGeorge Bush pakugadzirisa nyaya dzekutengeserana kuri kunetsa kunouya panguva iyo WTO iri mushishi rekukasika kusvika pachibvumirano gore risati rapera. Anodaro mukuru weWTO, Pascal Lamy: "Kutengeserana mahara ndiyo chete mhinduro yedambudziko rekudya pasi rose," uye ane nguva nenguva achidaidzira kupedzisa kweDoha Development Round. Mukuru weWorld Bank, VaRobert Zoellick, vanga vachikurudzirawo nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dziwanike misika yezvekurima kubva kunyika dzakapfuma uye dzakabudirira.
Kunyange zvazvo World Bank neWTO vari kutatarika kuti varambe vachivhura misika yemunyika dzichiri kusimukira senzira yekuti ibatsire makambani ezvekurima, United Nations haina chokwadi. Mune yazvino "World Economic and Social Survey 2008," UN inotaura kuti pane zvinopesana inzira yekudzivirira yekurima munyika dzakabudirira iyo yakakura mumakore makumi mana apfuura yave ichikanganisa budiriro yekurima munyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira, uye. ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda zvakonzera kushaikwa kwezvokudya mune dzimwe dzeidzi nyika.
Chirevo ichi chinouya zvichitevera dambudziko rekudya risati ramboitika riri kuonekwa pasi rose. Dzimwe nyika makumi matatu nenomwe dzakatarisana nemhirizhonga yezvekudya mugore rimwe rapfuura, uye UN inoronga nyika makumi mashanu neshanu sedzisiri munjodzi yekuperevedza kukuru kwekudya.
Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti, apo WTO iri kutaurirana kuti nyika dziri kusimukira dziwane misika yakawanda, UN inoti nyika idzi (dziri kusimukira) dzakatobhadhara kare mutengo kuMarrakesh (uko kwakabvumiranwa kuumbwa kweWTO muna 1994), ichiwedzera kuti pane chokwadi hapana chikonzero chekuti nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzipe mamwe mabvumirano ekuwana musika. Naizvozvo zviri pachena kuti director weWTO Pascal Lamy nemukuru weWB Robert Zoellick varikungorwira zvido zvekutengeserana zvemakambani emarudzi akawanda.
Nechekare, purofiti yave neagribusiness MNCs yakaratidza zvakakasharara muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino. Panguva iyo nyika yakatarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya, ichikwira nezvikamu mazana matatu kubva muzana mumakore mashanu apfuura, purofiti yemakambani ezvekurima yakanga yadarika zvese zvaitarisirwa. Nemamwe mashoko, apo nzara yakawedzera (World Bank inofungidzira kuti vanhu vane mamiriyoni e300 vari kupinda munzara), bhizinesi remakambani aya rakawedzera.
Naizvozvo izvo zvinonyatsooneka kubva munzira iyo WTO iri kusimudzira kutengeserana kwakawanda ine chinangwa chekuunza purofiti yakawanda kune vashoma veMNCs pane kupa chikafu kumamiriyoni ane nzara. Nekuda kwekutengeserana kwakawanda mune zvekurima, nyika dzichiri kusimukira kushomeka kwechikafu kwawedzera kusvika paUS $ 11 bhiriyoni pagore. Makore anenge 40 apfuura, nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzaitotengesa zvokudya kune dzimwe nyika uye dzakanga dzine imwe mari yeUS$7 bhiriyoni mukutengesa zvokudya. Iko kutendeuka kwehupfumi hwechikafu ndiyo mhedzisiro yekutengeserana kwakasununguka.
Zvibereko kubva mukutengeserana kusina kuenzana zvakabviswa nemaoko mashoma emakambani ega ega. Purofiti yeMonsanto, iyo kambani hombe yembeu pasi rose, yakakwira 108 muzana, nepo Cargill naArcher Daniel Midlands (ADM), vatengesi vezvekudya vepasirese, vakanyoresa purofiti ye86 uye 42 muzana, zvichiteerana. Profits for Mosaic, rimwe remakambani makuru efotereza pasi rose, yakwira nechikamu chimwe chete nemazana matatu ane makumi mana nezvina kubva muzana. Hameno kuti bhiri rerubatsiro rwefetereza muIndia rakatopfuura Indian Rs 1,134-crore mark. Kwete kutengeserana chete, G-1,00,000 yakanga yatarisawo basa rinogona kuita zvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa (GM) mukupedza nzara kubva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira. Imwe fungidziro ichangoburwa neboka reConsultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), dare rinotonga renzvimbo 8 dzepasi rose dzeongororo yezvekurima, yakataura kuti biotechnology inogona kubatsira mukufambira mberi kukuru mugoho. Saizvozvo, GM inogona kuwedzera kuwedzera goho repasi rose neimwe 16 muzana mumakore anotevera.
Sezvineiwo, kudzidza kweCGIAR hakusi kutombobvumwa nemakambani eGM. Martin Taylor, sachigaro weSyngenta, mumwe wevatsigiri vepasi rose vekutsvagisa kweGM, anoramba zvakataurwa neCGIAR. Mubvunzurudzo neThe Guardian, akati: "GM haigadziri dambudziko rekudya, kunyanya kwete munguva pfupi." Mashoko ake anopesana nezvakataurwa nevatungamiri veG-8 vanoona mukana mukuru wezvirimwa zveGM mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekudya kwenyika.
MuIndia zvakare, hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika huri kuenderana nefungidziro uye zvinotarisirwa zvisina kunaka. Zvichiparura kukanganiswa kwekuongorora kwehupfumi nesainzi kuri kusimudzirwa nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi uye vanogadzira mitemo yenyika dzekumadokero, hurumende yeIndia inorambawo kutarisa kupfuura. Komisheni Yekuronga uye Bazi reSainzi neTekinoroji inoratidza kutenda kwakawanda mune izvo Thomas M Schoewe, mutevedzeri wasachigaro weWal-Mart International uye mukuru mukuru weWal-Mart International Stores vanofanira kutaura nezve kuvhura kwekutengesa kwakawanda uye izvo Friedrich Berschauer, sachigaro weBayer CropSciences AG anofanirwa kutaura pamusoro pekugona kwezvirimwa zveGM / chikafu.
Nehurombo, izvo zvisiri kuonekwa ndezvekuti dambudziko rekurima riripo zvino mhedzisiro yehutongi husina kurongeka hwekutengeserana uye matekinoroji asingadiwi ane basa shoma kune zvinodiwa nevarimi vadiki nevasina.