Manning Marable
The
kurwisana kukuru kweboka ripi neripi rakadzvinyirirwa munzanga ine rusaruraganda ndiko kutamburira
dzorera ndangariro dzakabatana uye chitupa. Pamwero wetsika, rusaruraganda runotsvaka
kuramba vanhu veAfrica, American Indian, Asian uye Latino dzinza ravo
manzwi, nhoroondo netsika. Kubva pakuona kwerusaruraganda, vanhu vatema
havana "nyaya" yakakodzera kutaura; iyo rondedzero huru yakarukwa mukati
hutungamiri hwenyika hwerusaruro rwevachena, ropafadzo uye simba zvinomiririra
chiitiko chepamutemo chete chakakosha kuziva.
Frantz
Fanon muBlack Skin, White Masks anoita fungidziro yekuti kukunda kukuru
zverusaruraganda ndepapo vanhu vatema vanotadza kubata tsika nehunhu hwavo,
vachitsvaga kudarika mamiriro avo ekudzvinyirirwa seMumwe nekuve
chimwe chinhu chavasiri. Pasi pekolonialism uye Jim Crow segregation, vanhu ve
Vedzinza remuAfrica vaigara vachimanikidzwa kuti vaenderane nemafungiro erusaruraganda
vanobatwa navo nenzanga ine simba. Vamwe vakatera kudzvinyiriro iyi, tichifunga kudaro
iyo mask ye "Sambo" kuti urarame, kana kuve nechokwadi kuti yavo
hupenyu hwevana hwaizoenda mberi. Vamwe vakazvipira kuti vawane a
yepamusoro-soro, kurwira kutora hunhu hwavo uye tsika dzetsika,
uye kuvaka nharaunda dzakavakirwa mukuperera kwechokwadi chako. The
ruzivo rwehutema haruwanike mune genetics, uye chete zvisina kunanga mune
ruvara rweganda remunhu. Inowanikwa mukubatana ikoko kune zviratidzo, kurarama
tsika nenhoroondo dzekurambana, kuvandudzwa uye shanduko.
We
iye zvino tiri kurarama munguva apo rusarura rwemutemo, colonialism uye kunyange rusaruraganda
yakabviswa. Zviratidzo zve "white" uye "ruvara" kumativi ose
Maodzanyemba andinorangarira zvakanyanya muhuduku hwangu akatorwa pasi kweanopfuura
generation. Zvichida hazvishamisi kuti nhamba inokura yevanhu vedu
tora sekurerutsa kukunda kwegutsaruzhinji kunowanikwa-kodzero yekuvhota
uye kuva nechinzvimbo chekusarudza, kuwana basa rakanaka, kubviswa kwerusarura
akapatsanura veruzhinji pekugara, mikana mudzidzo yepamusoro kuburikidza
affirmative action-kutadza kuziva kuti chii chakahwinwa kwemazana emakore
kurwisana kunogona kubviswa. Kunyangwe ivo vari ivo vanonyanya kubatsirwa neiyo
hondo yerusununguko, vanozvibvisa kwairi. Vauya kune venhema
mhedziso yekuti zvavakaita zvaive nematarenda avo ega
uye kushanda nesimba. Uye ivo vanoshingairira kurwisa thesis kuti kusviba, mukati ne
pachayo, ine chero kukosha kwetsika, kunze kwezvinosimudzira zvinokanganisa kuchena.
Debra
Dickerson, mumwe mukuru kuNew America Foundation, mumwe muenzaniso weizvi
unfortunate trend. Ndiye munyori webhuku idzva, An American Story, iro
anopokana, "yave nguva yapfuura vatema vakasarudza kubva muhutema." Mune an
op-ed chinyorwa mwedzi yakati wandei yapfuura ichibuda muWashington Post, Dickerson
inoshoropodza chirongwa cheHoward University cheAfrica DNA nekuedza ku
batanidza vatema vekuAmerica nemadzitateguru eAfrica. Kuna Dickerson, tsvakiridzo yeDNA chete
ine kukosha nekuti "isu takabiridzirwa kubva pane zvese zvinongedzo kune zvakapfuura
kunze kweruvara rweganda achakwanisa kuziva zvakawanda nezve yedu (European)
nhaka."
Dickerson
haina kushivirira kune veAfrica America vanozvizivisa ivo sechikamu che
African diaspora. "MuNigerian akatamira kuAmerica muna 2000
hapana chakafanana nevazukuru vevaranda veAmerica, asi isu tiri
zvese zviri zviviri zvakaomeswa nechando kusvika kune chimwe chikamu chedu pachedu."
Kunze kwezvo, iye anoti, โkune mhuri shoma dzevatema dzisingazvitutumadzi pamusoro paikoku
varungu nemaIndia ( all chiefs) mudzinza ravo vonyepa kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei
kuita kuti bvudzi ravo risimuke 'saizvozvo' panguva yekutonga kweAfro."
At
magumo echinyorwa chaDickerson, mundima inovhiringika uye inotyisa,
anoti vanhu vatema vekuAmerica havafanire "kuzvidza" vachena avo
akabata madzisekuru avo chibharo. Pasina uranda, pangadai pasina Jese
Jackson," anosimbirira, "hapana Leontyne Price," "Tiger
Woods," "jazz kana evhangeri," uye "kwete ini." Inofanira here NAACP
kumisa mushandirapamwe wayo wekurwisa Confederate kurwa mureza, nekuti chikamu che
"yedu" nhaka, zvakare? Ko zvizvarwa zvevakabatwa chibharo
vazviwanire kuzivikanwa uye zvazvinoreva ivo pachavo nekusvika pakuziva kutsva kwe
mabhinya? Dickerson anovhiringa genetics netsika. Tinogona kugovana hukama hwemajini
varidzi vevaranda, asi mupiro wavo chete wakakosha kune yedu nhoroondo yekuzivikanwa
ndiko kwaiva kurwa kwatakaita navo. Hatina tsika dzakafanana, uye hatidyidzani
nhoroondo. Hatina chikwereti navo kunze kwekuzvidza.
More
zvedzidzo muchimiro, asi kwete kushoma kuzvivenga, ibhuku richangoburwa, Kurasika Mujaho:
Kuzviparadza muBlack America, neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia linguistics
purofesa John H. McWhorter. Kurasika Mujaho anopikisa kuti affirmative action
inoremara vadzidzi veAfrica-America vachibatsira kumweya wevatema
"anti-intellectualism" uye kune "kudzika-kusvika pasi pasi
zvakaoma" izvo zvinoderedza kudzidza. "Mumakore angu ekudzidzisa,"
McWhorter anoti, "Handina kumbove nemudzidzi anonyangarika pasina
tsananguro, kana kupenengura bvunzo yakandinetsa kuti aipinda sei
kirasi uye akaita zvakashata, aive asiri African American. . ."
McWhorter's
chikuru ndechekuti vanhu vatema seboka havana kugadzirira uye havakodzeri
kugamuchirwa kuzvikoro zvevachena zvepamusoro. Vadzidzi veBlack Berkeley, zvisinei,
haisi kurasikirwa zvachose. Hapana kana mumwe wavo "angave asina kugadzikana mune yakanaka
restaurant" uye vazhinji "pamwe vanoziva kuti waini inoenda nei
huku." Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakajeka havagoni kukwikwidza nemuchena wavo
vamwe vavo uye vakabatwa ne "maitiro avo ekukunda."
McWhorter
anobvuma kuti nhangemutange yake yakamubatsira kuhwina ruwadzano rwedzidzo, uye kubudirira
nzvimbo yake yefakaroti kuCornell uye ikozvino kuBerkeley. Asi sezvakaita tsumo
murume anotiza mugomba ndokukweva manera shure kwake, achiteya vamwe
pazasi, McWhorter anoda chaizvo kuzvibvisa kubva kune yake
hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi dzakadzvinyirirwa. Mutengo wekupinzwa muchena
kugadzwa ndiko kushoropodza vatema nemazwi asingatarisirwi. Uye kutaura zvazviri, Abhigairi
naStephan Thernstrom, uyo akarwisa zvine utsinye chiito chekusimbisa muAmerica mu
Black and White, rumbidzai bhuku raMcWhorter se "rakanaka."
Dickerson
naMcWhorter vanhu vakakuvara mutsika mumazana emakore vachirwisana
rusaruraganda. Asi kungava kukanganisa kufunga kuti vakarasika. The
rufu rwekuparadzaniswa kwepamutemo, uye kuputika muhukuru hwevatema
nyanzvi-maneja kirasi, inogadzira nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yekubuda kwe
vatema vanoda kutiza hutema hwavo. Vanogona kunge vakagadzirira kushora
vanhu vavo kuti vafambise mberi mabasa avo, asi isu hatifaniri kuvabvumira
kuti vaende vasingaonekwi kana kuti vasina kupikiswa. Kuti tibvise rusaruraganda, tinofanira kugara
yeuka kuti danho rokutanga riri mukukoshesa nhoroondo yedu netsika.
Dr.
Manning Marable ndiye Purofesa weNhoroondo nePolitical Science, uye
Mutungamiriri weInstitute for Research in African-American Studies, Columbia
Yunivhesiti. "Along the Colour Line" inogoverwa mahara kune
zvinopfuura 350 zvinyorwa muUS uye nekunze. Dr. Marable's
column inowanikwawo paInternet pa www.manningmarable.net.