Manheru ekutanga kwegore rekutanga kumukira kweGezi, boka diki revashandi vemicheka rinoongorora imwe yakasarudzika: gara, ramba, gadzira!
Diren!Kazova, inoverenga chikwangwani chiri pamusoro pechitoro chidiki nenzvimbo yetsika munharaunda yeIstanbul yakabatikana yeŞişli. Mukati, uriri hwakagadzirwa nematombo ematombo, zvichipa muenzi fungidziro yekusvika pamhando yemusika wemukati wemumugwagwa. masirogani akadai '1st of May!', 'Resist Kazova!' uye 'Chimurenga Ngachirarame!' zvakanyorwa pamabwe akapararira mukati mekamuri. Kubva kumadziro anorembera machira akazara nemajuzi, mazana awo. Pakungoaona anoita seangori majuziwo zvawo. Kureva, kusvikira munhu adzidza nyaya iri shure kwavo. Ipapo kamwe kamwe majuzi anoshanduka kuita zviratidzo zvekuramba, zviratidzo zvekuzvidza, uye tariro yakabatika yeruzhinji yakaenzana, hupfumi hwakarurama - hongu, yenyika iri nani kunyangwe.
Nyaya inotanga kupfuura gore rapfuura, muvhiki yekupedzisira yaJanuary 2013. Panguva iyoyo vashandi veKazova textile factory vakaiswa pazororo revhiki nevakuru vavo, hama Ümit naUmut Somuncu, vasina kuwana mihoro yavo. , ndoda kubhadhara ovhataimu, kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Vakoma vekuSomuncu vakavaudza kuti pavaizodzoka kufekitori kwapera svondo rimwe chete vaizowana mari yavo yekudzokera, asi vakazosangana negweta rekambani iyi iro rakavazivisa kuti vashandi vose makumi mapfumbamwe nevashanu vakanga vadzingwa basa pamwe chete nekuti ‘vaive vasipo kusingazivikanwe. ' kwemazuva matatu akatevedzana. Boss vanga vadaro kunyangarika usiku hwose, vachitora 100,000 majuzi, matani makumi mana eshinda uye chero chinhu chinokosha. Vakanga vaparadza michina yavaisakwanisa kuuya nayo, vachisiya vashandi vasina chinhu, vasina mihoro yavo uye vasina zvokushandisa pakugadzira.
Vamwe vevashandi vakanga vapedza makore, kana kuti makumi emakore, vari mufekitari, uye zvino kamwe kamwe, kubva pazuva rimwe kusvikira pane rinotevera vakazviwana vasisina basa, vasina mari yavanotambira uye vasina kodzero ipi neipi kana kuti mukana wokutonga vakuru vavo vemhosva. "KuTurkey, mutemo hauna kugadzirwa maererano nemushandi," anodaro Nihat Özbey, mumwe wevashandi veKazova, pandinotaura naye muchitoro chavo. "Saka, dai pasina kushandisa simba, tingadai tisina kuwana zvataida."
Vachifunga izvi, vashandi vakaita chinhu chine musoro chete chavaigona kuita: vakaramba. Kuramba kwavo kwakatanga nokufora kwevhiki nevhiki kwokutsutsumwa kubva munzvimbo yapakati penharaunda kuenda kufekitari, asi pavakangoziva kuti vaimbova mamaneja vefekitari yacho pavakanga vasipo vairamba vachibira chinhu chipi nechipi chinokosha panzvimbo yacho, vashandi vakasarudza kugara panzvimbo yavo yebasa. . “Musi waApril 28 takasimudza tende redu pamberi pefekitari,” Bülent Ünal anoshanda kuKazova. anorondedzera, "Kubva ipapo kuramba kwedu kwakava kuramba tende."
Kupokana uye kubatana
Mumavhiki akatevera vashandi ava vakarwiswa nemakororo emaricho, vachipomerwa mhosva yehumbavha nevaimbova vashandirwi vavo uye kupfurwa hutsi hunokachidza uye kurohwa nemapurisa apo vairatidzira musi waMay Day, asi hapana kana chimwe chazvo chakakwanisa kuvakanganisa kurwira chii. zvaiva zvavo. Musi waJune 30, yakasimbiswa ne Gezi Uprising, vashandi vakaenderera mberi nebasa ravakanga varonga pafekitari.
Kutanga, vakaedza kutengesa michina yakanga yasara mufekitari, asi nokukurumidza vakarwiswazve nemapurisa. Vamwe vavo vana pavakapinzwa muusungwa, vamwe vashandi vasere vaiva muchikwata chevarwi vehondo vakaramwa nzara vachitsutsumwa nemabatirwo avakaitwa nevakuru vakuru, avo vaivaona semakororo uye vaimbova vashandi vavo sevanhu vaurayiwa. “Sabhuku kutibira basa, kutitorera michina yaisava mhosva. Asi isu tiri kuedza kuwana chidimbu chemikana yedu aiva mhosva,” inoti Ünal. “Mapurisa akauya kufekitari iyi zvichitevera zvichemo zvevakuru vevashandi […] Zvekare kuongorora kwakaitwa pamusoro pedu; zvakare we ndivo vaipomerwa. Hapana akati bufu kuna shefu."
Vashandi vakanyatsoona kuti zvipingamupinyi zvaipesana navo, uye kuti kuramba kwavo kwaizosangana nemhirizhonga uye kuedza nemasimba-aizova kukanganisa kuedza kwavo kushanda vakazvimirira fekitori yavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakafuridzirwa uye vakasimbiswa nekuratidzwa kwekubatana kwavakagamuchira kubva kune vavakidzani vavo, vashandi pamwe navo uye comrades muguta rose uye munyika yose, vashandi veKazova vakasarudza kuzarurazve fekitari. Vakatangazve kugadzira vachishandisa muchina wakare wavakanga vasiirwa nevakuru vavo uye netwumichina tushoma twushoma twusina kukoshesa pakupamba fekitori.
Boka rekutanga remajuzi ravaigadzira richitongwa nevashandi rakatumirwa kuvasungwa vechikadzi nevana vakanga vavanyorera tsamba dzokuvatsigira panguva yokurwa kwavo. Majuzi ainge asara aitengeswa pacafe ye Kolektif 26A muTaksim uye kune vakawanda Gezi forum mhiri kweguta, iro rakanga ramuka mushure mekunge Gezi Park yadzingwa nevakuru pakati paChikumi. Mari yavakaita kuburikidza nekutengesa uku yakashandiswa kugadzirisa michina yakaparadzwa nevakuru vavo.
Kuitira kuti kurwira kwavo kuonekwe kune veruzhinji, vashandi vakarongawo maforamu akati wandei uye munaGunyana vakaita musangano chaiwo. fashoni show umo vanhu vakati wandei - vanosanganisira nyanzvi, vatori venhau, vatambi, vadzidzi vezvidzidzo nemapoka emimhanzi - vakapinda. "Fashion yekupokana," munyori weTurkey, gweta uye muratidziri Metin Yeğin akazvidana, asati aratidza kupenga kwekushandisa chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvecapitalism sechiito chekuramba.
'MaSweta Anotengeka Kune Vese!'
Mutongo wedare uchangopfuura wakasarudza kuti michina iri mufekitari yaizouya kuvashandi semuripo wemihoro yavo yakarasika, uye nemichina yaunzwa kunzvimbo itsva zvinhu zvose zvagadzirira kugadzirwa, izvo zvinofanira kuitika mukati memwedzi miviri.
Slogan yakagamuchirwa nevashandi veKazova - 'Affordable Sweaters For All!' - inopupurira kutenda kwavo kuti kurwira uku kuri pamusoro pezvakawanda kupfuura mabasa nemararamiro evanhu gumi nevaviri. Vashandi vanonyatsoziva nezvenguva yakakosha uye nzvimbo umo kurwira kwavo kunoitika, uye chokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yacho ichazadza zviuru zvevatsigiri, makomuredhi, vanoona uye vashandi pamwe netariro kana kupererwa.
Uye sezvakangoita kurwisana kusiri mumagariro evanhu kune vashandi veKazova ivo pachavo, saka nzvimbo yaro yekusvika inowedzera kure nemiganhu yeTurkey. Vashandi vakatosvika kumafekitori akazvimiririra uye macooperative kumwewo, kusanganisira Vio.Me muGreece neMondragon Cooperatives muBasque Country, kuitira kumisikidza kubatana kwekubatana; kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kune vamwe uye pamwe mune ramangwana vachinjanisa zvigadzirwa zvebasa ravo.
Vashandi veKazova vanoti vakafemerwa uye vakasimbiswa nemhepo yekuratidzira kweGezi, uye iko zvino kuburikidza nekutsunga kwavo kumhanyisa fekitori yavo yeramangwana semubatanidzwa wevashandi vanozvimiririra, kurwisa kwavo kwachinja kuve mwenje wetariro kune vese vakatora migwagwa mumazana ezviuru zvawo kuti varambe mitemo yehurumende iri kuramba ichidzvinyirira.
Kodzero dzevashandi dzeTurkey dzakaipa
Turkey ine tsika refu yekudzvinyirira uye kudzvinyirirwa kwekodzero dzevashandi, iyo yakanga yatopararira pasi pehudzvanyiriri hwemauto ekare muma1980s uye yakaenderera mberi pasi pehurumende iripo yeJustice and Development Party (AKP) (ona izvi. yakanaka chinyorwa pamusoro penyaya). Kodzero dzekuronga nekuramwa mabasa dzakadzikiswa, uye kodzero dzevashandi dzinotyorwa pamwero mukuru nemamiriro ekushanda asina kuchengetedzeka uye kusarangwa kwevaridzi vemakambani vanozadza homwe dzavo vashandi vachifa.
Muna Ndira chete, 82 vanhu vakafa mushure mekukuvadzwa nebasa - vaviri vacho vaive vadiki, 6 uye 13 wemakore zvakateerana, vakafira mumigwagwa vachinhonga marara kuti vatsigire mhuri dzavo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mukusimbisa kunotyisa kwemamiriro asina kunaka ekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi muTurkey, vanopfuura 300 vashandi vemumigodhi vakafa pakamuka moto mumugodhi wemarasha. Soma. Muna Kurume, mugodhi wakagamuchira “zvibodzwa zvakakwana” kubva kumutarisiri wezvekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende, anga ari muramu womukuru mukuru wekambani, achiratidza hukama hwepedyo huri pakati pevakuru vakuru vehurumende nevakuru vemabhizimisi.
Zvinoenderana nebumbiro remutemo, masangano evashandi anofanirwa kumiririra ruzhinji rwevashandi panzvimbo yebasa, uye zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zvevashandi vese vari muchikamu ichocho kuitira kuti vagove mumiriri wenhaurirano (izvi zviri pasi kubva pagumi kubva muzana gore ra3 risati rasvika, asi kubva pamari iyi. yezvikamu zvakadzikiswa panguva imwe chete uye saizi yadzo yakawedzera, iyo 10 muzana inomiririra inogona kunge yakaoma kuwana pane yaimbova gumi muzana). Sezvinongoita hurumende ipi neipi inotongwa nenheyo dzeneoliberal ingada kuzviona, nhengo yemubatanidzwa yadzikira kusvika pakudzikira zvakanyanya neisingasviki 2012 muzana yevashandi vakarongwa mumibatanidzwa. Hurumende yakasimudzira neoliberal mitemo yebasa iyo inobvisa mabhenefiti, kucheka hutano uye kuchengetedza mamirioni avanhu muhusungwa muhurongwa hwebasa husina kuchengeteka uye husina kuchengeteka.
Kushandiswa kwemakondirakiti ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvakakonzera kuti vashandi vemufekitori yeGreif burlap bag varonge kuramwa mabasa mumwedzi yekutanga ya2014. Vaida kuti vashandi vekondirakiti vapedzisirwe, ma subcontractors achiunzwa mumba, muripo- kusimuka, kubva pamuhoro wepasi wepamutemo we978 Turkish liras (inenge €330,-) uye kodzero dzemagariro. Kwemazuva 90 vashandi vakanga vachiramwa mabasa, vachigara mufekitari yavo, kusvikira kupambwa kwemapurisa musi waKubvumbi 10 zvakaimisa, pakavharirwa vanhu vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nevaviri vaiita basa iri, uye vatori venhau vaviri vaibata nyaya iyi.
Imwe sarudzo ine demokrasi
Mugore rapfuura, kukunda kweAKP musarudzo dzemanisipala dzichangobva kupfuura, kudzikira kwehupfumi hweTurkey, uye zhizha rapfuura rekuratidzira kweGezi kwakangosimudzira hurumende yaErdoğan mukurwisa kwayo vashandi vese, uye kunyanya masangano evashandi akarerekera kuruboshwe. . Hurumende nguva pfupi yadarika yakaedza kupomera vatungamiriri veKESK, iyo yeTurkey public-sector trade union, vachipomerwa mhosva dzehugandanga. Muna Kukadzi, 23 nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzaive akasunungurwa mushure megore rimwe mujeri, vamwe vavo vatanhatu vachiri mujeri.
PaMay Day, pakati peIstanbul zvakare yakafukidzwa nemakore egasi remisodzi apo zviuru zvevashandi, vakasimukira kuruboshwe uye vamwe vainzwira tsitsi vakaedza kufora pachiratidziro uye chakanyatsovharwa-kunze kweTaksim square. Nekupembererwa kwegore rekutanga rekumukira kweGezi kwasara mazuva mashoma kuti migwagwa yeIstanbul nemamwe maguta makuru muTurkey angove zvakare nhandare yemhirizhonga pakati peAKP's private security forces (kureva mapurisa enyika) nevaratidziri vanobva kumativi ese ehupenyu vanoda kururamisira, kuenzana uye kudonha kwehurumende yeAKP.
Mukati mekurwisana uku kunoramba kuripo pakati pevashandi vanorwira kodzero dzavo uye hurumende ichidzvinyirira manzwi ose anopikisa, vashandi veKazova vauya neimwe nzira yedemocracy: "Occupy, Resist, Produce!" - mhere-mhere yehondo yavakatora kubva mufekitari yakadzoserwa kufamba kweArgentina. Panzvimbo pekuda kugadziridzwa kwemutemo izvo hurumende ingangodaro isingakudze zvakadaro, kana kuda kukwidzwa kwemubhadharo kubva kune mukuru webasa angangoda kusunungura mapurisa kune vashandi vake, vashandi veKazova vakazvitora ivo pachavo. Kwete Kudai kubhadhara kuri nani uye mamiriro ekushanda, asi kutora them; kwete kubvunza kune imwe nzira iri nani, asi kusika zvavo; kwete kurwira zvavo mari, asi nokuda kwekutonga pamusoro pe nzira dzekugadzira.
“Kubatsira hachisiricho chinangwa chedu,” anotsanangura kudaro Nihat Özbey, “asi kupanana pfungwa, kugadzira vanhu vanochinja kubatana. Kana tikabudirira, ichave imwe yenguva dzekutanga muTurkey kuti vashandi vatore fekitori yavo uye vatangezve kugadzira pasi pevashandi. " Pese pavanovhura fekitori yavo nyowani, vamwe vavo vekare - kunyangwe avo vasina kutora chikamu mukupokana - vanogamuchirwa kudzoka kuti vapinde mumubatanidzwa, uko vese vachawana mubhadharo wakaenzana uye kodzero dzakaenzana, sekureva kwaÖzbey.
“Hatisi kuzonyanya kufunga nezvezvakaitika kare,” anodaro. Uye iyo ndiyo chaiyo simba uye kunaka kwemuenzaniso waKazova. Iri boka duku revashandi gumi nerimwe, vakanyimwa nzira dzavo dzokurarama nazvo, vakanyeperwa uye vakanyengedzwa, kunyengedzwa, kutongwa, kurohwa, kusungwa, kurwiswa, kushungurudzwa uye kupfurwa negasi, havana kumbocheuka asi panzvimbo pezvo vakaisa pfungwa dzavo pane chii. zviri mberi. Kuburikidza nekuramba kwavo kurega uye kutsunga kwavo kubudirira, vashandi veKazova vanokurudzira kune vose. Kukunda kwavo kwekupedzisira kunogona kuratidza kutanga kwechitsauko chitsva chekupokana muTurkey.
Joris Leverink iIstanbul-based akasununguka munyori uye mupepeti weROAR Magazine. Mutevere pa Twitter @JorisLever.