โMunoziva here kuti vanhu vekuChile vakatanga kuziva sei nezveIndonesia?โ anobvunza Jorge Insulza, munyori wekunze weChilean Communist Party. Kare Pinochet isati yavhomorwa, vatsigiri vekurudyi vaityisidzira nhengo dzemapato ari kufambira mberi: 'Chenjerai, Jakarta iri kuuya!'
Saka chirevo chehondo ye1965 yakatungamirirwa naGeneral Suharto iyo yakatsigirwa nemoyo wose nevematongerwe enyika nemakambani ekumadokero. Mukati memwedzi yakati, maKomonisiti echiIndonesia ari pakati pemiriyoni imwe ne1, vasingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari uye nhengo dzeboka duku rokuChina vakaurayiwa zvisina tsitsi mune zvingarondedzerwa nyore nyore sokuponda kwakaipisisa kwezana remakore rechi3.
Mazuva mashoma mushure mekutaura naInsulza ndakatarisana nevanhu vekuChile vakapidigurwa hurumende muna 1973 vakanga vauya kuzoona bhaisikopo rangu rekuti โTerlenaโBreaking of a Nation,โ pamusoro pehudzvinyiriri hweIndonesia, kuUniversidad Arsis muSantiago. Mumwe mukadzi wechikuru, sezviri pachena akazununguswa, akauya pedyo neni ndokuzevezera kuti: โTakanzwa kuti kwakanga kwakaipa ikoko, kuIndonesiaรขโฌยฆasi takanga tisingazivi kuti zvakanga zvakaipa kudaro. Sezviri pachena, Chile neIndonesia hadzingogoverani gungwa rimwe chete, asi dzinogoverana zvakaitika kare zvinotyisa.โ
Muna Kurume, Munyori weUnited States of State Condoleezza Rice akasarudza kutanga rwendo rwepasi rose, achishanyira Chile, Indonesia neAustralia. Mucherechedzo werwendo rwake wakapukunyuka zviri nyore kutariswa kweanenge ese ma media media.
Munyika mbiri idzi, hudzvanyiriri hwakadonha zviri pamutemo pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kwakakurumbira: muChile mukupera kwema80, muIndonesia makore angangoita gumi gare gare. Asi nyika dzese dzaimbove dzevatengi dzakakura nenzira yakasiana: imwe yakatanga nzira yedemocracy ichisimbisa budiriro yemagariro, nepo imwe ichinetsa pasi pehurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri nevanhu vazhinji vanogara munhamo.
Chikonzero chakaita kuti Mai Rice vashanyire kuChile kwaiva kugadzwa kweMutungamiriri mutsva weChile, Michelle Bachelet โ anoona nezvemagariro evanhu, amai vasina murume vevana vatatu uye asingafungi kuti Mwari ariko. Amai Rice vakatofanira kugara vakamedza hurukuro yekutanga apo Mutungamiri Bachelet vakaremekedza baba vavo, Alberto Bachelet, mukuru wemauto emuchadenga akapambwa, akarwadziswa uye akapondwa mujeri nekuda kwekupikisa kupidigura hurumende muna 1973 vachipikisa Mutungamiri wesoshalisti akasarudzwa nenzira yegutsaruzhinji Salvador Allende. .
Michelle Bachelet pachake akapona muhusungwa, kutambudzwa uye kudzingwa, ne-zvigadzirwa zve US kunze kwenyika mutemo. Asi zvino akange achizvikudza achiita mhiko yake paImba yakazara vanhu yeHonor yeChile muguta rechiteshi chengarava reValparaiso, akakomberedzwa neshamwari dzake - vatungamiriri vehurumende dzekuruboshwe kubva kuSouth America yese.
"South America yashanduka," akadaro Hugo Chavez, Mutungamiriri weVenezuela uyo akwanisa kupona mukuvhota kwakatsigirwa neUS. โMushandi ndiye mutungamiri weBrazil โ kunouya Lula; muIndia mutungamiri weBolivia; mukadzi ndipurezidhendi weChile, uye muVenezuela, musoja wechimurenga, ndizvo zvandiri.โ
Condoleezza Rice akatsanangura sarudzo muChile se "kukunda kwedemocracy," achisiya chokwadi chekuti kukunda kwakatora makore anopfuura makumi matatu kuti asvike pamutengo wevanopfuura zviuru zvina vakafa uye mamirioni evarume, vakadzi nevana vakashungurudzwa, vakadzingwa. kana kudzingwa. Asi kukunda zvakadaro!
Ndiko kwaive kuChile, kushanya kwekutanga kwaAmai Rice. Chile ine GDP per capita inopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu zvemadhora, ine zvivakwa zvemazuva ano, maguta anoyevedza uye neruzhinji rwevagari vava vepakati. Chile iyo yakabvisa Pinochet kusadzivirirwa kwake ndokuisa vaimbove mhondi - dzimwe dzacho - kuseri kwemabhawa. Nyika ine vanhu vakadzidza zvakanaka vanogona kusarudza vakasununguka pakati pevamiriri vemapoka akawanda ezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira aya emapato eHumanist neCommunist.
Nzvimbo yaitevera yaAmai Rice yaiva Indonesia.
Ikoko akakurukura nezveโkudyidzana kwakanakaโ munyika ino โinoshiviriraโ uye โine mweroโ munharaunda ine matambudziko. Indonezhiya zvechokwadi inoshivirira uye ine mwero zvekuti haibvumire Bato reCommunist, chero chitendero kunze kwevashanu chakakosha, kusatenda kuti kuna Mwari uye agnosticism, ungochani uye kugarisana kwevarume nevakadzi vasina kuroora. Zvine mwero kwazvo zvokuti vasikana vaduku vechiKristu vari kugurwa musoro masikati machena uye vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu vanopisirwa muchetura mundege nevatyairi vendege, nepo mabhomba anoputika mumisika yakazara vanhu, pamahombekombe evashanyi uye pamberi penhume dzedzimwe nyika. Vanyanyisi vechitendero vakapfeka nguo chena vari kufamba mumigwagwa yemaguta makuru, vachirwisa mabhawa nenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira wakashata, pamwe chete nemachechi.
Asi Amai Rice havana kuuya pano kuzopikisa kushivirira, kuva nemwero uye hutongi hwejekerere. Izvi ndizvo zvakataurwa naSteven R. Weisman weThe New York Times nezveshanyo yake: โAchitaura nezveIndonesia, Rice negurukota rinoona nezvekunze kweIndonesia, Noer Hassan Wirajuda, vakashandisa mashoko okuti โkubatana kwakasimba.โ Izvi zvinoratidza kufarira kweAmerica mukuvaka nyika ino sesimba guru rekutengesa nemauto mudunhu, muchikamu kubatsira kurwisa kusimba kweChina. "
Uye pamusoro pezvose, Mai Rice vakauya kuzowedzera kushandira pamwe kwemauto mushure mesarudzo gore rakapera rekutangazve rubatsiro rwemauto kumauto eIndonesia, achipomerwa kwemakumi emakore ekutyorwa kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Mauto eIndonesia ari muligi rawo. Haina hunyanzvi zvachose, ine vashandi vakawandisa, ine zvombo zvakashata, haina kudzidziswa uye ine huori. Yayo yepamusoro brass iri kutyaira eumbozha sedans uye maSUVs pamuhoro wepamusoro wemadhora mazana maviri pamwedzi. Varwi pamwe chete nevakuru vepamusoro-soro vanovhenekera mwedzi semabouncer uye vanorinda kumakirabhu ehusiku nemakambani emuno pamwe nevekunze (Freeport yakabvuma kuti yakabhadhara mamiriyoni emadhora mukutsinhana nekudzivirirwa muPapua).
Haisi chakavanzika kuti mauto akatadza kudzivirira Indonesia kune chero mhandu yekunze, asi mabharaki ayo makuru akapararira munzvimbo dzese dzezvitsuwa, mumaguta ese, mataundi uye mumisha mizhinji, kutyisidzira vanhuwo zvavo. Kunyange zvichiseka seuto redziviriro, hapana mauto pasi pano anogona "kudada" nekuuraya vanhu vazhinji vasina zvombo mukati menyika yavo semauto eIndonesia.
Huwandu hwakakura hwakaurayiwa ne "simba rekudzivirira" iri hahuzivikanwi, asi hunosanganisira 1 kusvika 3 miriyoni varume nevakadzi panguva ye 1965 coup, mazana ezviuru muPapua (kunyangwe iyo yepamutemo kuverenga iri "kupfuura" 100 zviuru), kupfuura. 200 zviuru mune yaimbogarwa East Timor (chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari), makumi ezviuru muSulawesi, uye nhamba dzisati dzazivikanwa muAceh.
Kusvika pari zvino, hapana mukuru mukuru ati atongwa. 16 muvakuru vakuru vehurumende nemauto 18 vakanga vabatanidzwa mukuponda kweEast Timor vakanzi havana mhosva. Avo vane mutoro wokuponda munzvimbo dzose dzadudzwa pamusoro apa vari kufarikanya kusarangwa; vamwe vari kudada nemabasa avo pachena. Ipo Chile yakasarudza munhu wekushungurudzwa seMutungamiriri wayo, Indonesia yakasarudza aimbove General uyo, pamusoro pazvo, akaroora mwanasikana wemumwe wevakuru vemauto akakonzera kupondwa kwa1965.
โChiuto isangano rinokosha muIndonesia. Hazvina kumboita shanduko yayo zvachose, asi tinotenda kuti shanduko idzi dziri kuitika uye kuti tinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuvandudza nekuva chikamu chayoรขโฌยฆโ Ndizvo zvakataurwa naCondoleezza Rice. Zvaakakanganwa kujekesa ndezvekuti "magadzirirwo api, chaizvo?" Asi hazvishamise, nekuti hutongi hwake hunonyatso shandiswa kusanganisa mazwi ekuti "hondo" uye "runyararo," "kurwisa" uye "kuzvidzivirira," "democracy" uye "kutya."
Hurumende yeIndonesia nevakuru vakuru vemauto muIndonesia vanofanirwa kunge vari kuseka zvavo. Vari kuwana mibairo yekusaita chero chinhu, nekuda kwekuita kwavo kunotyisa muAceh (uko mauto aiba chikafu kubva kumasangano anobatsira uye achitengesa pamusika mutema), nekuda kwekutyisidzira kwavo muPapua neSulawesi.
Asi zvadaro, Indonesia inhoroondo inyika yehunyengeri, uye chero ichienderera mberi munzira yakasimba yekuchengetedza capitalism yayo ine hutsinye (kugehena neruzhinji rwevanhu vanorarama nemari isingasviki dhora pazuva: chokwadi chisingambofi. zvakabvumwa zvakadaro), inogona kuvimba nerutsigiro rusina muganho kubva kumadokero, urwo rwakabatikana pazviwanikwa zvayo uye simba rayo rinobhadharwa zvakanyanya uye rinotyisidzirwa.
Michelle Bachelet haana kurangarira baba vake vakapondwa chete. Akapa mutero ku "mauto edu ane zvombo, ari zvakare mauto evaChile vese."
Kunyange zvazvo vaChile vaiziva nezveIndonesia kare hurumende yavo inofambira mberi isati yatanga kurwiswa, vanhu vokuIndonesia vanoita sevasingazivi nezvezviri kuitika muSouth America. Hazvishamisi: vezvenhau vemunharaunda ndezvaavo vari kuchengetedza mamiriro anotyisa equo. Asi mutsara wechinyakare unoshandiswa kutyisidzira vanosiya vekuChile ungangove wakagadziridzwa, kudzoserwa uye kushandiswa mumigwagwa yeJakarta: "Santiago ari kuuya!"
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ANDRE VLTCHEK munyori wenhau, mutori wenhau uye mugadziri wemafirimu, anoshanda muAsia neSouth Pacific. Ndiye muvambi we Mainstay Press, imba inofambira mberi yekutsikisa yengano dzezvematongerwo enyika (www.mainstaypress.org). Anogona kuwanikwa pa: [email inodzivirirwa]