In
kutanga kwaChikunguru, Jamaica yakaita misoro yenhau. Masimba ehudzvanyiriri asati adzoka
"Order" vanhu vanopfuura makumi maviri nevashanu vakarara vakafa. Vamwe vaive vapfurwa kuseri
musoro, vamwe vari pedyo. Chimwe chapupu chakashuma kuti akanzwa kuteterera kuti anzwirwe ngoni
kubva mukati meimwe yedzimba umo Jamaica Defence Force nemapurisa vakapfura
pavanenge vachifunga kuvarwisa. Vakaurawa vazhinji vaive majaya ekuTivoli
Magadheni muWest Kingston, inzvimbo yakashanda sehwaro hwevaimbove Primer
Minister Edward Seaga uye parizvino mutungamiri webato rinopikisa Jamaican Labor
Bato.
Seaga
ndakashandisa chisimba chezvikwata sechombo chezvematongerwo enyika muna 1976 na1980 pandakanga ndichigadzira
mafirimu emushandirapamwe ePeople's National Party pasi peMutungamiri Michael
Manley. Ndakaona nhubu dzeSeaga dzichishandisa kupisa uye kutya kwepfuti senzira dzekutyisidzira
uye kubvisa vavhoti kubva kuManley. Seaga panguva ino muna 1976 na1980 zvakare
aifarira kutsigirwa kubva kuCIA. Manley akaedza, pasina, kugadzira nzira yechokwadi
kuzvimiririra, izvo zvakaunza mhinduro ine utsinye kubva kuWashington. Manley akazivisa
kusatora rutivi kwake muHondo Yemashoko, kwakasunda mapoka emarudzi asina kurerekera uye
akaita hushamwari neCuba yakavakidzana nayo. Manley akatungamira pakati pe
Nyika dzeCommonwealth mukurwisa hurumende yerusaruraganda muSouth Africa uye
akatsigira kutumira kwaCastro kwemauto kuAngola kuti ichengetedze rusununguko rwayo rwusina kusimba
kubva kunorwisa mauto kubva kuSouth Africa neZaire - mitemo yakagumbura
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
At
kumba, akaedza kuita Jamaica sezvo kuzvidzora zvokudya sezvinobvira uye kuti
dzikamisa mafuta kunze kwenyika. Achishandisa mutero pabauxite kupa mari kune mamwe magadzirirwo, iye
akavakira varombo dzimba uye akatora matanho akatevedzana kuti vaunze
makirasi epasi akakwira pasocial ladder.
The
vezvezvemari vepasi rose vakatsividza izvi "zvakanyanya" mapurisa. Jamaica's
kugona kuwana zvikwereti uye chikwereti chakatambura seJamaica's bhizinesi elite
panguva imwe cheteyo vakabvisa mari yavo kubva kumabhanga eJamaican uye vakaramba kuisa mari.
Pakazosvika 1977, Manley akazengurira kugamuchira rutsigiro rweInternational Monetarv Fund. Asi
zvadaro hurumende yaManley haina kupasa bvunzo dzeIMF nekuti akagovera
yakakura kwazvo chikamu chebhajeti reJamaica kune shanduko dzaitendwa nevakuru veIMF
kuchengetedzwa kwemazinga emuhoro akawedzera. Munguva ino, vatungamiriri veJamaican vachiri kuzvibata
sekunge ivo, uye kwete vepamusoro vezvemari vepasi rose, vaidzora hupfumi. Asi
vasina mari vaisakwanisa kufambisa nyika, saka vakazoendesa kuIMF
"kuranga." Mari yeJamaican yakaderedzwa, rubatsiro rwevarombo rwakanga rusina
cheka pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira varombo uye kuchengetedza
zvimwe zvokudya kuzvikwanira.
In
1980, maJamaican akatambura kwete chete nemhedzisiro yekuve IMF'd, asiwo kubva
mafuta akakwirira uye mitengo yeshuga yakaderera. Pakazosvika 1980 mitengo yemafuta yakanga yakwira kubva pamadhora masere kusvika pamadhora makumi matatu nemaviri a
barrel. Wedzera kumatambudziko ehupfumi, mushandirapamwe wemhirizhonga yepfuti, iyo
yakaderedza kushanya muJamaica uye, sezvingatarisirwa, Manley nePeople's National yake
Bato rakakundwa musarudzo.
vamwe
Makore makumi maviri nerimwe apfuura, ndakaona kuda kuuraya Manley. ndoitawo
vakaona migumisiro yenhimbe yemhirizhonga: mazana evakafa, vanenge vese varombo
vanhu. Mune imwe nyaya, mbavha dzakapisa nharaunda inogara vanhu ndokupfura vanhu se
vakaedza kutiza murazvo womoto.
The
People's National Party yakashandisa zvikwata zvayo zvakare uye kazhinji kutengesa narco
uye masimba masimba emapoka akavhiringidzika zvisina tariro. Kubva 1980 zvichienda mberi, aine nyika
simba muJamaica raireva kupa mubayiro shamwari nehama. Zvakabva zvapera basa
Bato ripi rakakunda musarudzo nekuti kutonga kwegwara rehupfumi hwenyika kurimo
maoko emabhanga ekunze nemakambani uye masangano ekunze anokweretesa.
Zvikwata zvemapato ari maviri zvakaramba zvichibudirira, zvisinei. Asi zvakasiyana neManley
kwemakore, chisimba chezvikwata zvino chakanga chisisina chokuita nemisiyano yezvematongerwe enyika. Matsotsi
vaiita zvezvinodhaka nemamwe mabasa asiri emutemo, asi mapurisa nemauto
kuurayiwa kwevanhu mukutanga kwaChikunguru kwaive nechekuita nekusiyana kwemitemo.
Asi, inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika munyika yechitatu umo mauto
uye mapurisa anouraya mauto anokwikwidza zvikwata zvine zvombo zvingakwikwidzana nazvo kuti zvitonge.
pasi
Mutungamiriri wePatterson, People's National Party ikozvino inotungamira Jamaican
Nyika, asi makambani epasi rose anodzora hupfumi hwayo. Mauto uye
mapurisa muJamaica sedzimwe nyika dzechitatu dzepasi rose dzinonakidzwa nekuzvitonga.
Vachishanda pasi pefaรงade yedemocracy, vanogadza mitemo yavo, imwe ye
izvo zviri kuvimbisa kutonga kwavo pamusoro penzira dzemhirizhonga. Zvematongerwo enyika zvakamira
kuvapo mune chero pfungwa ine musoro apo vezvematongerwo enyika vakatadza kutonga
bhajeti
I
rangarira achishanyira Michael Manley uyo akakunda musarudzo zvakare muna 1989 - iye zvino seakasununguka
mushambadziri wemusika. Ndakamubvunza zvaaironga kuita.
"Zvimwe vhura migwagwa, yakavharwa neHurricane Andrew, kana kukwidza mubhadharo wevadzidzisi
kuti zvikoro zvirambe zvichishanda,โ vakadaro
- kana chimwe chinhu, "akagomera.
kuti
chirevo uye mhirizhonga ichangobva kuitika inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu muJamaica uye mune zvakawanda
nyika yechitatu, pakati pezvikonzero izvo vanhu vanoratidzira vachipokana neiyi itsva
kurongeka kwenyika - kwese uko vatungamiriri vayo vanosangana.